Search

This paper analyzes the concept of the "Archaic" and its characteristics within the context of Colombian archaeology since the mid-twentieth century. It highlights some challenges that the termimplies for archaeological research. Finally, potential application of this category in Amazonian archaeology is explored, concluding that its use hinders a proper analysis of the issues currently under study in the region.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo analiza el concepto de «Arcaico» y sus características en el contexto de la arqueología colombiana, desde mediados del siglo XX, en la arqueología colombiana. Se valoran las dificultades que el uso del mismo implicó para el desarrollo de la investigación. Finalmente, se examina la posibilidad del empleo de esta categoría en el contexto de la arqueología amazónica para concluir que su empleo impide un adecuado análisis de los problemas que se estudian en el presente en la región.

Copyright of Moderna Sprak is the property of Institutionen for Moderna Sprak and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The history of maize in Central America and surrounding areas has implications for the slow transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture. The spread of early forms of domesticated maize from southern Mexico across Mesoamerica and into South America has been dated to about 8,700–6,500 years ago on the basis of a handful of studies relying primarily on the analysis of pollen, phytoliths, or starch grains. Recent genomic data from southern Belize have been used to identify Archaic period south-to-north population movements from lower Central America, suggesting this migration pattern as a mechanism that introduced genetically improved maize races from South America. Gradually, maize productivity increased to the point that it was suitable for use as a staple crop. Here we present a summary of paleoecological data that support the late and uneven entry of maize into the Maya area relative to other regions of Central America and identify the Pacific coastal margin as the probable route by which maize spread southward into Panama and South America. We consider some implications of the early appearance of maize for Late Archaic populations in these areas; for example, with respect to the establishment of sedentary village life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of obsidian artifacts (n = 142) from the preceramic levels of the San Gregorio Atlapulco site, in Xochimilco, Mexico City, was studied with portable X-ray fluorescence analysis (pXRF) through the analysis of 10 chemical elements (Mn, Fe, Zn, Ga, Th, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb); this research has made it possible to identify the elemental composition of each of the artifacts and to make comparisons with obsidian from systematically sampled deposits. The results indicate a broad dominance of the Soltepec subsource in Otumba (94%), in addition to two other minor sources that include Pachuca. These findings have important implications for the interaction processes of the preceramic groups living in the Basin of Mexico during the Middle Holocene and give us insight into the importance of the obsidian of Otumba during the Archaic period and the formation of early exchange networks that would continue during the Formative period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the abundance of lithic debitage at preceramic sites in the Maya Lowlands, these data have rarely been studied in detail. We analyzed the chipped chert debitage from Caye Coco and Fred Smith, two Archaic period sites in the Freshwater Creek drainage of northern Belize, to evaluate strategies of lithic raw material procurement, stone tool production, and tool use. The technological and use-wear analyses of the debitage demonstrate that the sites' inhabitants procured most of their tool stone from the Northern Belize Chert-bearing Zone (NBCZ) and relied on hard-hammer percussion to produce flakes for use as expedient tools and some crude bifaces and unifaces. Although similar patterns of raw material procurement and tool production are demonstrated at both sites, some differences exist, including bipolar reduction at Caye Coco. Based on use-wear analysis, the debitage at the island site of Caye Coco was primarily used for working wood, shell, and hard contact materials and for digging soil. On the shore at Fred Smith, most use-wear is consistent with working wood, plants, and hard contact materials, as well as digging soil. For both sites, analyses suggest the increasing importance of a horticultural subsistence strategy with reduced mobility and reliance on some cultigens that were locally produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After decades of study, much remains unknown about the foraging practices of the earliest inhabitants of Puerto Rico. Here, we present an analysis of the malacological assemblages of two neighboring and (partially) contemporary early sites from the island's southwest, finding intriguing intersite differences in shellfish collection practices. We attribute this diversity to differences in site type, chronology, or changes in local coastal configuration. This work not only provides insights into prehistoric Puerto Rican foraging dynamics but also demonstrates the importance of considering factors including intra-age chronology, site type, and changes in paleoenvironmental conditions when considering ancient foraging practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frédéric Engel (1981:24), el pionero de los estudios del Precerámico en el Perú, argumentó que la distribución de los sitios arqueológicos durante el Holoceno temprano fue determinada por “la capacidad de las lomas” –oasis estacionales producidos por la humedad oceánica que están presentes a lo largo de la costa del Perú– una proposición que aún se encuentra en debate. Nosotros evaluaremos las ideas de Engel basándonos en datos de sitios arqueológicos del Precerámico Medio (hasta 4500 años cal AP) ubicados dentro y cerca de las lomas de la costa sur del Perú.

