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The Ediacaran–Ordovician strata within three major marine basins (Tarim, Sichuan, and Ordos) in China are analyzed. Based on previous studies focusing on the characteristics of the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian strata within the three major basins (East Siberian, Oman, and Officer in Australian) overseas, the carbonate–evaporite assemblages in the target interval are divided into three types: intercalated carbonate and gypsum salt, interbedded carbonate and gypsum salt, and coexisted carbonate, gypsum salt and clastic rock. Moreover, the concept and definition of the carbonate–evaporite assemblage are clarified. The results indicate that the oil and gas in the carbonate–evaporite assemblage are originated from two types of source rocks: shale and argillaceous carbonate, and confirmed the capability of gypsum salt in the saline environment to drive the source rock hydrocarbon generation. The dolomite reservoirs are classified in two types: gypsum-bearing dolomite flat, and grain shoal & microbial mound. This study clarifies that the penecontemporaneous or epigenic leaching of atmospheric fresh water mainly controlled the large-scale development of reservoirs. Afterwards, burial dissolution transformed and reworked the reservoirs. The hydrocarbon accumulation in carbonate-evaporite assemblage can be categorized into eight sub-models under three models (sub-evaporite hydrocarbon accumulation, supra-evaporite hydrocarbon accumulation, and inter-evaporite hydrocarbon accumulation). As a result, the Cambrian strata in the Tazhong Uplift North Slope, Maigaiti Slope and Mazatag Front Uplift Zone of the Tarim Basin, the Cambrian strata in the eastern-southern area of the Sichuan Basin, and the inter-evaporite Ma-4 Member of Ordovician in the Ordos Basin, China, are defined as favorable targets for future exploration.

Abstract Background Only rigorously prepared analyses can provide the highest level of evidence to inform decision-making. Several recent systematic reviews (SRs) examined the hypothesis that the early introduction of specific allergenic complementary foods (CFs) to infants may lead to a lower incidence of one or more allergic outcomes. However, the methodological rigour and quality of reporting of SRs in this area has not yet been systematically evaluated. Methods We comprehensively searched PubMed, Medline (Ovid), and Web of Science Core Collection on 13th January 2022, using a pre-specified and tested search syntax for SRs with RCT evidence on the early introduction of allergenic CFs as a means for allergy prevention in infants and children. We examined the quality and risk of bias (RoB) using AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS tools, examined adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for SRs and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and checked whether certainty of the evidence was assessed. Results Twelve SRs were included. Application of both tools resulted in similar overall judgements in terms of direction and extent for nine of the 12 SRs. Nine SRs were found to be of critically low to low quality according to AMSTAR-2 and to be at high RoB according to ROBIS. One SR received a moderate quality rating (AMSTAR-2) and high RoB rating (ROBIS). However, for two SRs, judgements between AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS were at stark variance. Only two SRs fully adhered to the PRISMA checklist. Six SRs evaluated the certainty of the body of RCT evidence. Several SRs failed to consider unpublished studies either by an explicit a priori exclusion or by inadequate search strategies. Conclusions Well-conducted SRs are important for decision-making and informing guideline development, the quality of their methodology should therefore be considered. The methodological rigour and the reporting quality of SRs on the timing of CF for allergy prevention must be improved. Registration https://osf.io/7cs4b .

