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The use of fly ash in compositions as a substitute for a part of cement is economically favorable and ecologically feasible in connection with large accumulations of waste at the enterprises of the energy sector. In addition, the technology of cement production provides high-temperature treatment of mineral substances in kilns with significant emissions of carbon dioxide. One of the most effective directions of the utilization of fly ash is their use in concrete composites. The use of this material will provide the required temperature and humidity conditions in residential premises, solve the problem of “cold bridges” in structures, minimize heat losses of the structure, and increase the energy efficiency of buildings in general. At the same time, polystyrene concrete, due to its structural structure and the presence of thermally conductive concrete, has limited opportunities for thermal and physical–mechanical properties. To improve the operational properties of polystyrene concrete, it is proposed to use composite binders, including fly ash from the thermal power station of Astana. The main aim of this study is to develop compositions of polystyrene concrete with reduced thermal conductivity and improved physical and mechanical properties. The objectives of this study include the determination of characteristics of fly ash from Astana, formulation of polystyrene concrete mixtures with different proportions of fly ash, and evaluation of their thermal conductivity properties. These tasks are in line with the objectives of the ISO 50001 standard to improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact. The results showed that the addition of fly ash from Astana to polystyrene concrete leads to a marked reduction in thermal conductivity, contributing to improved energy efficiency of the building envelope. Optimal results were achieved by using 15% of Astana fly ash as an additive in polystyrene concrete, which led to a significant reduction in thermal conductivity of 51.47%. This reduction is in line with improving the energy efficiency of building materials, especially in cold climates.

Abstract Value-based decisions about alternatives we have never experienced can be guided by associations between current choice options and memories of prior reward. A critical question is how similar memories need to be to the current situation to effectively guide decisions. We address this question in the context of associative learning of faces using a sensory preconditioning paradigm. We find that memories of reward spread along established associations between faces to guide decision making. While memory guidance is specific for associated facial identities, it does not only occur for the specific images that were originally encountered. Instead, memory guidance generalizes across different images of the associated identities. This suggests that memory guidance does not rely on a pictorial format of representation but on a higher, view-invariant level of abstraction. Thus, memory guidance operates on a level of representation that neither over- nor underspecifies associative relationships in the context of obtaining reward.

A linear engine generator with a compact double-acting free piston mechanism allows for full integration of the combustion engine and generator, which provides an alternative chemical-to-electrical energy converter with a higher volumetric power density for the electrification of automobiles, trains, and ships. This paper aims to analyse the performance of the integrated engine with alternative permanent magnet linear tubular electrical machine topologies using a coupled dynamic model in Siemens Simcenter software. Two types of alternative generator configurations are compared, namely long translator-short stator and short translator-long stator linear machines. The dynamic models of the linear engine and linear generator, validated with lab-scale prototypes, are applied to investigate the influence of alternative topologies of the generator on system performance. The coupled model will facilitate the early design phase and reveal the optimal match of the key parameters of the engine and generator. Then, experimental tests on an integrated compressor cylinder-generator prototype were successfully performed, and it is shown that this concept is feasible and electrical power and compressed working fluid, such as air, can be generated by this prototype.

Kazakhstan’s homelessness social enterprise (SE) practitioners tend to argue that core to the SE concept is the idea that this is first and foremost a business whose income generation function enables it to sustain the viability of social projects. A range of important potential lessons for Kazakhstan emerged from work-based SEs in homelessness sector in the UK with respect to SEs’ financial capacity: (a) ideally, a SE might make enough trading income to entirely sustain its own activities and cross-subsidise a charitable arm/organisation; (b) some SEs might make enough financial resources via trading income to entirely sustain their own activities, but only just enough to “break even” so there was no surplus “profit” to invest in charitable programmes; (c) SEs might make some trading income, but this was only enough to cover part of their operational costs, and so the SEs needed some subsidy to invest in social programmes (the cost transfer model); (d) some emerging SEs make no trading income (so required all costs to be met via cost transfer). This means that it is unrealistic to expect employment-based SEs at least to be able to reconcile commercial and social goals in any absolute sense (Teasdale, 2012a). Kazakh authorities should, therefore, avoid shifting the entire financial responsibility for the social support component of employment-based SEs in the homelessness field themselves.