Frequently defined by critics as an artist of “archaic” production, the naturalized Italian German Massimo Campigli (1895-1971), sought to enhance this idea to the point of overflowing it, associating it with his own personality throughout his artistic trajectory. The sense of “archaic”, “ancient” or “Etruscan” was in constant change or being incorporated into other definitions over the years for the artist, but it served him, at first, as a powerful tool of insertion in the Parisian artistic milieu and in the projection of his name under the Fascist Regime, while, in the second post-war period, it was used as a way to move away from productions associated with the Regime. To approach these issues, we will discuss Campigli’s production within his critical fortune, autobiographical writings and the artistic context in which he was operating.

The pioneer of Preceramic archaeology in Peru, Frédéric Engel (1981: 24), argued that archaeological site distribution during the Early Holocene, was defined by the 'fog oasis situation' of lomas -the seasonal oases sustained by ocean fogs that flourish along the arid Pacific coast of Peru- a proposition that remains much debated. Here we reassess Engel's ideas using archaeological findings from Middle Preceramic archaeological sites (to c. 4500 cal BP) from alongside and within the lomas of the south coast of Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o fenômeno das automutilações na adolescência a partir da articulação do registro do corpo à dimensão arcaica do tempo. As automutilações se caracterizam pelo ato de ferir o próprio corpo voluntariamente, sem intenção consciente de morte. É através do corpo que se manifesta um sofrimento que ultrapassa os limites psíquicos do sujeito, encontrando uma via de expressão radical daquilo que o faz sofrer. O caráter radical desta resposta aponta para a complexidade dos primórdios da constituição psíquica. Neste cenário, propõe-se compreender as automutilações na adolescência como uma via atual através da qual algumas vivências da ordem do arcaico se apresentariam. Elas conjugariam, em um curto-circuito do tempo, passado e presente, abrindo caminhos para a ressignificação de vivências irrepresentáveis.

During a 2016 archaeological salvage project in the municipality of San Francisco de Borja, Chihuahua, the mummified head of an adult military macaw (Ara militaris) was recorded from a rock shelter. Because of their aesthetic beauty and colorful plumage, macaws occupied an important place within the collective imagination of the pre-Hispanic communities. Macaws and macaw feathers also were important ritual and social symbols, often used in Pueblo ceremonial regalia. Radiocarbon analysis of the macaw has produced a Late Archaic calibrated date range of 150 BC – AD 20, making this the earliest macaw by several hundred years in northwestern Mexico or the southwestern United States. Stable carbon isotopes in this macaw were comparable to maize-fed domesticated turkeys from the Southwest suggesting some form of animal husbandry by this time. Our discussion includes comparison with the handful of other military macaws from pre-Hispanic contexts in northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estilos da Clínica is the property of FEUSP - Faculdade de Educacao da USP - Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Here we report the discovery of an Archaic period stemmed and barbed point from the site of Tenam Puente, Chiapas, Mexico. The point was discovered in the rubble fill used to modify a large Late Classic to Early Postclassic period plaza. The point bears a strong resemblance to Lowe points (12000-9300 CalBP) recovered from Belize, and Pedernales-style points discovered elsewhere in Mesoamerica (8700 CalBP). It is the second point of this style identified from highland Chiapas to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabajo es resultado del proyecto de Inventario Nacional del Arte rupestre de Paraguay, con el que empezamos a llenar el vacío de conocimiento e investigación arqueológica sobre el arte rupestre y el periodo Arcaico (Holoceno antiguo y medio) en la cuenca del Paraguay. Publicamos uno de los abrigos catalogados en el cerro Guasú, y relacionamos los grabados parietales (petroglifos) con el depósito arqueológico del abrigo. Este cerro es Jasuka Venda, el monte sagrado de los Paî Tavyterâ, pueblo guaraní cuyo territorio tradicional abarcaba el norte de Paraguay oriental y zonas limítrofes de Brasil. El abrigo presenta más de mil trescientos grabados que representan pisadas animales y humanas, vulvas y signos abstractos.La excavación arqueológica dio un único nivel de ocupación con industria lítica sobre lascas planoconvexas (tradicionalmente limaces o lesmas) y puntas bifaciales. Se halló un hogar datado por termoluminiscencia en 5212± 323 BP, lo que remite al Arcaico / Holoceno Medio, al que asignamos los grabados y, en general, todo el conjunto del estilo de pisadas inventariado en Paraguay en doce sitios. Esta datación absoluta es la más antigua para este estilo o tradición en el continente, y permite pensar en el Amambay como un área nuclear en la elaboración y la dispersión del discurso y de los temas gráficos del arte rupestre de estilo de pisadas en América del sur, el único tipo de arte presente en gran parte del continente. This paper is the result of the project of the National Inventory of the Rock Art of Paraguay, with which we begin to fill the knowledge and archaeological research vacuum on rock art and the Archaic Period (Lower and Middle Holocene) in thebasin of Paraguay river. The paper presents one of the rock shelters catalogued in Cerro Guasú, and links the parietal engravings (petroglyphs) to the archaeological deposit of the rock shelter. This hill is Jasuka Venda, the sacred mountain of the Paî Tavyterâ, a Guaraní people whose traditional territory extended over the North of Eastern Paraguay and bordering areas of Brazil. This shelter contains more than one thousand and three hundred engravings representing animal and human footprints, vulvae and abstract signs.The archaeological excavation performed resulted in an only occupation level, with lithic industry on planoconvex flakes (known as limaces or slug-shaped tools) and bifacial points. A hearth was discovered whose base was dated by TL in 5,212±323 BP, which refers to Middle Archaic / Holocene Period, to which we ascribe the engravings and, in general, all the ‘footprint style’ rock art inventoried in twelve sites in Paraguay. This absolute dating is the oldest one for this style or tradition in the continent, and it allows to think in Amambay as a core area in the elaboration and dissemination of the narrative and graphic topics of the footprint style rock art in south America, the only type of rock art present in the majority of the continent.