In this study, we reported that novel single-chain fusion proteins linking thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor (TP) to a selected G-protein α-subunit q (SC-TP-Gαq) or to α-subunit s (SC-TP-Gαs) could be stably expressed in megakaryocytes (MKs). We tested the MK-released platelet-linked particles (PLPs) to be used as a vehicle to deliver the overexpressed SC-TP-Gαq or the SC-TP-Gαs to regulate human platelet function. To understand how the single-chain TP-Gα fusion proteins could regulate opposite platelet activities by an identical ligand TXA2, we tested their dual functions—binding to ligands and directly linking to different signaling pathways within a single polypeptide chain—using a 3D structural model. The immature MKs were cultured and transfected with cDNAs constructed from structural models of the individual SC-TP-Gαq and SC-TP-Gαs, respectively. After transient expression was identified, the immature MKs stably expressing SC-TP-Gαq or SC-TP-Gαs (stable cell lines) were selected. The stable cell lines were induced into mature MKs which released PLPs. Western blot analysis confirmed that the released PLPs were carrying the recombinant SC-TP-Gαq or SC-TP-Gαs. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the PLPs carrying SC-TP-Gαq were able to perform the activity by promoting platelet aggregation. In contrast, PLPs carrying SC-TP-Gαs reversed Gq to Gs signaling to inhibit platelet aggregation. This is the first time demonstrating that SC-TP-Gαq and SC-TP-Gαs were successfully overexpressed in MK cells and released as PLPs with proper folding and programmed biological activities. This bio-engineering led to the formation of two sets of biologically active PLP forms mediating calcium and cAMP signaling, respectively. As a result, these PLPs are able to bind to identical endogenous TXA2 with opposite activities, inhibiting and promoting platelet aggregation as reprogrammed for therapeutic process. Results also demonstrated that the nucleus-free PLPs could be used to deliver recombinant membrane-bound GPCRs to regulate cellular activity in general.

Chloride-induced corrosion is an important factor that affects the durability of building structures in coastal areas; it causes serious deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures and leads to structural failure. However, chloride-induced corrosion is a slow process which spans the whole service life of building structures, and many factors can affect their service life, such as location, structural design, and drug management. This paper aims to predict the service life of building structures in terms of chloride-induced corrosion and through the concept of engineering vulnerability. It first investigates the model of corrosion initiation of reinforcement, along with the consequent concrete cover cracking. Second, according to the characteristics of building structure and corrosion, it determines an evaluation index system of engineering vulnerability and establishes an evaluation method of engineering vulnerability, considering that corrosion is based on the AHP method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Finally, using a case study of a pharmaceutical factory structure in a coastal city, this study verifies the feasibility of the assessment method considering corrosion effects.

Background: venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-known complication in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), especially in patients treated with asparaginase (ASNase)-including regiments. However, VTE risk in adult Philadelphia-positive ALL (Ph+ve ALL) patients treated with non-hyperCVAD chemotherapy is unclear. In this study, we examined VTE incidence in adult Ph+ve ALL patients treated with imatinib plus a pediatric-inspired asparaginase (ASNase)-free regimen modified from the Dana Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) ALL protocol. Methods: a single centre retrospective review of Ph+ve ALL patients treated at Princess Margaret Cancer Center (PMCC) from 2008–2019 with imatinib plus modified DFCI protocol was conducted. Results: of the 123 patients included, 30 (24.3%) had at least 1 radiology confirmed VTE event from diagnosis to the end of maintenance therapy. 86.7% (26/30) of the VTE events occurred during active treatment. Of all VTE events, the majority (53.3%) were DVT and/or PE while another significant portion were catheter-related (40.0%). Major bleeding was observed in 1 patient on VTE treatment with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Conclusion: a high VTE incidence (24.3%) was observed in adults Ph+ve ALL patients treated with imatinib plus an ASNase-free modified DFCI pediatric ALL protocol, suggesting prophylactic anticoagulation should be considered for all adult Ph+ve ALL patients including those treated with ASNase-free regimens.

