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Background: Green banking refers to sustainable practices in the banking sector, encompassing economic, environmental, and social dimensions. It aims to make banking processes more digitized, eco-friendly, and efficient. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the level of customer awareness and satisfaction level among green banking products and practices adopted by the State Bank of India (SBI) in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, focusing on economic development and environmental protection. Methodology: This descriptive and analytical research employs a survey method with a sample of 174 customers from various SBI branches. Basic random sampling was used, and statistical analysis was conducted using the one-way ANOVA test, Chi-Square test, and factor analysis. Key Findings: The study reveals the current status of green banking practices in SBI, highlighting customer awareness and perceptions towards these practices. It is concluded that there is significant relationship between respondent's demographic variable and awareness towards green banking products. It concluded that there is a significant different between age group of the respondents and level of awareness the green banking and services. The analysis indicates a moderate level of awareness and a positive perception among customers. Implications/Significance: The findings underscore the importance of promoting green banking practices to enhance sustainability in the banking sector. Increased customer awareness and adoption of eco-friendly practices can significantly contribute to economic development and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to assess the significance of marketing research within the Nigerian banking sector. The study pursues the following objectives: First, to appraise the potential of marketing research as a gauge for a firm's advancement; second, to examine if marketing research contributes to a firm's economic viability; and third, to ascertain the extent of customer satisfaction achievable through marketing research. The research employed a combined descriptive and explanatory design. Data were collected through questionnaires and supplemented by library research. Both primary and secondary data sources were utilized, and data analysis employed the chi-square statistical method at a 5% significance level. The results were presented in frequency tables and percentages. The participants in the study consisted of 67 employees from the Union Bank of Nigeria Benin branch. The central focus of this research was to highlight the significance of marketing research within the Nigerian banking sector. The findings of the study revealed that the disregard for marketing research has precipitated the premature closure of banks in the industry. Moreover, the study demonstrated that marketing research holds the potential to enhance and cultivate the banking sector. In light of these findings, it is recommended that banks should proactively engage in marketing research to foster the growth and development of the banking industry.

The article examines retail banking services, their importance and how they are improving in the context of digital transformation. In the article, using the data of 14 commercial banks in Uzbekistan, the number of observations is 280. The dependent variable is the deposit practice of commercial banks, the independent variables are the credit practice of commercial banks, the remote services of commercial banks and the practice of commercial banks with plastic cards, analyzed through several models. The research shows that when we analyze 3 models based on panel data, the Random effects estimator (REE) model econometric equation of the impact of retail banking services development practices in the national economy today is Y=0.59x1+0.08x2+0.22x3-1.66 is the most optimal model. Accordingly, regarding the choice between the Fixed effects estimator (FEE) model and the Random effects estimator (REE) model, the Hausman test is used to determine which model is more suitable. The test compares the estimates from two models and tests whether the difference between them is statistically significant. If the p-value of the test is greater than the significance level (usually 0.05), then the Random effects estimator (REE) model is preferred because it allows for unobserved heterogeneity not accounted for in the Fixed effects estimator (FEE) model. In this case, the p-value of the Hausman test is equal to 0.36, which is greater than 0.05. We use the Random effects estimator (REE) model to analyze the impact of the practice of developing retail banking services in the national economy today based on panel data. We came to the conclusion that it is suitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines retail banking services, their importance and how they are improving in the context of digital transformation. In the article, using the data of 14 commercial banks in Uzbekistan, the number of observations is 280. The dependent variable is the deposit practice of commercial banks, the independent variables are the credit practice of commercial banks, the remote services of commercial banks and the practice of commercial banks with plastic cards, analyzed through several models. The research shows that when we analyze 3 models based on panel data, the Random effects estimator (REE) model econometric equation of the impact of retail banking services development practices in the national economy today is Y=0.59x1+0.08x2+0.22x3-1.66 is the most optimal model. Accordingly, regarding the choice between the Fixed effects estimator (FEE) model and the Random effects estimator (REE) model, the Hausman test is used to determine which model is more suitable. The test compares the estimates from two models and tests whether the difference between them is statistically significant. If the p-value of the test is greater than the significance level (usually 0.05), then the Random effects estimator (REE) model is preferred because it allows for unobserved heterogeneity not accounted for in the Fixed effects estimator (FEE) model. In this case, the p-value of the Hausman test is equal to 0.36, which is greater than 0.05. We use the Random effects estimator (REE) model to analyze the impact of the practice of developing retail banking services in the national economy today based on panel data. We came to the conclusion that it is suitable.

