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Background and aims Design, setting and participants Measurements Findings Conclusions Child maltreatment is an important component of alcohol’s harm to others. No previous studies have assessed the association between multiple parental alcohol events and child maltreatment. This study aimed to measure the impact of parental alcohol‐attributable events on the incidence rate of child maltreatment events over the span of childhood and adolescence in New Zealand.Longitudinal analysis using the birth cohort data of all live births (n = 58 359) in New Zealand in 2000, with the cohort followed until age 17 years using linked data from the Statistics New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) from 1995 to 2017.Zero‐inflated negative binomial and count regression models were used to measure the association between the number of child maltreatment events [collected from publicly funded hospital discharges, Programme for the Integration of Mental Health Data (PRIMHD), Oranga Tamariki, Children’s Action Plan (CAP) and police data sets] and parental exposure to alcohol‐attributable hospitalization or service use for mental health/addiction. Potential confounders were included for parents and children.Of 58 359 children in the cohort, 86% (50 319) had not experienced any documented maltreatment events. Among those at risk of being maltreated children, the maltreatment incidence rate ratio increased by 35.2% (95% confidence interval = 18.1–55.6%) if a child was exposed to parental alcohol‐attributable hospitalization or service use for mental health addiction events. For each additional parental alcohol‐attributable hospitalization or service use for mental health or addiction, the risk of being maltreated children increased by 12.8%.In New Zealand, hazardous alcohol consumption by parents appears to be associated with child maltreatment alongside other contributing factors, in particular parental lower educational attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic catalysed a time of significant upheaval and change at multiple levels of politics and society. Early on, connections were made with the climate crisis. This featured strongly in global calls for a green recovery and the opportunities for pandemic stimulus to spur co‐benefits with climate action. Highlighting the global and cascading nature of crises in the Anthropocene, the pandemic provided an opportunity to shed light on the political and societal determinants of multiple crises and the often temporary hopes for transformation that arise in their wake. While there is much literature on how crises provide these ‘windows of opportunity’ for attention and resources, there is much less attention on how the experience of, and discourses associated with, an emergent crisis reframe the politics of more chronic ones. This paper uses an analysis of media articles released during the pandemic in Aotearoa New Zealand to analyse the ways that COVID‐19 reframed narratives relating to climate change politics in four key ways: the possibilities for collective action, the need for greater ambition, threats to progress and premonitions of future crises. We argue that these new narratives offer insights into how the place‐specific experience and response to one crisis can reframe another, and which narratives may become elevated or obscured. In doing so, we demonstrate how the pandemic acted as more than a window of opportunity, becoming a temporary catalyst for new framings of the climate crisis and crisis‐driven political change more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In Aotearoa New Zealand, co-payments to see a general practitioner (GP, family doctor) or collect a prescription are payable by virtually all adults. Objective To examine the extent to which these user co-payments are a barrier to accessing health care, focussing on inequities for indigenous Māori. Methods Pooled data from sequential waves (years) of the New Zealand Health Survey, 2011/12 to 2018/19 were analysed. Outcomes were self-reported cost barriers to seeing a GP or collecting a prescription in the previous year. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of barriers to care for Māori compared with non-Māori, sequentially adjusting for additional explanatory variables. Results Pooled data included 107,231 people, 22,292 (21%) were Māori. Across all years, 22% of Māori (13% non-Māori) experienced a cost barrier to seeing a GP, and 14% of Māori (5% non-Māori) reported a cost barrier to collecting a prescription. The age- and wave-adjusted OR comparing Māori/non-Māori was 1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61, 1.81) for the cost barrier to primary care and 2.97 (95% CI: 2.75, 3.20) for the cost barrier to collecting prescriptions. Sociodemographics accounted for about half the inequity for both outcomes; in a fully adjusted model, age, sex, low income, and poorer underlying health were determinants of both outcomes, and deprivation was additionally associated with the cost barrier to collecting a prescription but not to seeing a GP. Conclusions Māori experience considerable inequity in access to primary health care; evidence supports an urgent need for change to system funding to eliminate financial barriers to care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Aotearoa New Zealand, midwifery mentoring aims to develop professional confidence and is formalised in a number of programmes to support sustainable midwifery practice in different settings. Mentoring is shown to be beneficial for mentee midwives, but little is known about the impact on the person who is doing the mentoring. Aim: To explore the key attributes that underpin midwifery mentoring in Aotearoa New Zealand from the mentors’ perspective; how these are applied by mentors within the mentoring relationship; and what impact this has on them professionally. Method: This qualitative research used focus groups with mentor midwives identified from the Find Your Mentor database. A semi-structured topic guide used seven simple open-ended questions to stimulate discussion. Discussions were transcribed and analysed using the 6 steps of Braun and Clarke’s (2006) inductive thematic analysis. Findings: Four main themes were identified. The mentors described Creating an empowered, safe space in which power was balanced with trust and respect, and confidentiality built so that experiences could be shared and reflections supported. The second theme identified the mentors’ role in Building a support infrastructure which focused firstly on the mentees’ development, ensuring professional knowledge and professional responsibilities were met, and secondly on building a network of professional relationships to enable safe practice. The third theme Supporting professional cohesion described how the mentors and the profession benefit from the understanding and acceptance of different ways of practising midwifery and different midwifery roles as seen through the mentees’ lens. The final theme Sustaining midwifery practice described how mentoring keeps mentors up to date and that, by supporting the work-life balance of the mentees, they also reflect on their own work-life balance and holistic wellbeing. The enthusiasm of the mentored midwives affirmed and fed the mentors’ own passion for their roles as both a midwife and a mentor, and reflected positively for the health of the profession. Conclusion: Midwifery mentoring relationships benefit both mentees and mentors, and support cohesion and sustainability within the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Midwives in Aotearoa New Zealand, regardless of the setting, practise within a model of midwifery partnership. Soliciting feedback on practice provides an essential