To construct a giant Sichuan gas province, it is in an urgent need of exploring new replacement areas with abundant natural gas resources and great exploration potential. In this paper, the formation conditions (e.g. source rock, reservoir and play) and the distribution laws of the deep-seated old giant marine carbonate oil/gas fields in China's Craton Basins were investigated systematically. Then, the accumulation and enrichment conditions of deep Sinian natural gas in the Sichuan Basin were analyzed. Finally, potential and favorable target zones of natural gas exploration in the Dengying Formation of Upper Sinian were evaluated. And the following research results were obtained. Firstly, the effectiveness and scale of source kitchens, reservoirs and reservoir–caprock assemblages and the proximity are the necessary conditions for the formation of deep-seated giant carbonate oil/gas fields, and paleo-uplifts, paleo-slopes and paleo-fault zones are the favorable areas of searching deep-seated giant carbonate oil/gas fields. Secondly, in the Sichuan Basin, three sets of high-quality source rocks are developed in the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian System, and their maturity of organic matter is still in the optimal window for cracking gas, so the gas generation scale is large. Thirdly, after the microbial carbonate rocks of Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin were reconstructed by constructive diagenesis, effective reservoirs are formed and distributed widely. Fourthly, owing to the integrated source rocks and cap rocks of Dengying Formation, the marginal platform and the intra platform have favorable conditions for proximal hydrocarbon accumulation. In conclusion, the deep Sinian in the Sichuan Basin has good conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation and it is an important replacement area of natural gas exploration. Paleo-uplifts and slopes in the central Sichuan Basin have been the favorable locations of natural gas accumulation for a long period. Large-scale exploration shall focus on four favorable areas, including the marginal platform zone in the fourth member of Dengying Formation, the marginal platform zone in the second member of Dengying Formation, the bioherm shoalbody of Dengying Formation intra platform in the paleo-uplifts and slopes of the central Sichuan Basin, and the bioherm shoalbody of Dengying Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin.

Deficits in motivation and pleasure are common across many psychiatric disorders, and manifest as symptoms of amotivation and anhedonia, which are prominent features of both mood and psychotic disorders. Here we provide evidence for an association between neural value signals and symptoms of amotivation and anhedonia across adults with major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or no psychiatric diagnosis. We found that value signals in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) during intertemporal decision-making were dampened in individuals with greater motivational and hedonic deficits, after accounting for primary diagnosis. This relationship remained significant while controlling for diagnosis-specific symptoms of mood and psychosis, such as depression as well as positive and negative symptoms. Our results demonstrate that dysfunction in the vmPFC during value-based decision-making is specifically linked to motivational and hedonic impairments. These findings provide a quantitative neural target for the potential development of novel treatments for amotivation and anhedonia.

Objective: Tai chi (TC), a contemplative practice combining slow movements and deep breathing, has been shown to be clinically effective in alleviating depressive symptoms. Feelings of fatigue or low vitality often accompany major depressive disorder (MDD) though they are commonly overlooked and not well understood neurologically. By using resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) using the insula as the seed, this study examines the relationship between mood and vitality symptoms in MDD and how they are impacted by TC training.Methods: Patients (N = 16) with MDD participated in a 10-week TC intervention. Self-report scores of vitality (using the SF-36 scale) and depressed mood (using the Beck Depression Inventory) as well as rs-fMRI were collected pre- and post-intervention. A seed-to-voxel approach was used to test whether changes in insular rs-FC were related to therapeutic improvement in MDD-related symptoms resulting from TC practice.Results: We found decreased self-reported depressed mood and increased vitality following the TC intervention. Furthermore, decreases in depressed mood were associated with increased rs-FC between the right anterior insula (AIC) and superior temporal gyrus and caudate (cluster-corrected p < 0.05). Increased vitality was associated with increased rs-FC between the right posterior insula (PIC) and regions associated with sensorimotor processes (cluster-corrected p < 0.05).Conclusion: These results provide support for differential changes in insula connectivity as neural correlates of symptom improvement in MDD.

