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One-third of adult inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) develop acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stroke, heart failure (HF), arrhythmias, or die. The evidence linking CAP to cardiovascular disease (CVD) events is contradictory. We aimed to systematically review the role of CAP as a CVD risk factor. We registered the protocol (CRD42022352910) and searched for six databases from inception to 31 December 2022. We included 13 observational studies, 276,109 participants, 18,298 first ACS events, 12,421 first stroke events, 119 arrhythmic events, 75 episodes of new onset or worsening HF, 3379 deaths, and 218 incident CVD events. CAP increased the odds of ACS (OR 3.02; 95% CI 1.88–4.86), stroke (OR 2.88; 95% CI 2.09–3.96), mortality (OR 3.22; 95% CI 2.42–4.27), and all CVD events (OR 3.37; 95% CI 2.51–4.53). Heterogeneity was significant (I2 = 97%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis found differences according to the continent of origin of the study, the follow-up length, and the sample size (I2 > 40.0%, p < 0.10). CAP is a significant risk factor for all major CVD events including ACS, stroke, and mortality. However, these findings should be taken with caution due to the substantial heterogeneity and the possible publication bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are considered a continuum of the same process. Toxic epidermal necrolysis or Lyell syndrome is the most severe form. Both entities involve an acute mucocutaneous blistering reaction associated with systemic inflammation. CLINICAL CASE: A 16-year-old female patient who developed toxic epidermal necrolysis following concomitant treatment with valproate, lamotrigine, and phenobarbital. Despite the extensive mucocutaneous detachment (over 90%), prognostic evaluation was favorable (SCORTEN score 2; probability of survival: 88%), and patient evolved satisfactorily. Five days after arrival, valproate was reinitiated without any subsequent adverse reaction. Causality evaluation identified both lamotrigine and phenobarbital as "very probable" (ALDEN score 6) causes and valproate as "very unlikely" (ALDEN score 0) cause of toxic epidermal necrolysis. CONCLUSIONS: Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are true life-threatening medical emergencies. Therefore, an early recognition and appropriate management is critical for the patient survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]