mechanism for midwives to work towards improving their practice. The New Zealand College of Midwives provides such a process for consumers of midwifery services to give feedback on their experiences directly to the midwife, via online consumer feedback forms. Aim: To identify the characteristics of midwifery care that contribute to positive and negative midwifery care relationships within the hospital setting. Methods: A retrospective mixed methods approach was used to analyse the consumer feedback on hospital midwives received between 1 January and 31 December, 2019. Quantitative data from feedback forms were analysed descriptively in combination with an iterative and reflexive thematic approach for the qualitative data. The analysis sought to identify characteristics of care that contributed to a positive or negative midwifery care experience in a hospital setting. Findings: There were 1,284 online feedback forms received for hospital midwives. The majority of respondents who completed feedback questionnaires were satisfied with their care (92%), reporting that hospital midwives provided information/explanations to support informed decision-making (94.0%), that they felt involved in planning/decisions about their care (93.7%) and that they experienced respect for decisions made (93.7%); these characteristics having the highest levels of agreement. Via qualitative analysis, we identified four key themes as contributing to the midwifery care experience in a hospital setting. Positive experience themes included: Building trust quickly, Respecting decision-making and Fostering maternal confidence, resulting in Meaningful partnerships. The negative experience themes were found to be the inverse of a positive midwifery care experience in a hospital setting. Specifically, these were: Not giving time and Judgement and disrespect, resulting in an Unsafe space and an Absence of partnership. Conclusion: The data from consumer feedback forms for 2019 affirm that the quality of the relationship with a hospital midwife is important in shaping the maternity care experience of women and birthing whānau in Aotearoa New Zealand. The characteristics of care that contribute to a positive midwifery care relationship in hospital reflect the principles outlined in the model of midwifery partnership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses ‘transition’ within feminist media activism by exploring how archival material is reanimated and mobilized within contemporary forms of online activism. Recent scholarship examining the ‘archival turn’ in feminism has illustrated the potential of archives to intervene in the political present, yet the uptake of archival material within online media generates ambiguous and contentious outcomes. This article explores the controversial reanimation of the New Zealand feminist magazine Broadsheet (1972–1997) by a Facebook page titled ‘Broadsheet, New Zealand’s Feminist Magazine’ (2015). Using critical discourse analysis to examine comments made by followers of the page, I explore how the promotion of increasingly hostile trans-exclusionary radical feminist (TERF) discourses precipitated contention over the legitimacy of the page’s affiliation with Broadsheet. Conspicuously absent from these discussions is Broadsheet’s archival material itself, despite its recent digitization. Instead, commenters invoke experiences and memories of Broadsheet to either validate the Broadsheet Facebook page or to substantiate claims that it appropriates the magazine’s name and legacy. I argue, therefore, that feminists’ engagement with archival materials is structured by nostalgia, whether remembered, encountered, or culturally learned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article interrogates historical photographs exhibited at public heritage sites in Aotearoa New Zealand. The analysis reveals that – by portraying 19th-century environmental change as a 'heroic' narrative of 'progress' – the photographs construct New Zealand national identity in opposition to nature, rather than promote a sense of connectedness with the natural environment. The article thus makes three important contributions to the literature on the visualization of environmental and climate change. First, the empirical case study demonstrates that visual narratives shape our social identities in relation to nature. Second, the article adds a rare socio-semiotic analysis to the environmental communication literature, highlighting that photographs have to be examined through multimodal methods and in relation to wider discursive processes of meaning making. Third, by borrowing ideas from the literature on collective memory, the article shows that, even though they depict scenes that are set in the distant past, historical photographs can still influence environmental attitudes and behaviours in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although awareness and understanding of LGBTIQ+ people's experiences of homelessness are rising, their broader housing experiences remain under‐researched. This paper uses qualitative interview data to explore takatāpui and LGBTIQ+ people's experiences of housing instability in Aotearoa New Zealand. In expanding the focus to housing instability, this paper explores how LGBTIQ+ people experience and navigate the housing system, which sheds light on the upstream factors that contribute to the disproportionately high rates of homelessness amongst LGBTIQ+ communities worldwide. A reflexive thematic analysis of the data generated four themes to takatāpui and LGBTIQ+ people's experiences of housing instability; personal experiences are political, survival within inequitable systems is nuanced, instability is relational, and selfhood is mediated through instability. These results highlight the impact of policy and structural failures on LGBTIQ+ communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GeoNet programme at GNS Science has monitored and managed data for volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides, and tsunami in Aotearoa New Zealand since 2001. Volcano monitoring data are collected from seismometers, acoustic sensors, GNSS receivers, webcams, remote gas monitoring sensors, and a range of environmental sensors, as well as manually during visits to volcanoes. The primary user of volcano data is the internal cross-specialised Volcano Monitoring Group (VMG), which fulfils the role of the national volcano observatory. GeoNet concentrates on automatic data collection and analysis, while supporting members of the VMG with manual data collection and interpretation. The application of open-data principles to both data and metadata has always been a core aspect of GeoNet; responses have been overwhelmingly positive, despite concerns regarding some high value, manually collected datasets. The website www.geonet.org.nz represents the primary data access portal. Data analysis and delivery applications are organised by data type rather than hazard, with no volcano-specific data applications. Most datasets have web-based and API delivery application options; both provide standard data formats from a cloud-based archive. One of the challenges for volcano data collection and management has been shifting from a reliance on manually collected data to automatic collection. Additionally, awareness of important questions related to Indigenous Māori data governance is increasing, although the associated impact is not yet understood. Overall, the current centralised, cooperative volcano monitoring and data collection and management system, which benefits from improved efficiency, interoperability, and data quality, has proved effective in Aotearoa New Zealand. Ongoing work aims to ensure optimal data collection and management for volcano monitoring and downstream activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Located within feminist scholarship on sport, leisure and physical cultures, this article explores our attempts to understand what conducting 'research with responsibility' means as White, settler-coloniser, immigrant women researching surfing, place and community in Aotearoa New Zealand. Taking inspiration from Hamilton's 'intersectional reflexivity' and Māori feminist scholars' discussion of (de)colonizing methodologies, we discuss the development of our intersectional, collaborative methodology to understand our relationships to place, community and surfing. This co-ethnographic approach helped us navigate the ethics and challenges of knowledge production in Aotearoa New Zealand, and enabled us to be aware of, and open to, different worldviews and ways of knowing. We argue this methodology has value in developing better recognition of our own privileges; understanding of the intersectional politics-of-place we are part of as researchers, and as community members; and of the assumptions, motivations and values that inform our research practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In November 2020, the first woman Indigenous Minister of Foreign Affairs, Nanaia Mahuta, was appointed in Aotearoa New Zealand. Mahuta has reinforced the message of taking a values-based Indigenous-centred approach to foreign policy and development. She has also recognised the mana of wāhine (the unique spiritual authority of women), "not defined by western feminist thinking, but the values that have long underpinned our culture, histories and traditions". Her appointment reflects the complicated intersections of Indigeneity, colonialism, Western feminist discourse, and foreign policy in a settler-hegemonic state, and the possibilities (and constraints) for reimagined futures. How, then, can the teaching of gender and development (GAD) be attentive to these politics of settler-colonialism in Aotearoa? How can the complexities of the colonial project be reflected in GAD, and how can GAD be responsive to settler-hegemonic and Indigenous spaces? This paper will explore these questions and look at GAD's role in perpetuating or unsettling settler-colonialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban food growing has been promoted for its benefits of improved food security, governance and sovereignty, as well as providing opportunities for environmental education. Despite a resurgence of research into adults’ food-growing in urban environments, there is limited literature examining where and how children grow food, with whom, what it means to them, and what they want to know more about. Here we present the results of 20 focus groups with culturally-diverse urban primary school students (aged 5–11 years old) from across Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland, conducted as part of the 2022 Soilsafe Kids Three-Day Programme on soil education. We find that most often experiential gardening knowledge is passed on to children by older family members (typically parents), at home or at a family member’s residence. This study shows the significant value and importance of family/whānau-oriented learning, and of providing spaces for intergenerational gardening teaching and learning outside of school environments. It also points to the need for revised educational paradigms that enable culturally inclusive, intergenerational transfer of gardening knowledge in appropriate and non-extractive ways. Acknowledging that familial connections are stronger than school-based ones, we provoke an exploration of how school-based programmes can support and extend familial learning.

This research provides insight into current te reo Māori (the Indigenous language of Aotearoa, New Zealand) use in English-medium ECE settings. We videoed naturalistic conversations between kaiako (educators) and tamariki (aged 15–28 months) at 24 English-medium BestStart ECE centres. Te reo Māori was quantitatively assessed across five routines: kai (food) time, book time, group time, free play, and nappy change. The highest rates of te reo Māori use per minute were observed during the kai time, book time, and group time routines, respectively, and lowest during free play and nappy change. Although scripted/prepared te reo Māori use (e.g. karakia and waiata; prayer and song) were well used, opportunities for more complex and elaborate te reo Māori use remain. This research provides insight into the current use of te reo Māori in English-medium ECE settings, an enhanced understanding of kaiako contributions to te reo Māori revitalisation goals, and applications for practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through narrative interviews with 15 women with histories of imprisonment in Aotearoa New Zealand, this article explores the role of housing and 'home' in women's desistance. The article argues that safety and control are key psycho-social benefits of 'home' that support women's ontological security. The women's 'homes' – as sites of safety and control – could provide a space for them to construct drug and crime free identities and ultimately 'do' desistance. Moreover, their 'homes' became a physical manifestation or 'expression' of their changing identities which served to motivate and further reinforce their desistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As opposed to Western ideologies that promote unrestrained consumption of environmental resources, Indigenous or Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) encourages a more beneficial relationship with nature. In order to address underrepresented subjects and contexts, this article investigates the integration of TEK within political discourse by examining a corpus of speeches given by Aotearoa New Zealand former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Nanaia Mahuta, between 2020 and 2022. The study refers to the frameworks of ecolinguistics and Positive Discourse Analysis (PDA) to understand how Māori culture shapes Mahuta’s linguistic choices. Particularly, it focusses the attention on lexical and figurative items, drawing on the concepts of metaphor, framing, and intertextuality. Results show a considerable concern over the state of the environment in Mahuta’s speeches. Furthermore, they reveal the presence of an adaptation framing inspired by Indigenous thinking that acknowledges nature’s agency and complexity. The latter is used to conceptualise current environmental challenges and international cooperation directed at tackling them. Mahuta’s language ultimately supports the idea of interconnectedness within nature and offers as an instance of positive discourse in institutional settings.

This article discusses the Wellywood Romantic Comedy series (2015-2016) by New Zealand author Kate O’Keeffe as localized versions of the global chick-lit format. The novels filter prototypical concerns of the genre through a specific cultural nationalist lens and explore questions of national identity through their unique urban setting. I read the novels in the context of the city-branding initiatives aimed at consolidating New Zealand’s capital, Wellington, as a creative city. I also argue that the novels construct their protagonists as prototypical Kiwi heroines who confront their problems displaying prototypical Kiwi values like ingenuity, resourcefulness and pragmatism. Whereas the Wellington setting serves to interrogate the dominance of western chick-lit mega-cities, the discussion of local identity predicaments reveals exciting thematic expansions of the original formula. Yet, the novels’ potential to innovate is limited because both the urban setting and the identity predicaments of the characters reinforce mainstream visions of the city and the country’s hegemonic cultural narratives.