Craton basins are the main sites where marine carbonate oil and gas reservoirs develop in China. However, the previous studies scarcely focused on the controlling effects of tectonic differentiation on the formation of large oil and gas fields in the ancient craton basins. In such circumstances, it is difficult to evaluate and select the favorable zones for exploring carbonate oil and gas. In this paper, based on the research results of the Sinian–Triassic prototype basin and lithofacies paleogeography of the Sichuan Basin, the tectonic differentiation pattern of craton basins and its controls on the accumulation elements and the distribution of hydrocarbons were analyzed with reference to the concept that structures control the sedimentation and distribution of oil and gas. The study reveals the results in three aspects. First, the intra-cratonic graben controls the high-quality source rocks and the hydrocarbon generation center, which forms good source-reservoir assemblage with the high-quality reservoir in the platform margin at the flank, showing excellent near-source accumulation conditions. Second, the three types of paleo-uplifts (i.e. differential denudation, syn-sedimentary, and folding) and the deep-large faults developed in the craton are favorable for the formation and distribution of large-scale carbonate reservoirs. Third, the superimposed areas with tectonic differentiation in multiple periods and multiple types are favorable for forming large oil and gas fields. It is concluded that the marine carbonate rocks show a huge oil and gas exploration potential in the Sichuan Basin. Attention should be paid to the new exploration targets of natural gas, such as the Sinian Dengying Fm. in the platform margin at the east flank of Deyang–Anyue graben, the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm. on the slope of paleo-uplift in central Sichuan Basin, and the Middle Permian Maokou Fm. in central–west Sichuan Basin, where oil and gas accumulation conditions are favorable.

Chronic pain can pose a serious challenge in everyday life for many individuals globally, especially in developing countries, but studies explicitly exploring risk factors of chronic pain beyond demographic characteristics using survey data have been scarce. To address this problem, this study analyzed World Health Organization data on chronic pain in Ukraine to explore demographic, psychological, and treatment perception-related risk factors to chronic pain. We replicated previous reports of older age, female sex, married status, inadequate financial resources, and comorbidity of other physical conditions as significant demographic risk factors for chronic pain diagnosis but not necessarily for severe pain. We also found evidence for psychological risk factors and treatment perceptions as significant predictors for chronic pain diagnosis and its severity. These results provide a first step in examining beyond demographic risk factors for chronic pain diagnosis and severity and, instead, assessing potential psychological risk factors.

The Cambrian carbonate & evaporite paragenesis system in the Sichuan Basin is made up of the Longwangmiao, Gaotai and Xixiangchi Fms. So far, great breakthrough has been made only in the Longwangmiao Fm instead of the latter two, and the Anyue Gasfield was discovered in the center of this basin. In this paper, therefore, the Cambrian carbonate & evaporite paragenesis system in the Sichuan Basin was analyzed in terms of its structural–sedimentary setting, sequence stratigraphic framework, sedimentary facies and the distribution of evaporites by using various geologic, logging and seismic data. Then, the geological model of sedimentary facies was established and the distribution range of favorable reservoirs was predicted. Based on these studies, the following results are obtained. Firstly, the palaeotectonic framework is characterized by the style of “one depression between two uplifts” in the setting of a large SE dipping slope, and the stratigraphic filling is in the structure of “onlapping at the bottom and truncation at the top” which is thin in the west and thick in the east. Secondly, three third-order sequence cycles which, on the whole, become shallow upward are developed from bottom to top, and gypsum-salt rocks are mainly located at the high system tract (HST) of third-order sequences and concentrated in the Wanzhou–Yibin sag. Thirdly, the geological model of sedimentary facies is composed of three major sedimentary structural layers from bottom to top, namely the evaporative carbonate ramp, the evaporative diamictic restricted platform and the evaporative restricted platform. The sedimentary environment changes from the open to the closed and the penesaline for a long time, and then back to the open. The distribution of shoals changes from the pattern of “dual banks” in a large area to more scattered shoals and banded shoals, while the evaporative lagoon and tidal flat shrink. Fourthly, the reservoir distribution is complicated and mainly controlled by the sedimentary pattern of palaeotectonics, the grain shoals and the exposed surfaces of sequences with different orders. The favorable areas for reservoir development are located above the paleo-uplift and its surroundings, at the slope-break belt in the platform and in the periphery of platform margin.