The research aimed to identify banking products and services used by farmers in the context of their financial and tangible assets. The banking products used by customers of particular banks were analysed, depending on the selected characteristics of the surveyed farmers and their farms. Due to the scope of the study, the focus was on endogenous factors related to the agricultural producer and the farm they ran. The source of the empirical data was a questionnaire interview conducted with farmers. The research allows the following conclusions to be drawn: 80% of the surveyed farmers declared that they used the services and products of cooperative banks. However, they managed a smaller area of agricultural land than customers of commercial banks. Differences in preferences for banking services offered by cooperative and commercial banks were evident in the case of such instruments as electronic banking, payment cards and bank deposits. To remain competitive, cooperative banks should offer products that meet customer expectations and are unique to a region. They should also use digital technologies and develop cooperation within the cooperative banking sector.

The objective of this study is to assess and elucidate the potential impact of changes in the price of the Murabaha product on customer satisfaction levels at Alyageen Bank, as perceived by customers. Specifically, the study aims to determine the extent to which altering the price of the Murabaha product influences customer satisfaction at Alyageen Bank. The primary data for this study was collected through an electronic questionnaire, with 361 questionnaires completed by clients of Alyageen Bank. The researcher utilized statistical analysis software, specifically the "SPSS" program, to extract the study results by applying appropriate statistical measures to the data and objectives. The study yielded several important findings, notably the statistically significant effect of changing the price of the Murabaha product on customer satisfaction levels at Alyageen Bank. Based on these results, a set of recommendations was proposed, including a focus on alternative forms of Islamic finance such as participation, speculation, Salam, Istisna'a, Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek, and Islamic sukuk. It is also recommended to consider the unique circumstances, needs, and requirements of customers and establish an appropriate pricing strategy for the Murabaha product, given its significant impact on customer satisfaction. Additionally, the study suggests supporting practices that reduce the impact of negative factors on customer satisfaction while enhancing positive aspects, particularly those related to quality systems and their management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the current digitalization of the Brazilian Credit market, boosted by the Open Banking and the Resolutions 4.656 and 4.657/2018, consumers have more access to Credit in various contracting channels, besides their bank branch only. This study aims to identify factors that impact on the consumer's preference for physical or digital channels to take out a Loan. To achieve this goal, a questionnaire was developed and applied, obtaining 498 respondents. The survey addresses interest rates, perception of security in the digital banking environment, customer's age and acceptance of innovation as factors that influence the decision. It is observed that the satisfactory relationship with the Institution impacts the choice of clients from Traditional Institutions, but not of clients from Non-Traditional ones. The contribution of this study is to bring an approach to the Loan product for the discussion of acceptance of the digital channel, as well as bringing an application to the Brazilian reality on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banking is an indispensable sector in our modern society and it forms the core area of money market among the advanced countries. Financial access to all sections of society is inevitable for the overall development of a nation. But the society should have timely and adequate availability of financial services to ensure access at affordable cost. The present study is intended to analyze the usage of banking products and services of commercial banks in Villupuram district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists is the property of Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At the present stage of the development of the global business community, we pay more and more attention to the principles of environmental, social and governance (ESG) responsibility. Financial intermediaries in their activities considered the influence of natural and climatic factors. Their risks sometimes turn out to be more tangible than, for example, the financial condition of customers. The subject of the study is the development of measures to implement ESG principles in banking products, and its purpose is to study implementing the above principles in Russia at the present stage of business models and setting tasks aimed at overcoming the difficulties of software in sustainable development. The research used the methods of comparative, statistical and factor analysis, identification of trends, graphical comparison, etc. The existing studies on this topic allowed us to determine the need to use ESG principles in banking business models and to identify the motives for their implementation. In the author’s conclusion, Russian banks are guides and an example of making business in line with the principles of environmental, social and governance. The speed, depth and sustainability of their application by other financial intermediaries will depend on economic incentives, government support, and the development of regulatory requirements. The transformation of the business community (according to the new rules of conduct) will bring the entire economy of the country to sustainable development. The author considers a promising topic for further study as the introduction by the mega-regulator of mandatory standards for the activities of financial intermediaries for assessing climate and environmental risks, as well as the development of a supplier audit directive on the criteria for implementing ESG principles. This determines the scientific and practical significance of the study.