Simple Summary: This research is the first comprehensive study in New Zealand to categorise and examine the characteristics of breast cancer based on HER2 status. We explored three HER2 categories: HER2-zero, HER2-low, and HER2-positive, in women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Utilising Te Rēhita Mate Ūtaetae (Breast Cancer Foundation NZ National Register), our study analysed data spanning 21 years, revealing that most women underwent HER2 testing. Significantly, many cases previously not recognised as having significant HER2 levels were in fact HER2-low, qualifying them for newer, targeted drug therapies. These findings are particularly crucial as they suggest that newer therapies could benefit a larger segment of patients, notably those with advanced breast cancer; approximately 60% of these women might now benefit from these innovative HER2-targeted treatments. The study underscores the urgent need for standardised HER2 testing to personalise and optimise treatment, enhancing outcomes for patients with invasive breast cancer. Objectives: To perform the first national analysis of demographic and clinicopathological features associated with the HER2 positive, HER2-low, and HER2-zero invasive breast cancers in New Zealand. The study will reveal the proportion of women who may benefit from new HER2-targeted antibody drug conjugate (ADC) therapies. Methods: Utilising data from Te Rēhita Mate Ūtaetae (Breast Cancer Foundation NZ National Register), the study analysed data from women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer over a 21-year period. The HER2 status of tumours was classified into three categories—HER2-zero, HER2-low, HER2-positive. Results: From 2009–2021, 94% of women underwent HER2 testing, with 14% diagnosed with HER2-positive breast cancer. For advanced-stage disease, 38% of those formerly classified as HER2-negative were reclassified as HER2-low. Including HER2-positive breast cancers, this indicates that 60% of women with advanced breast cancer may potentially benefit from the new HER2-directed ADCs (approximately 120 women per year). Conclusions: The findings suggest a significant proportion of women with invasive breast cancer in New Zealand could benefit from new HER2-targeted treatments. There is a need to standardise HER2 testing to enhance personalised treatment and improve outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing evidence reports that social work students experience financial hardship and negative impacts on their health and wellbeing as they juggle study, paid work, and family commitments. Social work qualifying programmes require extended compulsory field placements, which increase students' financial stress and potentially exacerbate mental health vulnerabilities. A national survey of social work students and recent graduates in Aotearoa New Zealand, was conducted in 2019, gaining 353 responses, augmented by 31 semi-structured interviews. We report the analysis of both open-question survey and interview data related to students' experience of mental distress. The survey revealed that 58.4% of respondents had sought medical advice on mental health while a social work student. At the same time, 60% of participants who experienced significant anxiety, stress, or depression chose not to seek medical advice for their mental health. Cost and access were among the main reasons for not seeking help. However, more than one in four (28%) identified stigma and fear of career consequences as reasons for not seeking help. This finding has implications for social work education and needs further research and policy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Chronic limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI) is a significant life and limb-threatening condition. Two recent seminal trials, BEST-CLI and BASIL-2, have provided seemingly conflicting results concerning the optimal treatment modality for patients with CLTI. We sought to investigate the outcomes of patient undergoing infrainguinal bypass at two centres in Aotearoa New Zealand. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective review of all patients who underwent infrainguinal bypass grafting for CLTI at Auckland City Hospital and Waikato Hospital between January 2020 and December 2021 was performed. The primary outcome was a composite of death, above-ankle amputation, and major limb reintervention. The secondary outcome was minor limb reintervention. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to determine time to the primary and secondary endpoints. Demographic factors were examined using the log-rank test to examine the effect on the outcome. Results: One hundred and nineteen patients who underwent infrainguinal bypass for CLTI in the study period were identified. Of these, 93 patients had a bypass with ipsilateral or contralateral GSV. The median follow-up time was 1.85 years. The most common indication for surgery was tissue loss (69%, n = 63), with the most common distal bypass target being the below-knee popliteal artery (45%, n = 41). The primary composite outcome occurred in 42.8% of the cohort (n = 39). Death was the most common component of the primary outcome (26%, n = 24). Male sex (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26–0.88, p = 0.018) and statin use (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.24–0.98, p = 0.044) were independent predictors of protection from the composite outcome on multivariate analysis. Dialysis dependence (HR 3.32, 95% CI 1.23–8.99, p = 0.018) was an independent predictor for patients meeting the composite outcome. Conclusions: This study's results are consistent with the published outcomes of BEST-CLI. The patient cohorts examined, anatomical disease patterns, and conduit use may explain some of the differences observed between this study, BEST-CLI and BASIL-2. Further work is required to define the specific patient populations who will benefit most from an open surgical or endovascular first approach to the management of CLTI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews tourism-relevant advances in climate science and tourism policy in the Australasia region over the past 20 years, focusing particularly on the seven years (2015–2021) since the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. Within the Australasia region, Australia and New Zealand have a complicated relationship with climate change, as both countries are dependent upon stable climates for tourism while contributing to high tourism greenhouse gas emissions. Both are economically reliant on their respective tourism industries, which market environmental products to predominantly long-haul tourism markets. In this paper we critically address the climate change context in Australasia, reviewing the tourism systems, climate risks and carbon risks in the region. We critique the (dis)connection of climate change and tourism policy at the national scale in the region, and find that the extent of climate responses in relation to tourism are generally limited to descriptive (Generation 1) and normative (Generation 2) approaches. We conclude that serious deficiencies remain in the climate science – tourism policy translation required to transform the tourism systems of Australia and New Zealand in response to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hearing and vestibular research in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) spans basic sciences, clinical research, and public health. Equitable health care and sustainable research models are threatened by several factors including the increasing prevalence of hearing impairment and vestibular disorders, reforms to the NZ public health system, and funding challenges within the research environment. Our perspectives as early career researchers can shape the future of hearing and vestibular research, healthcare, and clinical practice in NZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Aotearoa New Zealand electricity sector is undergoing a transition to more distributed electricity generation, largely driven by the private sector. Local actors, however, are increasingly interested in playing a role in the energy transition, and addressing their resilience, with community renewable energy (CRE). These projects often have a wide range of impacts, dependent on the community’s motivations, as well as the design and operation of the project. However, there is a lack of tools that can accurately quantify the impacts derived from CRE projects, and guide communities to build a portfolio of projects. This study used system dynamics modelling to analyse the impacts of CRE projects over a 40-year time span. The Energise Ōtaki community group in Aotearoa New Zealand was used as a case study given their already established CRE project and goals to expand their project portfolio. The system dynamics model showed if the community reinvested 80% of the profits from the first project into a second project would provide the greatest long-term benefit for the community in terms of the impact areas important to them. System dynamics modelling proved a useful tool in evaluating the wide range of impacts, and how they interact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Investigating the extent of insular invasions by non‐native species (i.e., the number of islands they occupy) is central to island conservation. However, interrelationships among plant life history traits, naturalization histories, and island characteristics in determining island occupancy by non‐native plant species are poorly understood. We investigated whether island occupancy by different non‐native plant species declines in relation to their year of first naturalization and whether periods of first naturalization differ among growth forms, dispersal modes, and biogeographic origins. Then, we asked if non‐native plants that naturalized more recently occur more frequently on islands that are large, less isolated, and close to urban areas. We contrasted trends across growth forms, dispersal modes, and biogeographic origins. Location: 264 offshore islands in northern Aotearoa New Zealand. Taxa: Vascular plant species. Methods: We combined field surveys and published data for 767 non‐native plant species on the islands. We categorized each species according to its growth form (n = 3), dispersal mode (n = 4) and biogeographic origin (n = 5) and identified its year of first naturalization in Aotearoa New Zealand. We tested our hypotheses using ANCOVA and generalized linear models (GLMs). Results: There were similar declines in island occupancy in relation to the year of first naturalization in Aotearoa New Zealand across all trait and biogeographic origin categories. First naturalization times of herbaceous species, those with unspecialized dispersal modes, and those originating from Eurasia and the Mediterranean basin were disproportionately earlier than other categories. Non‐native plants with more recent first naturalization occur more frequently on large islands close to urban areas, but not on less isolated ones. Relationships with island characteristics did not differ among trait and biogeographic origin categories. Main Conclusions: Overall, time of first naturalization was more important than trait and biogeographic origin categories in explaining non‐native plant invasion patterns on islands. Since there were similar relationships between island occupancy and the year of first naturalization in Aotearoa New Zealand for all categories, management bodies should focus on non‐native plant species of trait and biogeographic origin categories that have naturalized recently (e.g., woody species from other regions within Oceania), and on large islands close to urban areas. Introduction and naturalization histories provide essential context for interpreting the role of plant traits and biogeographic origin in understanding plant invasions on islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management entails long‐term medication therapy. Worse disease outcomes and reduced quality of life might arise from poor medication adherence (MA). This study is the first to investigate patients with IBD's adherence across Aotearoa New Zealand and its relationship with disease outcomes. Methods: Dispensing claims data (Pharmaceutical Collection) were used to calculate (3‐ and 5‐year) adherence, using daily polypharmacy possession ratio. Using hospitalization data (National Minimum Dataset), the relationship between adherence and the numbers of hospitalizations and corticosteroid dispensings was investigated. Results: In total, 4654 patients (53% female; 55% Crohn's disease [CD], 45% ulcerative colitis [UC]; median age‐at‐first‐dispensing, 43 years) and 3148 patients (54% female; 55% CD, 44% UC; median age‐at‐first‐dispensing, 44 years) were in the 3‐ and 5‐year cohorts, respectively. The 3‐ and 5‐year cohorts had mean 4.6 and 4.2 IBD‐related hospitalizations and 6.9 and 9.2 corticosteroid dispensings, respectively. Average adherence estimates were 77.4% (95% confidence interval: 76.9–78.0%) and 74.9% (95% confidence interval: 74.1–75.6%; 3 and 5 years), while 54% and 51% of patients, respectively, had good adherence (MA ≥ 80%). There was no correlation between adherence and the numbers of hospitalizations (Pearson's R = −.0007; P =.65 and R = −.04; P =.02 [3 and 5 years]) and corticosteroid dispensings (R =.08; P = <.0001 and R =.08; P = <.0001, respectively). Conclusion: MA of Aotearoa New Zealand patients with IBD is moderately high but just over half of patients meet the adherent threshold. There was no correlation between adherence and hospitalizations or corticosteroid dispensings; hence, research into longitudinal adherence patterns and associated factors is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music and place are linked through many different interrelationships. Album covers play a part in these connections, influencing the experience of the music within by frequently evoking place. In Aotearoa New Zealand a sense of place is significant in music, but academic attention to the role of album covers in this sense of place is overdue. This research note addresses this gap and introduces themes and examples from a survey of Aotearoa album covers. Future attention and lines of enquiry are warranted, aided by the durability and indeed resurgence of vinyl as a musical format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective volcanic impact and risk assessment underpins effective volcanic disaster risk management. Yet contemporary volcanic risk assessments face a number of challenges, including delineating hazard and impact sequences, and identifying and quantifying systemic risks. A more holistic approach to impact assessment is required, which incorporates the complex, multi-hazard nature of volcanic eruptions and the dynamic nature of vulnerability before, during and after a volcanic event. Addressing this need requires a multidisciplinary, integrated approach, involving scientists and stakeholders to co-develop decision-support tools that are scientifically credible and operationally relevant to provide a foundation for robust, evidence-based risk reduction decisions. This study presents a dynamic, longitudinal impact assessment framework for multi-phase, multi-hazard volcanic events and applies the framework to interdependent critical infrastructure networks in the Taranaki region of Aotearoa New Zealand, where Taranaki Mounga volcano has a high likelihood of producing a multi-phase explosive eruption within the next 50 years. In the framework, multi-phase scenarios temporally alternate multi-hazard footprints with risk reduction opportunities. Thus, direct and cascading impacts and any risk management actions carry through to the next phase of activity. The framework forms a testbed for more targeted mitigation and response planning and allows the investigation of optimal intervention timing for mitigation strategies during an evolving eruption. Using 'risk management' scenarios, we find the timing of mitigation intervention to be crucial in reducing disaster losses associated with volcanic activity. This is particularly apparent in indirect, systemic losses that cascade from direct damage to infrastructure assets. This novel, dynamic impact assessment approach addresses the increasing end-user need for impact-based decision-support tools that inform robust response and resilience planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate anxiety and worry about a changing climate have the potential to reduce individual well-being. We test for this possibility using a national survey sample of farmers, foresters, and growers in Aotearoa New Zealand. This group is of particular interest because changing climate has the potential to radically change their commercial operations. We find that survey respondents who express climate worry report substantially lower subjective well-being. Our estimates are robust to the inclusion of a wide range of controls. Our findings point to the importance of mitigating and adapting to climate change for well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of telecollaborative practices grounded in internationalisation at home (IaH) on foreign or additional language learning and intercultural understanding. Two higher education institutions (HEIs) from Taiwan and Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) collaboratively re-innovate a virtual learning space to facilitate equitable access to intercultural communication experiences for first-year university language learners. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through student e-portfolios, social networking sites, and reflections to evaluate the effectiveness of the telecollaborative learning design in achieving its goals. Findings demonstrated that the telecollaborative practices not only afforded students opportunities to practice with peers from native-language countries but also prompted them to strengthen their sense of belonging and identity as their intercultural knowledge broadened and deepened. Future research is suggested to explore the potential impact of IaH initiatives on a broader range of tertiary students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Takatāpui/LGBTIQ + people's experiences of homelessness remain poorly understood in Aotearoa New Zealand. Using data from semi-structured interviews with eight people who identified as Takatāpui/LGBTIQ + and had experienced homelessness, this paper explores their experiences while homeless. The analysis showed the necessity of strength of character, how Takatāpui/LGBTIQ + people presented a different self in order to be accepted, the different strategies used to survive, the importance of implementing boundaries for self-protection, and missed points of intervention and support. Our findings show how participants were failed by the housing support system, and had to rely on themselves and their communities during periods of homelessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction At some point during the 1980s, Margaret Thatcher, then British Prime Minister, was asked to comment on the growing ranks of the unemployed. She responded by suggesting that they should do social work. The tale contained the uncomfortable idea that social work is something that anyone can do, without any education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: This article forms part of the “Their stories, our history” series which provides information regarding some of the major contributors to the profession of social work in Aotearoa New Zealand. Ken Daniels is featured in this article. METHODS: A life history methodology is used to document some of the contributions made by Ken Daniels. Life history is a qualitative methodology where various forms of data are used to piece together a narrative. Interviews, documents, articles and other historical artifacts have all contributed to the development of this article. FINDINGS: Ken Daniels has pioneered a number of social work advances in the areas of mental health, social work education and the professionalisation of social work. He has also made outstanding contributions nationally and internationally in the field of assisted human reproduction through a time of rapid change. Using a calm, compassionate and determined approach, Ken has been able to navigate through the complexities of practice, policy and education. CONCLUSIONS: Ken Daniels has exemplified a practice which has centred a generalist social work approach, working in different ways and at different systems levels to achieve desired outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents outcomes for a Housing First (HF) cohort in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Using integrated governmental administrative data, we analysed outcomes for a cohort of 357 people, comparing health, justice, income, and social welfare indicators the year prior to HF and five years after being housed. In the fifth year after being housed, improved outcomes across each of these sectors were noted, with particularly impressive improvements found in income levels (+38%) and mental health. These results demonstrate the efficacy of this HF programme in improving well-being. Despite such notable improvements, there is room for HF to have a greater impact in the context of wider system changes that support overall well-being, as well as the goal of making homelessness rare, brief, and non-recurring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Plant Variety Rights Act of Aotearoa New Zealand (PVR Act), recently reformed in 2022, adopts new protections for Indigenous relations with native and culturally significant plants, and for traditional knowledge. The Act specifically aims to protect kaitiaki (guardian or caretaker) relationships that Māori have with taonga (treasured, culturally significant) plant species and mātauranga Māori (Indigenous knowledge) in the PVR system. By taking these reforms into account and examining how they may operate in practice, this article considers whether the PVR Act fulfils the constitutional obligations the government owes to Māori under the Treaty of Waitangi | Te Tiriti o Waitangi framework. In addition to conducting a doctrinal assessment of the revised statute, the article undertakes an intellectual property landscape analysis, revealing how PVR systems, both domestically and overseas, have been used by non‐Māori entities to assert ownership claims to varieties of taonga plants in the past. The article further draws upon a third research methodology, presenting initial results from qualitative interviews conducted with Māori and non‐Māori experts in intellectual property, taonga plants, and mātauranga Māori. Synthesising the results of these three forms of investigation, the article argues that while some of the changes made in the PVR Act support the exercise of partial Māori authority in relation to taonga, it remains to be seen whether the Treaty promise of tino rangatiratanga (chieftainship, sovereignty, or self‐determination) can be fully achieved in the PVR system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study quantifies the influences of anthropogenic forcing to date on precipitation over Aotearoa New Zealand (ANZ). Large ensembles of simulations from the weather@home regional climate model experiments are analysed under two scenarios, a natural (NAT) or counter-factual scenario which excludes human-induced changes to the climate system and an anthropogenic (ANT) or factual scenario. The impacts of anthropogenic forcing on precipitation are analysed in the context of large-scale circulation types characterized using an existing Self Organizing Map classification. The combined effect of both thermodynamics and dynamics are compared with values expected from the Clausius–Clapeyron (C–C) relation. Changes in the precipitation intensity due to greenhouse gas-forced temperature rise are lower than the expected C–C value. However extreme precipitation changes approach the C–C value for some circulation types. Specifically westerly flows enhance precipitation change across ANZ relative to the C–C rate, particularly over the West Coast. Conversely, northwesterly flows reduce the change over the North Island relative to the C–C value. Moreover, the wet day frequency generally reduces in the ANT scenario relative to NAT, reductions are largest on the West Coast of the South Island for westerly flows. Additionally, the frequency of days with extreme precipitation rises over ANZ for most circulation patterns, except in Northland and for northwesterly flows. This underscores the combined influence of dynamics and thermodynamics in shaping both precipitation intensity and frequency patterns across ANZ.

