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The article focuses on improving Query-by-Document (QBD) retrieval, a challenging task in information retrieval, by proposing a Re-Ranker based on the Proportional Relevance Score (RPRS) to compute relevance between queries and candidate documents. RPRS significantly outperforms existing models on various datasets, offering high efficiency with a complexity of O(N) and addressing the low-resource training issue in QBD retrieval tasks.

Fibrosis refers to excessive build‐up of scar tissue and extracellular matrix components in different organs. In recent years, it has been revealed that different cytokines and chemokines, especially Transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) is involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. It has been shown that TGF‐β is upregulated in fibrotic tissues, and contributes to fibrosis by mediating pathways that are related to matrix preservation and fibroblasts differentiation. There is no doubt that antioxidants protect against different inflammatory conditions by reversing the effects of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur‐based reactive elements. Oxidative stress has a direct impact on chronic inflammation, and as results, prolonged inflammation ultimately results in fibrosis. Different types of antioxidants, in the forms of vitamins, natural compounds or synthetic ones, have been proven to be beneficial in the protection against fibrotic conditions both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we reviewed the role of different compounds with antioxidant activity in induction or inhibition of TGF‐β/SMAD signalling pathway, with regard to different fibrotic conditions such as gastro‐intestinal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, skin fibrosis, renal fibrosis and also some rare cases of fibrosis, both in animal models and cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have revealed the impact of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the carcinogenic process. miR-424 is a miRNA whose role in this process is being to be identified. Experiments in the ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, neuroblastoma, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, hemangioma and gastric cancer have reported down-regulation of miR-424. On the other hand, this miRNA has been found to be up-regulated in melanoma, laryngeal and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, glioma, multiple myeloma and thyroid cancer. Expression of this miRNA is regulated by methylation status of its promoter. Besides, LINC00641, CCAT2, PVT1, LIN00657, LINC00511 and NNT-AS1 are among lncRNAs that act as molecular sponges for miR-424, thus regulating its expression. Moreover, several members of SNHG family of lncRNAs have been found to regulate expression of miR-424. This miRNA is also involved in the regulation of E2F transcription factors. The current review aims at summarization of the role of miR-424 in the process of cancer evolution and its impact on clinical outcome of patients in order to find appropriate markers for malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sarcopenia is an elderly disease and is related to frailty and loss of muscle mass (atrophy) of older adults. The exact molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of disease are yet to be discovered. In recent years, the role of noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis of almost every kind of malignant and nonmalignant conditions is pinpointed. Regarding their regulatory function, there have been an increased number of studies on the role of noncoding RNAs in the progress of sarcopenia. In this manuscript, we review the role of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in development and progression of disease. We also discuss their potential as therapeutic targets in this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZEB1 Antisense RNA 1 (ZEB1-AS1) is a type of RNA characterized as long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). This lncRNA has important regulatory roles on its related gene, Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox 1 (ZEB1). In addition, role of ZEB1-AS1 has been approved in diverse malignancies such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer, glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancer. ZEB1-AS1 serves as a sponge for a number of microRNAs, namely miR-577, miR-335–5p, miR-101, miR-505–3p, miR‐455–3p, miR-205, miR-23a, miR-365a-3p, miR-302b, miR-299–3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-200a, miR-200c, miR-342–3p, miR-214, miR-149–3p and miR-1224–5p. In addition to malignant conditions, ZEB1-AS1 has functional role in non-malignant conditions like diabetic nephropathy, diabetic lung, arthrosclerosis, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, pulmonary fibrosis and ischemic stroke. This review outlines different molecular mechanisms of ZEB1-AS1 in a variety of disorders and highlights its importance in their pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NCK1 Antisense RNA 1 (NCK1-AS1), alternatively named as NCK1-DT, is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) with important roles in the carcinogenesis. Multiple studies verified its oncogenic role in different types of cancer, including gastric cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, glioma, prostate cancer and cervical cancer. NCK1-AS1 functions as a sponge for several microRNAs, including miR-137, miR-22–3p, miR-526b-5p, miR-512–5p, miR-138–2–3p and miR-6857. In this review we present an outline of NCK1-AS1 function in malignant conditions as well as atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]