This study aimed to test relationships among positive and negative psychological stress coping strategies with locus of control. Academic level and specialization were also variables of interest in this study. The sample consistedof 202 male and female freshmen and senior students from the colleges of education and nursing. To answer the research questions two instruments were used. One measured the coping strategies and the other measured locus of control. Several statistical techniques were used: Mean, MANOVA and partial correlation. The results indicated that senior students used negative and positive coping strategies more than their freshmen counterparts. The results also showed that there was interaction between students' specialization and locus of control in using positive coping strategies; students in the college of education who had external locus of control used positive coping strategies more than nursing students. Also, there was interaction between academic level, specialization, and locus of control in using positive coping strategies. Furthermore, there was interaction between academic major, sex and locus of control in using positive coping strategies. Finally, there was positive relationship between external locus of control and positive coping strategies; and there was negative correlation between internal locus of control and positive coping strategies.

The use of fly ash in compositions as a substitute for a part of cement is economically favorable and ecologically feasible in connection with large accumulations of waste at the enterprises of the energy sector. In addition, the technology of cement production provides high-temperature treatment of mineral substances in kilns with significant emissions of carbon dioxide. One of the most effective directions of the utilization of fly ash is their use in concrete composites. The use of this material will provide the required temperature and humidity conditions in residential premises, solve the problem of "cold bridges" in structures, minimize heat losses of the structure, and increase the energy efficiency of buildings in general. At the same time, polystyrene concrete, due to its structural structure and the presence of thermally conductive concrete, has limited opportunities for thermal and physical–mechanical properties. To improve the operational properties of polystyrene concrete, it is proposed to use composite binders, including fly ash from the thermal power station of Astana. The main aim of this study is to develop compositions of polystyrene concrete with reduced thermal conductivity and improved physical and mechanical properties. The objectives of this study include the determination of characteristics of fly ash from Astana, formulation of polystyrene concrete mixtures with different proportions of fly ash, and evaluation of their thermal conductivity properties. These tasks are in line with the objectives of the ISO 50001 standard to improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact. The results showed that the addition of fly ash from Astana to polystyrene concrete leads to a marked reduction in thermal conductivity, contributing to improved energy efficiency of the building envelope. Optimal results were achieved by using 15% of Astana fly ash as an additive in polystyrene concrete, which led to a significant reduction in thermal conductivity of 51.47%. This reduction is in line with improving the energy efficiency of building materials, especially in cold climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aim Method Results Conclusions This study aimed to quantitatively assess the thickness of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) and lumbar multifidus muscle through ultrasound imaging in younger-middle aged individuals, both those experiencing chronic low back pain (LBP) and those without LBP. Additionally, the study sought to explore the potential significance of these anatomical structures in relation to clinical and sonographic findings.A cross-sectional study was conducted involving a cohort of 50 participants, divided into two groups: chronic LBP group (Group LBP, n = 30) and a group without LBP (Group control, n = 20). Participants from both groups underwent assessments pertaining to pain characteristics (intensity and quality), functional impairment, and kinesiophobia. The thicknesses of the thoracolumbar fascia and lumbar multifidus muscle were measured using ultrasonography.Among participants with chronic LBP, the thoracolumbar fascia displayed a statistically significant increase in thickness on the left side, whereas the lumbar multifidus muscle exhibited reduced thickness on the left side. Notably, positive correlations were observed between the thickness of the thoracolumbar fascia and scores from the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain intensity (r = 0.472, p = 0.008) as well as the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) (r = 0.547, p = 0.002). Moreover, a positive correlation was established between the thickness of the lumbar multifidus muscle and the modified Schober test (r = 0.174, p = 0.040). However, the thickness of the lumbar multifidus muscle demonstrated a negative correlation with age (r = −0.304, p = 0.032). Multiple logistic regression analysis did not identify any significant predictors for the presence of LBP based on demographic or clinical variables.Individuals afflicted with chronic LBP exhibited pronounced thickening of the thoracolumbar fascia and attenuation of the lumbar multifidus muscle in comparison to asymptomatic counterparts. Notably, increased thickness of the thoracolumbar fascia corresponded to heightened pain intensity, while reduction in lumbar multifidus muscle thickness was associated with decreased lumbar flexion ability. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating tailored regimens targeting both fascial and muscular components in the rehabilitation of individuals with LBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use may cause diaphragm-like lesions in the bowel. Although NSAID-enteropathy is among the causes of protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), intractable hypoalbuminemia is rare. CASE REPORT: Here, we discuss a case of NSAID-enteropathy with a diaphragm-like disease that presented with Protein Losing Enteropathy (PLE) rather than obstruction. The hypoalbuminemia recovered immediately after resection of the obstructive segment, despite ongoing annular ulcerations in the early postoperative period. Thus, it was not clear whether obstructive mechanisms influenced resistant hypoalbuminemia besides the ulcers. We also reviewed the English-written literature for “diaphragm-type lesion, NSAID-enteropathy, obstruction, and protein-losing enteropathy”. We noted that the role of obstruction in the pathophysiology of PLE was not clear. CONCLUSIONS: As our case and a couple of cases reported in literature, slow-onset obstructive pathology seems to contribute to well-known factors: inflammatory response, exudation, tight-junction dysfunction, and increase in permeability in the physiopathology of NSAID-induced PLE. Factors such as distention-induced low-flow ischemia and reperfusion, cholecystectomy-related continuous bile flow, bacterial overgrowth-related bile deconjugation and concomitant inflammation are among other potential influencers. The possible role of a slow-onset obstructive pathology in the physiopathology of NSAID-induced and other PLE needs to be further elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to investigate the effect of morbid obesity surgery on infertility using laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis from a prospectively collected database from May 2014 until December 2019. The mean age of the 23 morbidly obese women included in the study and followed-up for five years was 31.26 ± 5.06 years (minimum 24, maximum 43), mean duration of marriage was 9.3478 ± 4.76 years (minimum 4, maximum 23). Mean body mass index (BMI) values were 45.04 ± 3.43 (minimum 40, maximum 52) pre-LSG and 28.65 ± 3.14 (minimum 24, maximum 36) 12 months post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). RESULTS: Out of 23 infertile patients studied underwent LSG. Significant correlation was determined between the change in BMI, 12 months after LSG, compared to pre-LSG and having children after surgery (p=0.001). Conception occurred in 21 patients (91.3%) after surgery, but not in the remaining two (8.7%). CONCLUSIONS: LSG is an important surgical technique used in the treatment of obesity and in preventing obesity-related comorbidities. It can improve pregnancy and live birth rates by contributing to weight loss and hormonal regulation in obese infertile women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A linear engine generator with a compact double-acting free piston mechanism allows for full integration of the combustion engine and generator, which provides an alternative chemical-to-electrical energy converter with a higher volumetric power density for the electrification of automobiles, trains, and ships. This paper aims to analyse the performance of the integrated engine with alternative permanent magnet linear tubular electrical machine topologies using a coupled dynamic model in Siemens Simcenter software. Two types of alternative generator configurations are compared, namely long translator-short stator and short translator-long stator linear machines. The dynamic models of the linear engine and linear generator, validated with lab-scale prototypes, are applied to investigate the influence of alternative topologies of the generator on system performance. The coupled model will facilitate the early design phase and reveal the optimal match of the key parameters of the engine and generator. Then, experimental tests on an integrated compressor cylinder-generator prototype were successfully performed, and it is shown that this concept is feasible and electrical power and compressed working fluid, such as air, can be generated by this prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) [Na.sub.v]1.8 is expressed predominantly by damage-sensing primary afferent nerves and is important for the development and maintenance