The subject of the research is trends in the implementation of digital technologies in the banking sector. The relevance of the paper is due to the objective processes of global digital intervention of technologies in all spheres of human life and society. The research aims to identify, systematize and generalize key trends and regulations in the development of digital business models of banking services in Industry 4.0. For the first time, the authors identified and systematized modern trends and regulations in the development of digital business models of banking services in Industry 4.0, offered their own conceptual vision of the concept of “digital business model of banking services”. The authors apply general scientific, philosophical, analytical, statistical, problem chronological and historical-genetic methods, as well as methods of expert assessments. The article summarizes the main stages of the evolution of business models of the banking sector, reveals substantive and methodological differences between traditional remote banking services and digital banking, highlights the main business models for organizing digital banking; provides up-to-date data on the level of development of digital banking in the main geographic zones of the world; shows the dynamics and key areas of investment in the fintech industry in 2014–2019 and provides a critical analysis of their conditions; identifies problematic aspects of the development of digital business models of banking; describes the functionality of the main digital business models of Russian banks with the author’s assessment of their capabilities and examples of their use in Russian practice. The authors conclude that the main drivers of digitalization of the banking sector are stable growth of non-cash payments in the world and in Russia; stable growth of the global digital banking market; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the active demand of consumers of remote financial services; increased competition in the retail banking market; and a significant decrease in margins for traditional banking products. Identification and systematization of trends and regulations in the implementation of digital business models of banking services can form the basis for further analysis of the specifics of digitalization and personalization of digital banking in Industry 4.0 for the sustainable socio-economic development of the country in terms of possible advantages and threats to the security of financial resources and personal data of customers.

Copyright of Econder International Academic Journal is the property of Econder International Academic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nowadays the residential mortgage lending is a matter of great importance for the socio-economic development of Russia in the context of providing the majority of people with owner-occupied homes. The problem can be solved by increasing the availability of housing in which case the state support can be hardly overestimated. The paper analyzes the conditions for the organization of the mortgage lending system at the federal and regional levels (by the case study of the Altai Territory). The research findings made it possible to identify the main factors hampering the mortgage development: limited effective demand of the population, high housing prices, low volumes of new housing supply in federal subjects of the Russian Federation, inability to confirm incomes, economic instability, high interest rates, imperfect legislation. Taking into account the obtained results, the authors propose measures aimed at further development of the residential mortgage lending system. Besides, there is a need to raise the awareness of potential borrowers about the possibilities of mortgage programs through awareness-raising activity, publication of interviews with bank executives and the release of methodological literature. The findings concerning the influence of socio-economic factors on the development of the mortgage lending system can be used in the practice of credit institutions to increase the availability of residential mortgage loans.

The main aim of this paper is to measure the influence of market interest rate on commercial banks' business mix. The global character of banking business and the conditions of the world economy have caused extremely low interest rates at the loan and mortgage market in Czech Republic. Low interest rates generate cheaper money and make loans and mortgages easily available since 2014 where the mortgage interest rate dropped below the level of 2.5%. The first aim of this research is to evaluate the effect from different types of interest rates on two types of loan products in this five-year period (2014--2018). The second aim of this research is to analyse the effect from the selected interest rates in Czech Republic on profitability of the selected commercial banks. Lastly, profitability behaviour of the banking sector in Czech Republic and its relation with the selected interest rates and bank-specific determinants has been examined. Our final results state that the consumption interest rate, mortgage interest rate, deposit interest rate, PRIBOR 2w-repo, inflation rate, disposable income, unemployment, GDP and the real effective exchange rate (REER) have significant influence on the volume of mortgage loans and consumer loans too. The authors find that banks´ ROE is affected by profit margin and liquidity, but it is negatively related to financial leverage and the number of provided loans. Lastly, the consumer loan volume has a negative influence on the return on equity. The results show the positive relationship between ROE and mortgage loan volume but negative effect of consumer loan volume on the return on equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people are a group of clients that are increasingly being served by commercial banks. Although usage of bank accounts, web portals or mobile applications to manage private money becomes a necessity for younger generations, a large part of children, youths and young adults remain unbanked. The main purpose of the paper is to characterise the profile of young people (up to 26 years of age) that do not use banking products and services. The authors investigated the reasons and terms for not adopting banking offers by children, youths and young adults. The paper also identifies the factors supporting financial inclusion of the aforementioned groups, as well as the time perspective of bank products being adopted by young people. The authors analysed literature and conducted survey research on a group of young people with the CAWI technique, as well as using non-parametric statistical tests and multivariate logistic regression to evaluate quantitatively the phenomenon. The main reason for not using banking products was being too young and lack of need, but not a lack of offers. The statistical analysis pointed out that the fundamental factor influencing the non-use of banking products was the level of education. The most important factors stimulating the financial inclusion of young people were lack of fees and attractive promotions. Young people as a rule declared the possibility of becoming bank clients in the long-term perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local government units are an attractive client for each bank. Cooperative banks have also seen it increasingly and more willingly to cooperate. They offer their services to smaller local governments. Local character and responsibility for the development of the region stimulate cooperation on many levels. Through effective co-operation, cooperative banks should become a local center of competence and trust, naturally contributing to the local economic climate. The share of local government units in receivables and liabilities of the cooperative banking sector in comparison with other groups is small, despite a steady increase for several years. However, its stabilization is more important than its growth, providing a lasting relationship between cooperative banks and local governments