Abstract Background The Aotearoa New Zealand COVID-19 pandemic response has been hailed as a success story, however, there are concerns about how equitable it has been. This study explored the experience of a collective of Māori health and social service providers in the greater Wellington region of Aotearoa New Zeland delivering COVID-19 responses. Methods The study was a collaboration between a large urban Māori health and social service provider, Tākiri Mai Te Ata whānau ora collective, and public health researchers in Aotearoa New Zealand. Two online workshops were held with staff of the Māori service provider, collectively developing a qualitative causal loop diagram and generating systemic insights. The causal loop diagram showed interactions of various factors affecting COVID-19 response for supporting whānau (Māori family/households) at a community level. The iceberg model of systems thinking offered insights for action in understanding causal loop diagrams, emphasizing impactful changes at less visible levels. Results Six interacting subsystems were identified within the causal loop diagram that highlighted the systemic barriers and opportunities for effective COVID-19 response to Māori whānau. The medical model of health service produces difficulties for delivering kaupapa Māori services. Along with pre-existing vulnerability and health system gaps, these difficulties increased the risk of negative impacts on Māori whānau as COVID-19 cases increased. The study highlighted a critical need to create equal power in health perspectives, reducing dominance of the individual-focused medical model for better support of whānau during future pandemics. Conclusions The study provided insights on systemic traps, their interactions and delays contributing to a relatively less effective COVID-19 response for Māori whānau and offered insights for improvement. In the light of recent changes in the Aotearoa New Zealand health system, the findings emphasize the urgent need for structural reform to address power imbalances and establish kaupapa Māori approach and equity as a norm in service planning and delivery.

Abstract Background Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a popular drug worldwide and use is prevalent in Aotearoa New Zealand. Although associated with some significant harms, including fatalities, MDMA is ultimately less harmful than other commonly consumed drugs. We aimed to expand the understanding of MDMA harm and harm reduction strategies from a consumer perspective so that national harm reduction efforts can be better informed. Methods We conducted 14 semi-structured focus group discussions including 60 people (aged 18–67, median = 21) who use MDMA in the Southern region of Aotearoa New Zealand to explore their thoughts and experiences regarding MDMA associated harm and harm reduction. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted from a critical realist perspective. Results Five themes were generated; (1) Mindset and setting matters; (2) Looking after your body and mind, not overdoing it; (3) Other substances increase risk and harm; (4) Trusted friends and peers are protective; and (5) Valid information is key for healthy self-determination; and one subtheme 5.1) Drug checking is essential harm reduction. Conclusions We discuss the implications for MDMA consumers and aim to inform national drug policy and the harm reduction practices of consumers and organisations, for the ultimate purpose of reducing MDMA-related harm in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Surf lifesaving (SLS) clubs have been portrayed as male-dominated spaces perpetuating hegemonic masculinity. Contrary to this depiction, women and girls have participated in SLS in Aotearoa New Zealand since the 1930s, constituting approximately half of SLSNZ members. However, despite a growing body of research on women in ocean sports, studies on women's experiences in SLS are notably scarce. Addressing this gap, our interpretive research focuses on women's participation in SLS sports in Aotearoa New Zealand. Our findings reveal that the SLS community offers social and sporting opportunities for women throughout their life course. While providing a supportive environment for female friendships and mentorship, the sport fosters a sense of achievement, ocean skills and overall well-being. Nevertheless, challenges persist, as women encounter a ‘boys club’ mentality, where men are often perceived as the natural and legitimate bodies in SLS institutional contexts. Despite these perceptions, women don't necessarily feel excluded or marginalised within SLS spaces. Our research suggests that contemporary SLS clubs in Aotearoa New Zealand are more nuanced cultural spaces than previously portrayed. While still associated with masculinity, women dynamically navigate these male-defined arenas. SLS, as both a sport and lifeguard service, presents an institutional space where cultural norms reinforcing masculinity in ocean sports can be challenged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Aotearoa New Zealand COVID-19 pandemic response has been hailed as a success story, however, there are concerns about how equitable it has been. This study explored the experience of a collective of Māori health and social service providers in the greater Wellington region of Aotearoa New Zeland delivering COVID-19 responses. Methods: The study was a collaboration between a large urban Māori health and social service provider, Tākiri Mai Te Ata whānau ora collective, and public health researchers in Aotearoa New Zealand. Two online workshops were held with staff of the Māori service provider, collectively developing a qualitative causal loop diagram and generating systemic insights. The causal loop diagram showed interactions of various factors affecting COVID-19 response for supporting whānau (Māori family/households) at a community level. The iceberg model of systems thinking offered insights for action in understanding causal loop diagrams, emphasizing impactful changes at less visible levels. Results: Six interacting subsystems were identified within the causal loop diagram that highlighted the systemic barriers and opportunities for effective COVID-19 response to Māori whānau. The medical model of health service produces difficulties for delivering kaupapa Māori services. Along with pre-existing vulnerability and health system gaps, these difficulties increased the risk of negative impacts on Māori whānau as COVID-19 cases increased. The study highlighted a critical need to create equal power in health perspectives, reducing dominance of the individual-focused medical model for better support of whānau during future pandemics. Conclusions: The study provided insights on systemic traps, their interactions and delays contributing to a relatively less effective COVID-19 response for Māori whānau and offered insights for improvement. In the light of recent changes in the Aotearoa New Zealand health system, the findings emphasize the urgent need for structural reform to address power imbalances and establish kaupapa Māori approach and equity as a norm in service planning and delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To survey the national workforce that manages children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Aotearoa New Zealand and compare with glycaemic outcomes for 2021. Methods: A representative from each tertiary and regional diabetes service in Aotearoa New Zealand was asked to participate in an online survey assessing health‐care