of persistent pain states. Here we demonstrate that [micro]O-conotoxin MrVIB from Conus marrnoreus displays substantial selectivity for [Na.sub.v]1.8 and inhibits pain behavior in models of persistent pain. In rat sensory neurons, submicromolar concentrations of MrVIB blocked tetrodotoxin-resistant current characteristic of [Na.sub..v]1.8 but not [Na.sub.v]1.9 or tetrodotoxin-sensitive VGSC currents. MrVIB blocked human [Na.sub.v]1.8 expressed in Xenopus oocytes with selectivity at least 10-fold greater than other VGSCs. In neuropathic and chronic inflammatory pain models, allodynia and hyperalgesia were both reduced by intrathecal infusion of MrVIB (0.03-3 nmol), whereas motor side effects occurred only at 30-fold higher doses. In contrast, the nonselective VGSC blocker lignocaine displayed no selectivity for allodynia and hyperalgesia versus motor side effects. The actions of MrVIB reveal that VGSC antagonists displaying selectivity toward [Na.sub.v]1.8 can alleviate chronic pain behavior with a greater therapeutic index than nonselective antagonists. electrophysiology | pain model | dorsal root ganglia | allodynia | [delta]-conotoxin

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is cleaner and cheaper for power generation than traditional energy sources. Many tanks that store LNG are located in coastal areas with less favorable geotechnical conditions and often in seismically active regions. The seismic loads acting on LNG tanks are highly affected by the soil–foundation–structure interaction (SFSI) and evaluating this effect is quite challenging as a result of the nonlinear response of the structure and foundation interacting with the soil. This paper presents the application of a three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation technique to study the impacts of foundation type on the seismic behavior of a large LNG tank considering the SFSI effects. Fully nonlinear dynamic analysis under the influence of the 1994 Northridge and 1995 Kobe earthquakes are performed using finite-element analysis software ABAQUS version 2018 to assess the LNG tank seismic response under different foundation types, namely, end-bearing pile foundation and pile-raft foundation with two different frictional pile lengths. The results show the importance of the SFSI effect in evaluation of the seismic response of LNG tanks built on pile foundations. Indeed, choice of the deep foundation system and composition of the foundation in terms of raft effects and pile length can significantly change the dynamic response of an LNG tank and thus seismic forces in the foundation and superstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The approximate chemical composition and amino acid profile of Lupinus albus seeds were studied. Protein content of lupin and lupin mlik seeds; 45.2(±0.09) g/100g and 7.25(±0.08) g/100g, respectively; fat content 9.04(±0.14) g/100g and 6.01(±0.06) g/100g, respectively. Lupine seeds rich in leucine, lysine and proline: 4.168; 4.059 and 2.620 (g/100 g) respectively. This work made it possible, using the experimental design method, to carry out eighteen trials of dessert cream formulated with different concentrations of lupin milk. The reduction of the quantity of sucrose used to 7.15% instead of 11% and the use of 3.85% Stevia rebaudiana extract have resulted in a dessert cream that is lighter in sugar. The chemical properties of the formulated tests revealed a high protein content ranging from 8.36 to 16.25 g/100 g and a fat content ranging from 3.50 to 4.92 g/100 g. Finally an optimal formula was developed with good sensory characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hairs collected from 257 Mexican women, residing in Mexico City, were characterized by instrumental measurements for comparison to more‐commonly reported Caucasian, Asian and African hairs. Subjects were subdivided into five age groups and their hairs were characterized by fibre dimension, shape and tensile strength. Results show that Mexican hair appears to be intermediate of Asian and Caucasian hair in diameter and cross‐sectional ellipticity. Such findings seem in line with the early and late ethnic origins of Mexican people. Results also illustrate and confirm the large intra‐ and inter‐individual variability within any single hair property. Unexpectedly high levels of hair tensile damage were sometimes encountered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquake loadings can reduce the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations due to the imposition of transient horizontal loads and moments arising from the inertia of the supported structure, inertial forces in the soil mass and strength reduction in the founding materials due to rapid cyclic loading. In this paper, the general bearing capacity equation is used to calculate the seismic bearing capacity of shallow foundations. To account for the effect of inertial forces in the soil mass, soil inertial factors for level and sloping ground are recommended and their significance to the seismic bearing capacity is assessed. This paper provides a straightforward method to calculate