En los años sesenta, Reichel-Dolmatoff apli - có el esquema evolutivo de la arqueología americana, con el fin de ordenar la profun - didad temporal del mundo prehispánico en Colombia. Sin embargo, uno de los perio - dos más ambiguos en su definición fue el Arcaico, principalmente por la falta de datos para la época. Cincuenta años después, el panorama ha cambiado y actualmente se cuenta con un volumen de evidencias sufi - ciente para entender mejor un periodo cla - ve en la historia prehispánica, caracterizado por la diversidad cultural, vista en perspecti - va espacial, y la plasticidad de las estrategias adaptativas de los diferentes grupos, entre las que cabe destacar el origen de la pro - ducción de alimentos.

The sites of the so-called Archaic period (c. 9000-2000 BCE) have been scarcely investigated in Mexico in the last two decades. However, they are important for understanding the development of sedentary communities and plant domestication that allowed the emergence of urban centers in Mesoamerica. In this study we present the results of our research in La Encañada, a cave west of Ocozocoautla, in the Central Depression of Chiapas, occupied during the Middle Holocene (c. 7000-2200 BCE). The study of lithic artifacts suggests the exploitation of plant resources and medium-size fauna in a period characterized by the first evidence of extensive agriculture (slash-and-burn) in the tropical lowlands of Mexico and Central America. The analysis of lithic materials indicates the probable heat treatment of the local raw material (flint) for the manufacture of artifacts, and the use-wear analysis mainly shows the processing of wood and vegetable materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article advances research related to fieldwork that has been conducted at the site of the Cueva de los Hacheros, in Michoacan, Mexico. This paper presents initial data, radiocarbon dates, and some analysis of the materials found in the cave. This preliminary analysis indicates a long history of human occupation at the site, from the Archaic period to the pre-Hispanic period. The paper highlights some elements that may indicate one of the oldest human occupations known within the territory of Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Atacameños is the property of Estudios Atacamenos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Constitutional History / Giornale di Storia Costituzionale is the property of Giornale di Storia Costituzionale (Journal of Constitutional History) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Uma das questões mais urgentes dos estudos e da prática envolvendo a crítica literária dos últimos sessenta anos é recuperar sua potência de intervir no tempo presente. Walter Benjamin, antevendo no próprio expressionismo o declínio dessa capacidade de intervenção e de leitura do presente, já assinalava que mesmo o barroco alemão sendo um “viver através”, isto é um Fortleben, do expressionismo, esse viver perdurado não possuía a mesma capacidade de intervenção e força coletiva que aquela arte seiscentista produzira em sua sociedade.