professional (HCP) workforce numbers operating for the 2021 calendar year. Regional full‐time‐equivalent (FTE), glycaemic outcomes and population demographics were compared to a previously reported workforce surveys (2015 and 2019). Results: Seventeen sites responded – including all four large tertiary centres – serving >99% of children and adolescents with T1D in Aotearoa New Zealand. HCP resourcing varied across sites, with median (range) HCP/100 patient ratios of: doctors: 0.40 (0.16–1.11), nurses: 1.19 (0.29–5.56), dietitians: 0.25 (0–1.11) and psychologist/social workers: 0 (0–0.26). No site met all of the International Society of Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) recommendations of HCP/100 patient ratios. Measures of socio‐economic deprivation predicted HbA1c, rather than the diabetes clinic attended. Overall, only 15.1% (240/1585) of patients had an HbA1c less than the recommended 53 mmol/mol. Conclusions: The Aotearoa New Zealand workforce for children and adolescents with T1D is under‐resourced and no site meets the ISPAD recommendations. There has been no significant increase in HCP/100 patient ratios compared to previous workforce surveys over the last decade. Few children and adolescents with T1D meet the recommended HbA1c. Resourcing according to recommended clinical need is required if equity in outcomes for young people with T1D is to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bicultural nation that is Aotearoa New Zealand is now a multi-ethnic society, home to many non-indigenous ethnic minority communities. This study explored the perceptions and experiences of four self-identifying non-indigenous ethnic minority psychotherapists living in this country. Specifically, it answers the question: "What are the predominant themes that can be identified in the accounts of non-Māori ethnic minority psychotherapists, residing and practicing within the bicultural context of Aotearoa New Zealand?" Semi-structured interviews with participants explored their lived everyday experiences in both personal and professional spheres. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and yielded three themes: (1) "Acculturation to mainstream" captures the personal challenges participants encountered as immigrants in relocating and adapting to mainstream Aotearoa New Zealand culture; (2) "Encountering Indigenous culture" describes participants' experiences of coming into contact with indigenous Māori culture, and ensuing perceptions and understandings; (3) "Relating to biculturalism" describes how the participants understand and make meaning of biculturalism in Aotearoa New Zealand. Understanding these participants' experiences can help non-indigenous ethnic minority psychotherapists become better informed and politically aware, and may empower them to negotiate a more meaningful position in a bicultural nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ascidians are marine filter-feeder chordates. Botrylloides ascidians possess diverse biological properties such as whole-body regeneration (WBR), hibernation/aestivation, blastogenesis, metamorphosis, and natural chimerism. However, the absence of distinctive morphological features often makes identification difficult. Botrylloides diegensis is an ascidian that has been misidentified in previous studies and is recorded in GenBank as Botrylloides leachii owing to the high morphological similarity between the sister species. More available sequences and strategies for identification would help resolve some of the confusion surrounding its ambiguous nature. We collected several Botrylloides samples from seven locations in Aotearoa New Zealand (Dunedin, Christchurch, Picton, Nelson, Whangateau, New Plymouth, and Invercargill) and barcoded the species based on Cytochrome Oxidase I, Histone 3, 18S, and 28S ribosomal RNA markers. Network and Bayesian trees confirmed the presence of three Botrylloides species: B. diegensis, Botrylloides jacksonianum, and Botrylloides affinis anceps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the inclusion of both individual interventions and population-based measures in the Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa NZ) Tobacco Control Programme, the gap between Māori, Pacific peoples and European/Asian/Other (EAO) populations in tobacco use has not decreased significantly. Tobacco control interventions that focus on individual behaviour change have produced little impact towards reducing tobacco smoking inequities for Māori and Pacific peoples in Aotearoa NZ. Using data from the New Zealand Health Survey (NZHS), this research investigates the impact of the wider determinants of health and individual-level factors on inequities in tobacco use between Māori, Pacific peoples and EAO. A conceptual framework was developed to support the theoretical positioning of this research and to inform data categorization, framing, discourse, analyses and interpretation. We conducted hierarchical regression to examine the effect of factors from each domain on ethnic inequities in tobacco use. We found that socioeconomic factors accounted for a significant amount of the disparity in adults currently smoking between Māori and Pacific peoples and EAO. Our results suggest that socioeconomic factors may be a more effective target of intervention than individual behaviours for reducing tobacco-related inequities. Addressing the broader determinants of health through comprehensive cross-agency cooperation to reduce ethnic inequities in tobacco use in Aotearoa NZ is likely to be more effective than individual behaviour change approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the decolonization of trans-affirming language in Aotearoa (New Zealand). The author, a Pākehā (non-Māori of European origin), cisgender, and queer sociolinguist and activist, highlights the issues associated with using Western-origin terms to refer to groups with experiences of colonization. They also address the challenge of de-centering whiteness in trans-affirming spaces and the rise of Indigenous efforts to decolonize language and gender. The article emphasizes the importance of including Indigenous and non-white perspectives in research on language and gender and calls for the decolonization of trans-affirming language. [Extracted from the article]

HELL Pizza's advertising is characterized by its provocative art, audacious copy and bold tactics that relishes in its hellish reputation. Rather than merely relying on attention-grabbing stunts, the brand employs strategies that tap into the deep-seated cultural norms of its audience. Often deemed controversial, HELL's advertising elicits strong public reactions, serving as a mirror reflecting the evolving cultural and moral sensitivities and the place of Christianity in Aotearoa New Zealand. This article critically examines the official complaints about the use of religious references in HELL's advertising to the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) in Aotearoa New Zealand. Using thematic analysis, we analyse how 'offense' and references to Christianity are navigated by the public complainant, the ASA and the brand, in 79 rulings between 2005 and 2021. We conclude that while the brand consistently negotiates a fine line between edgy humour and potential offense, the ASA rulings suggest a societal trend leaning towards freedom of artistic expression, even when intertwined with religious undertones, particularly when a brand has a well-established identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]