seismic bearing capacity for the seismic design of shallow foundations within the limitations of pseudo-static analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contents The goals of this study were as follows: (Experiment 1) to examine the basic capability of canine corpora lutea (CL) to respond to GnRH by assessing expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor ( GnRH-R) in luteal samples collected throughout the luteal lifespan from non-pregnant dogs, and (Experiment 2) to investigate the effects of pre-pubertal application of the GnRH agonist deslorelin acetate on luteal function following the first oestrus. Mature CL were collected during the mid-luteal phase (days 30-45) from treated and control bitches. Transcript levels of several factors were determined: estrogen receptors ( ESR1/ERα, ESR2/ERβ ), progesterone (P4)-receptor ( PGR), prolactin receptor ( PRLR), PGE2-synthase ( PTGES) and PGE2 receptors ( PTGER2/EP2, PTGER4/EP4), vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGFA) and VEGF receptors ( VEGFR1 and VEGFR2), cyclooxygenase 2 ( COX2/PTGS2), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein ( STAR) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD). Additionally, levels of Kisspeptin 1 ( Kiss1) and its receptor ( KISS1-R) were evaluated. Although generally low, GnRH-R expression was time dependent and was elevated during early dioestrus, with a significant decrease towards luteal regression. In deslorelin-treated and control dogs, its expression was either low or frequently below the detection limit. EP2 and VEGFR1 were higher in the treated group, which could be caused by a feedback mechanism after long-term suppression of reproductive activity. Despite large individual variations, 3βHSD was higher in the deslorelin-treated group. This, along with unchanged STAR expression, was apparently not mirrored in increased luteal functionality, because similar P4 levels were detected in both groups. Finally, the deslorelin-mediated long-term delay of puberty does not have negative carry-over effects on subsequent ovarian functionality in bitches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is accepted that inheritance is the primary cause of land fragmentation. The inheritance law is the leading significant cause of fragmentation or shrinking of land. Inheritance laws applied in most countries facilitate or demand the subdivision of holdings into equal parts among all heirs or in some countries among only sons. Intense fragmentation or shrinking of agricultural land is a significant problem in Turkey. Inner-itance law in Turkey prescribes equal distribution of agricultural land which is subject to heritage. When there are disputes towards the inheritance distribution, the new owners submission of deed is not done. This situation brings out the truth that an agricultural land which seems as one piece is used by more than one person in reality. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate public and hidden joint ownership in the areas where land consolidation is done. As study field, the data related to Bursa-Karacabey Plain villages were used where the most intensive agricultural activities are done in Turkey. In the study area, in order to determine joint ownership which is off the record Ismetpasa, Beylik and Yenisaribey villages are chosen and survey study was applied. After land consolidation in this study area, heirs wanted to own agricultural lands even if the plots are small and joint because the lands gained value, production became easier and yields increased, and alternative production opportunities arose. As a result, it was concluded that, after land consolidation hidden joint ownership is still going on in parcels, real joint ownership condition is mostly not recorded to registry of deeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pile foundations are usually used to transmit foundation loads through soil strata of low bearing capacity to deeper soil or rock strata with a higher bearing capacity and stiffness. The type and size of a pile foundation that supports midrise buildings in high-risk seismic zones can alter the dynamic characteristics of the soil--pile--foundation system during an earthquake due to soil--structure interaction. To investigate these phenomena, a 15-story moment-resisting frame sitting on differently sized end-bearing and floating pile foundations was simulated numerically. The present paper describes a numerical modeling technique for the simulation of complex seismic soil--pile--structure interaction phenomena. By adopting a method of direct calculation, the numerical model can perform a fully nonlinear time history dynamic analysis to realistically simulate the dynamic behavior of soil, pile foundations, and structure under seismic excitations. This three-dimensional (3D) numerical model accounts for the nonlinear behavior of the soil medium, the piles, and the structural elements. Results show that the type and size of the pile elements influence the dynamic characteristics and seismic response of the building due to interaction between the soil, pile