After the last banking crisis in the Western world, which provoked an economic recession in many countries, the attention to Islamic banking has increased. Islamic banking took a more important place in global banking, since the economic and financial crisis there was of smaller scope than in the banks of Western countries. The principles of Islamic banking are based on Shariah requirements, which emerged from the Koran. The most important fact is that Islamic banks cannot seek profit, which does not require any risk or efforts. They do not use any financial instruments, which are not covered by assets (derivatives). On the other hand, Islamic banks, while granting loans, assume all or a part of risk, if in the case of implementation of project some losses appear. They responsibly appreciate the possibility of granting the loans, the main goal of which is to finance projects and promote business development; they share the risk with the clients and value mutual cooperation. The goal of the article is to investigate the peculiarities of Islamic banking. The article investigates the formation of Islamic banking’s main characteristics and principles, its accounting peculiarities and the instruments that are applied. Research methods include the analysis of collected information, comparison, critical assessment and induction.

The purpose of the article is to highlight the increasing importance of financial education or its absence, on the behavior and decisions of consumers in a more sophisticated banking market, being offered a variety of complex financial instruments for borrowing and saving, credit cards, mortgage loans, insurance, investment and retirement saving etc., with a large range of options. The financially educated consumers, well informed and familiarized with financial instruments, are able to make responsible choices, otherwise risking isolation and financial exclusion. The article presents a comparative study, based on statistical data, between countries within the European Union, including Romania, from the point of view of the financial inclusion index, the access of the population to financial services, the proportion of the adult population using banking products and services such as bank accounts, credit cards, debit cards, saving products, the proportion of borrowers by the type of the credit, the role of financial institutions in providing financial education, the level of education and the access to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policymakers around the world call for more competition in the banking sector. One prerequisite to achieving this is customer mobility. Despite its policy relevance, surprisingly little is known about consumers' bank switching behaviour. We show that the principal reasons to stay at one's bank are a good bank-customer relationship, practical barriers, and the perception that there is not much benefit in switching. Moreover, we find that the reported propensity to switch varies across banking products. For the main current and savings accounts, this propensity is most strongly related to the bank-customer relationship, while for mortgage loans it is especially linked to switching experience. These findings have important implications for antitrust policy; they provide an argument against using a cluster-based legal standard for the analysis of competition and in favour of a disaggregated approach. Regarding the effectiveness of hypothetical policy initiatives to lower switching barriers, we find that the reported switching propensity with current accounts is higher in the case of account number portability, while more knowledge of the existing switching service has no significant effect. Lastly, scenario analysis shows that a policy of allowing new foreign banks to enter the savings market is less promising for enhancing mobility than a policy that increases the number of domestic players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the last banking crisis in the Western world, which provoked an economic recession in many countries, the attention to Islamic banking has increased. Islamic banking took a more important place in global banking, since the economic and financial crisis there was of smaller scope than in the banks of Western countries. The principles of Islamic banking are based on Shariah requirements, which emerged from the Koran. The most important fact is that Islamic banks cannot seek profit, which does not require any risk or efforts. They do not use any financial instruments, which are not covered by assets (derivatives). On the other hand, Islamic banks, while granting loans, assume all or a part of risk, if in the case of implementation of project some losses appear. They responsibly appreciate the possibility of granting the loans, the main goal of which is to finance projects and promote business development; they share the risk with the clients and value mutual cooperation. The goal of the article is to investigate the peculiarities of Islamic banking. The article investigates the formation of Islamic banking's main characteristics and principles, its accounting peculiarities and the instruments that are applied. Research methods include the analysis of collected information, comparison, critical assessment and induction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Financial & Credit Activity: Problems of Theory & Practice is the property of University of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bank of the future has become the subject of scientific polemics in economic domain. Bank of the future - it is a bank with a set of unique technologies that allow customers to perform financial transactions from anywhere, at any time of day and any day of the week, quickly, effectively and safely. The establishment of this type of bank will take place through the formation in accordance with the design of “Bank 2.0” conception and training to “Bank 3.0”. This will lead to quantitative and qualitative expansion of banking, which aspects are described in this article.