Through analyzing the nature and periods of Tongwan tectonization, by using seismic data, drilling data and outcrop data, the pre-Qiongzhusi Formation eroded paleo-geomorphology was described with remaining thickness and moldic methods, and the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions were analyzed. The Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas experienced Tongwan tectonization from late Sinian to early Cambrian which include three episodes that all manifested as regional uplift and erosion, forming three disconformities. Affected by that movement, a large scale Deyang-Luzhou eroded valley in N-S direction was formed in Central-Southern Sichuan Basin. In the valley, thick Maidiping Formation and Qiongzhusi Formation are Cambrian important source kitchens; they form good source-reservoir combinations with two sets of weathering karst reservoirs in Deng 2 and Deng 4 Member in Dengying Formation, favorable for the formation of large gas field with huge resource potential. The analysis of forming mechanism and evolution history of the eroded valley shows the thrusting-fold uplifting and erosion in the second episode of Tongwan tectonization in late Sinian period, and the extensional movement in the background of rapid marine transgression in early Cambrian are key to the formation of the eroded valley. Key words: Tongwan tectonization, paleohigh, Dengying Formation, Qiongzhusi Formation, source-reservoir combination, Sichuan Basin

The Anyue Sinian–Cambrian giant gas field was discovered in central paleo-uplift in the Sichuan Basin in 2013, which is a structural-lithological gas reservoir, with 779.9 km2 proven gas-bearing area and 4 403.8×108 m3 proven geological reserves in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in Moxi Block, and the discovery implies it possesses trillion-cubic-meter reserves in the Sinian. Cambrian Formations in Sichuan Basin. The main understandings achieved are as follows: (1) Sinian–Cambrian sedimentary filling sequences and division evidence are redetermined; (2) During Late Sinian and Early Cambrian, “Deyang–Anyue” paleo-taphrogenic trough was successively developed and controlled the distribution of source rocks in the Lower-Cambrian, characterized by 20–160 m source rock thickness, TOC 1.7%–3.6% and Ro 2.0%–3.5%; (3) Carbonate edge platform occurred in the Sinian Dengying Formation, and carbonate gentle slope platform occurred in the Longwangmiao Formation, with large-scale grain beach near the synsedimentary paleo- uplift; (4) Two types of gas-bearing reservoir, i.e. carbonate fracture-vug type in the Sinian Dengying Formation and dolomite pore type in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation, and superposition transformation of penecontemporaneous dolomitization and supergene karst formed high porosity-permeability reservoirs, with 3%–4% porosity and (1–6)×10−3 μm2 permeability in the Sinian Dengying Formation, and 4%–5% porosity and (1–5)×10−3 μm2 permeability in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation; (5) Large paleo-oil pool occurred in the core of the paleo-uplift during late Hercynian—Indosinian, with over 5 000 km2 and (48–63)×108 t oil resources, and then in the Yanshanian period, in-situ crude oil cracked to generate gas and dispersive liquid hydrocarbons in deep slope cracked to generate gas, both of which provide sufficient gas for the giant gas field; (6) The formation and retention of the giant gas field is mainly controlled by paleo-taphrogenic trough, paleo-platform, paleo-oil pool cracking gas and paleo-uplift jointly; (7) Total gas resources of the Sinian–Cambrian giant gas field are preliminarily predicted to be about 5×1012 m3, and the paleo-uplift and its slope, southern Sichuan Basin depression and deep formations of the high and steep structure belt in east Sichuan, are key exploration plays. The discovery of deep Anyue Sinian–Cambrian giant primay oil-cracking gas field in the Sichuan Basin, is the first in global ancient strata exploration, which is of great inspiration for extension of oil & gas discoveries for global middle-deep formations from Lower Paleozoic to Middle–Upper Proterozoic strata. Key words: Sichuan Basin, Anyue gas field, Fuling shale gas field, paleo-taphrogenic trough, paleo-oil pool, paleo-uplift, carbonate platform, unconventional oil and gas, shale gas, Weiyuan shale gas field

Background There are many known complications that occur after surgical revascularization for patients with significant left main coronary artery disease.