foundations, and the structure. The findings of this study can help engineers select the correct size and type of pile foundation while considering the seismic performance of buildings sitting on soft soil and aim at optimizing their design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contents Uterine tissue was collected from bitches after ovariohysterectomy at different times after ovulation. Samples were assigned to four groups: metestrous non-pregnant, day 10-12, n = 4; pre-implantation, day 10-12, n = 9; post-implantation, day 18-25, n = 13; mid-gestation, day 30-40, n = 7. RT- qPCR detection was performed for kiss1 and the G protein-coupled receptor 54 ( GPR54, specific receptor for kisspeptin). In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed for detection of kisspeptin-10 ( KP-10), GPR54, as well as pan-cytokeratin and vimentin. The latter two were included to differentiate the different placental cell types. The percentage of positive stained cells was evaluated, and an immunoreactivity score ( IRS) was obtained by multiplying the labelling intensity score (0-3) with the percentage of immunolabelled cells (range: 0-300). In non-pregnant and pre-implantation tissues, gene expression was highly variable for kiss1 and GPR54. Expression of GPR54 was higher before embryo adhesion than during post-implantation and mid-gestation ( p < .05), whereas there was no difference found between groups for kiss1. Except during the pre-implantation period, KP-10 expression was higher in the non-pregnant uterus compared to all gestational periods investigated, indicating a pregnancy-related downregulation. In the pre-implantation period, KP-10 was present in larger vessels only, whereas the presence of GPR54 in vessels was found in all samples, with most labelling in the post-implantation period. KP-10 was present in superficial uterine glands, GPR54 in superficial and deep uterine glands of the post-implantation uterus. In myocytes, the highest staining for KP-10 was seen in the non-pregnant uterus, whereas the highest staining for GPR54 was seen in post-implantation and mid-gestation. Syncytiotrophoblast cells stained for both KP-10 and GPR54 in post-implantation and mid-gestation, with maximum intensity for GPR54 in the latter. We conclude that KP-10 and GPR54 are expressed in the canine uterus and trophoblast cells. However, during pregnancy, expression of both proteins seems to be differentially regulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stimulus and location specificity are long considered hallmarks of visual perceptual learning. This renders visual perceptual learning distinct from other forms of learning, where generalization can be more easily attained, and therefore unsuitable for practical applications, where generalization is key. Based on the hypotheses derived from the structure of the visual system, we test here whether stimulus variability can unlock generalization in perceptual learning. We train subjects in orientation discrimination, while we vary the amount of variability in a task-irrelevant feature, spatial frequency. We find that, independently of task difficulty, this manipulation enables generalization of learning to new stimuli and locations, while not negatively affecting the overall amount of learning on the task. We then use deep neural networks to investigate how variability unlocks generalization. We find that networks develop invariance to the task-irrelevant feature when trained with variable inputs. The degree of learned invariance strongly predicts generalization. A reliance on invariant representations can explain variability-induced generalization in visual perceptual learning. This suggests new targets for understanding the neural basis of perceptual learning in the higher-order visual cortex and presents an easy-to-implement modification of common training paradigms that may benefit practical applications. • Hallmark specificities of visual learning are overcome by variable training • Simulations allocate this effect to invariant neurons • Differential location and feature transfer suggest a flexible locus of plasticity Manenti et al. find that training with variability overcomes the stimulus and location specificity of perceptual learning. Generalization also occurs in deep neural networks and relies on neurons invariant to task-irrelevant features. The data suggest that variability determines the involvement of invariant neurons and thus the locus of plasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary This note describes nTracer, an ImageJ plug-in for user-guided, semi-automated tracing of multispectral fluorescent tissue samples. This approach allows for rapid and accurate reconstruction of whole cell morphology of large neuronal populations in densely labeled brains. Availability and implementation nTracer was written as a plug-in for the open source image processing software ImageJ. The software, instructional documentation, tutorial videos, sample image and sample tracing results are available at https://www.cai-lab.org/ntracer-tutorial. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]