Se analizan las puntas de proyectil en "mandorla" recuperadas en un depósito intencional de múltiples artefactos del sitio Inca Cueva 7 (Puna de Jujuy, Argentina), datado ca. 4000 años AP. El análisis se centra en su diseño y en sus alternativas de uso, entendiendo por éstas el modo en que pudieron utilizarse ambos extremos de cada punta. Para mostrar las características de este diseño se incluye la comparación con un conjunto de piezas en "mandorla" del sitio Camarones 14 (costa del norte de Chile) y se realizan diversas pruebas estadísticas. Por último, considerando las características de tres ejemplares recuperados del sitio argentino, se discuten sus ventajas en maximizar el rendimiento de las puntas y de los intermediarios de astil.Mandorla projectile points recovered in a ca. 4000 years BP intentional deposit of artifacts from the Inca Cueva 7 site (Puna of Jujuy, Argentina), are analyzed. They are studied in terms of their design and use alternatives, because it could be used one extreme or the other, turning the points at the foreshaft; besides these artifacts could be the result of resharpening of blades and/or shafted parts. We include a comparison between mandorla projectile points from Inca Cueva 7 site and mandorla artifacts from Camarones 14 site (Northern Chile). Several statistical tests are performed. Then, the benefits to maximize the performance of foreshaft, are discussed on the basis of the characteristics of three specimens recovered from the Argentinian site studied.

En este artículo se demuestra que el contraste entre lo arcaico y lo moderno en la cultura andina no es presentado por Vargas Llosa solo como una oposición entre dos tipos de racionalidad, la mítica vs la científica, sino entre dos modos de aproximación a la realidad disimétricos, que no poseen términos de comparación y que, por tanto, serían tanto ininteligibles entre sí, como incompatibles. Pero la incomprensión es más acusada desde el lado indígena, que desde el lado criollo, integrado a la vida moderna y a la cultura occidental. Desde la orilla de lo moderno se puede acceder a la captación de lo arcaico, mientras que desde la banda andina es imposible alcanzar el otro borde.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo procurar pelos Rastros Trágicos na Literatura Brasileira. Cotejamos o livro Lavoura Arcaica de Raduan Nassar perante as particularidades específicas da Tragédia Grega.

Se discute el concepto de Formativo, categoría que ha sido central en la definición de los procesos que se desarrollaron en América, pero que, en el estado actual de la cuestión, muestra su incapacidad para dar cuenta de la historia de los Andes entre el IV y II milenio AC. En contraposición, se propone exponer dentro de una matriz analítica y holística el proceso que podría entenderse como Formativo, con prescindencia de la cerámica, en los Andes Septentrionales y Centrales, partiendo de la tesis que sostiene que el desarrollo de los pueblos es necesariamente desigual, por la resolución de las condiciones materiales diversas, y que la historia puede registrar la articulación de tales procesos generando historias combinadas que hacen posible la generalización de las experiencias.In this paper we discuss the concept of Formative. Although a fundamental category which characterized processes that took place in America, nowadays this concept seems inapropiate to take account for the Andean history between the IV and II millenium BC. In contrast, and under a holistic and analytic matrix, we describe a process that may be understood, as formative-without considering the pottery, in the Northern and Central Andean regions. We start considering the thesis that people development was uneven by solving a variety of material conditions. Therefore, history may record the articulations of these processes generating combined histories allowing the generalization of these experiences.

Copyright of Recherches Amérindiennes au Québec is the property of Societe Recherches Autochtones au Quebec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Não disponível

Copyright of Estudios Atacameños is the property of Estudios Atacamenos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

È un itinerario attraverso i tre grandi scrittori siciliani, tre modi diversi di contemplare il male e l’infelicità che attanagliano il mondo e la storia. Mentre Verga assume un atteggiamento di rassegnazione, Pirandello, logico e laico, vuole invece capire le «ragioni per cui la sentenza è stata pronunciata». Sciascia va più in là e cerca di individuarne i responsabili.