Today, bank customers increasingly use new banking technologies, from which we can conclude that for further development of the bank and attracting customers to the bank, and also for successful competitive struggle on the market resources, the bank needs to develop new technologies. In this article we considered the concepts of banking innovation and also the different interpretations of this concept. Range of financial services expands every year, there are always new kinds of products and services on the market. This factor increased the competition between credit institutions for each client. Therefore, each bank builds its own relations with the client, based on the principles of partnership. Thus, credit institutions not only care about preserving, but also the increase of capital of its clients by continuously offering new products and services that contribute to the development of business activity of the people. Under the influence of many economic and social factors banking products and services are evolving. The article also describes issues and recommendations for improvement of innovative banking products. Нa сегодняшний день клиенты бaнкa всё больше и больше поль­зуются новыми бaнковскими технологиями, из чего можно сделaть вывод, что для дaльнейшего рaзвития бaнкa и привлечения в бaнк клиентов, a тaкже для успешной конкурентной борьбы нa рынке ре­сурсов бaнк должен рaзвивaть новые технологии. В рaмкaх дaнной стaтьи рaссмaтривaются понятия бaнковских инновaций, рaзличные трaктовки дaнного понятия. Спектр финaнсовых услуг ежегодно рaсширяется, нa рынке постоянно появляются новые виды продук­тов и услуг. Дaнный фaктор служит обострением конкурентной борь­бы между кредитными оргaнизaциями зa кaждого клиентa. Поэтому кaждый бaнк строит свои отношения с клиентом, опирaясь нa прин­ципы пaртнерствa. Тaким обрaзом, кредитные оргaнизaции не только зaботятся о сохрaнении, но тaкже и о приумножении кaпитaлa своих клиентов путем постоянного предложения новых продуктов и услуг, которые способствуют рaзвитию деловой aктивности нaселения. Под влиянием многих экономических и социaльных фaкторов происходит эволюция бaнковских продуктов и услуг. В стaтье тaкже описывaются проблемы и дaны рекомендaции по совершенствовaнию инновaцион­ных бaнковских продуктов.

The changes occurred in the banking marketing in our country have their origin, firstly, in the changes of the organisational culture which has evolved in the last ten years from the bureaucratic behaviour, categorised excessively, to a specific behaviour for the market economy, based on the knowledge of the clients, on the competition and on the promotion of the mentality of a winner. The organisational culture can be changed in time, as long as the employees are aware of the objectives followed, as long as they are selected and promoted in conformity with these objectives and as long as the feeling of belonging to the organisation has formed which depends essentially on the satisfaction that the employee feels towards the activity he/she enrols. Due to the stimulation of the own personnel, the banks, through superior wages as for the best paid sectors of the national economy, have managed to attract the interest of the existing professionals, as well as of the young specialists willing to dedicate to a banking carrier. The training programs organised through the means of the Romanian Banking Institute or through distinct programs organised by the baking companies in our country have contributed to the motivation of the personnel, as well as to the consolidation of the new organisational culture.

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the article the author attempts to compare direct and non-direct investment in the stock indices. By direct investment the author meansthe buying a particular index on the Warsaw Stock Exchange strictly preferred by the investor stock exchange. While the indirect investment is an investment in bank structured products based on stock indices, namely products of which the final result depends on the formation of the indices. It is assumed that structured products complement or even replace the traditional investments in stocks, bonds and deposits. The investment in a structured product is to be for investors a substitute for direct investment in the index and listed companies, raw materials, baskets investment, real estate, and other instruments. The question that arises here is: are structured products really substitutes for traditional investments and whether they give satisfactory returns to investors? The question was answered in the article defining the rate of return of structured products based on companies and stock indices ended 31.12.2013 on the Polish capital market. The results regarding the structured products launched and completed during the period 1.01.2000 - 31.12.2013 on the Polish capital market, were compared with the rate of return of selected indices. For the comparative analysis the following indices were selected: the Hang Seng, Dow Jones, WIG, WIG 20, Hang Seng, Nikkei, Shanghai Composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trakya University, Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty E-Journal / Trakya Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi E-dergi is the property of T.C. Trakya Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Revolution of information and communication technology keeps on transforming day after day the way of running business. One of the latest novelty of E-business is electronic banking or E-banking. Transactions with banking cards, which is electronic paying instrument, issued by a licensed bank to develop banking transactions with predetermined functions, are quite spread in developed economies. Banking cards are paying instruments that have come into use in Albania, although their usage level compared with other countries' indicators of the region as well as with probable potential is still low. The situation in Albania continues reflecting an evolution of electronic services through banking cards over years that are offered from Albanian banking system. With all improvements that the global usage of banking cards has gained, by analyzing the up to present statistical data it is clear that although banking cards usage has had an increase, their usage level is still low, mainly in the period 2008-2012, cash loans from ATMs make up about 90-95% of transactions with cards, this is an indicator of an economy with high cash usage. In Albania, physical money (cash) is still the dominating tool of paying in all spheres. This study atempts to appreciate the present state of banking cards usage in Albania, interference level of transactions-with-cards in banking services, main trends and objectives of this activity in Albania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We talk about crisis since 2008 and we still do not know if it's over, how and when it will end, what it will be after this period. It was a lesson for the whole system to have new standards when it comes to the financial system - banking, or just a new way of reshaping the human concept of "having", "saving", "investing" and finally "living "?. The questions above have given rise to many questions, contradictions, debates but still not clearly established what we do and especially what we could do after the crisis. During this period it was acclaimed that this crisis started from the greed of banks and the financial system as a whole. This paper tries to highlight some of the Romanian banking guidelines in a future post crisis period in accordance with the new regulations appeared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the competitiveness of organizations by promoting quality, is a specific and constant concern of the European Union, thus creating, legislative and institutional framework for achieving this goal. This concern is focused on promoting an ambitious policy on qualitythat facilitates increased competitiveness of EU Member States. National model of quality that exists in Romania is based on the philosophy of continuous improvement related to clear values. The last decade and a half has been for the banking system for a period of radical change, which aimed not only upgrading, creating appropriate legal and institutional framework and a diversified banking products and services, and the assimilation of the acquis communautaire and alignment policies, strategies and practices of the European Union. In the present study identified ways and means to improve the quality assurance system of banking services in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the title proclaims, the subject for the research is 'A Study on TQM in IT Services industry Using Six Sigma with CMMI'. In this research paper a segment of the entrie gamut of IT Services Industry i.e. Product and Service Delivery as addressed by the Implementation Methodology of Banking Products is taken as the restricted universe on which a focused research was conducted to establish the hypotheses framed. This was done so that the effort was not diluted due to the enormity of the Universe. The techniques employed during this research may also be judiciously extropolated in other segments to garner possible results before embarking on such a venture in those segment. Thus a banchmark was obtained against which further application of the techniques may be envisaged objectively and effectively. In this paper an attempt was made to the highlight the three relevant systems - CMMI, Six Sigma, TQM - as applied to the restricted universe, are presented by the researchers to contribute towards the targeted conclusions. Also included in this paper is an insight into Banking Products and a typical Banking Product Implementation Life Cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance management of banking unit is one of the most complete and complex finality of banks activity in general. Performance is monitored from the start of a business, with the beginning of the investment, but management achieves it by its direct intervention on processes. Banking units' management performance aims essentially the effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of recent trends have led academics and practitioners to question the separation in theory, practice and regulation between the insurance and banking industries. These trends have included corporate integration and the creation of financial conglomerates, the creation of products such as credit derivatives and credit insurance, which involve underwriting similar risks in both banks and non‐banks, and the recent development of more standardized accounting practices. Until recently, the methodologies for pricing insurance and banking products were quite separate. This paper presents an approach to pricing mortgages that is commonly used for pricing insurance products. Pricing the two should not be radically different, since the fundamental financial characteristics of the products offered are similar. The model explicitly identifies different elements of the cash flows to the providers of equity capital and prices the loan to achieve an appropriate risk‐adjusted rate of return on equity capital. Expenses, size of loan, term of loan and special ‘features’ (such as cash backs) can be as, or more, important than default risk when pricing mortgages. Methodologies similar to the one proposed are now used in the banking sector for analysing the profitability of a new product prior to launch. However, credit scoring techniques would still generally be used in taking lending decisions in individual cases. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]