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1. Implementation of prostate cancer treatment decision aid in Michigan: a qualitative study

Author

Roshan Paudel, Stephanie Ferrante, Jessica Woodford, Conrad Maitland, Eric Stockall, Thomas Maatman, Giulia I. Lane, Donna L. Berry, Anne E. Sales, James E. Montie, and for the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MUSIC), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

Subjects
Shared decision-making, Decision aid, Prostate cancer treatment, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background The American Urological Association White Paper on Implementation of Shared Decision Making (SDM) into Urological Practice suggested SDM represents the state of the art in counseling for patients who are faced with difficult or uncertain medical decisions. The Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MUSIC) implemented a decision aid, Personal Patient Profile-Prostate (P3P), in 2018 to help newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients make shared decisions with their clinicians. We conducted a qualitative study to assess statewide implementation of P3P throughout MUSIC. Methods We recruited urologists and staff from 17 MUSIC practices (8 implementation and 9 comparator practices) to understand how practices engaged patients on treatment discussions and to assess facilitators and barriers to implementing P3P. Interview guides were developed based on the Tailored Interventions for Chronic Disease (TICD) Framework. Interviews were transcribed for analysis and coded independently by two investigators in NVivo, PRO 12. Additionally, quantitative program data were integrated into thematic analyses. Results We interviewed 15 urologists and 11 staff from 16 practices. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts indicated three key themes including the following: (i) P3P is compatible as a SDM tool as over 80% of implementation urologists asked patients to complete the P3P questionnaire routinely and used P3P reports during treatment discussions; (ii) patient receptivity was demonstrated by 370 (50%) of newly diagnosed patients (n = 737) from 8 practices enrolled in P3P with 78% completion rate, which accounts for 39% of all newly diagnosed patients in these practices; and (iii) urologists’ attitudes towards SDM varied. Over a third of urologists stated they did not rely on a decision aid. Comparator practices indicated habit, inertia, or concerns about clinic flow as reasons for not adopting P3P and some were unconvinced a decision aid is needed in their practice. Conclusion Urologists and staff affiliated with MUSIC implementation sites indicated that P3P focuses the treatment discussion on items that are important to patients. Experiences of implementation practices indicate that once initiated, there were no negative effects on clinic flow and urologists indicated P3P saves time during patient counseling, as patients were better prepared for focused discussions. Lack of awareness, personal habits, and inertia are reasons for not implementing P3P among the comparator practices.

Published
2021
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3. Comparing Mathematics Content in the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), and Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2003 Assessments. Technical Report. NCES 2006-029

Author

National Assessment of Educational Progress, Ann Arbor, MI., National Center for Education Statistics (ED), Washington, DC., Neidorf, Teresa Smith, Binkley, Marilyn, Gattis, Kim, and Nohara, David

Abstract

This technical report describes a study that was undertaken to compare the content of three mathematics assessments conducted in 2003: the NAEP fourth-and eighth-grade assessments; the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), which also assessed mathematics at the fourth-and eighth-grade levels; and the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), which assessed the mathematical literacy of 15-year-old students. Its aim is to provide information useful for interpreting and comparing the results from the three assessments, based on an in-depth look at the content of the respective frameworks and assessment items. The report draws upon information provided by the developers of the assessments, as well as data obtained from an expert panel convened to compare the frameworks and items from the three assessments on various dimensions. The results of this study indicate that although the NAEP, TIMSS, and PISA 2003 mathematics frameworks address many similar topics and require students to use a range of cognitive skills and processes, it cannot be assumed that they measure the same content in the same way. Appended are: (1) Content Framework Summary Documents; (2) Levels of Mathematical Complexity; (3) Expert Panel; (4) Methodological Notes and Supplementary Data; and (5) Example Items. (Contains 22 tables, 18 figures, and 13 exhibits.)

Published
2006

4. A Self-Instructional Device for Conditioning Accurate Prosody.

Author

Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Center for Research on Language and Language Behavior., Buiten, Roger, and Lane, Harlan

Abstract

A self-instructional device for conditioning accurate prosody in second-language learning is described in this article. The Speech Auto-Instructional Device (SAID) is electro-mechanical and performs three functions: SAID (1) presents to the student tape-recorded pattern sentences that are considered standards in prosodic performance; (2) processes the student's imitation and instantaneously evaluates its acceptability on the basis of pitch, loudness, and tempo; and (3) displays the degree to which the imitation is unacceptable and demonstrates how modifications are to be made for correction. Discussion of the rationale for the SAID system includes comments on other approaches to prosody instruction. Detailed information on SAID's functional operation is provided. (RL)

Published
1965

5. Mobility and Situational Factors in the Adjustment of Older Workers to Job Displacement. Reprint Series 46.

Author

Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Inst. of Labor and Industrial Relations., Ferman, Louis A., and Aiken, Michael

Abstract

Research was concerned with determining mobility and situational factors linked to the behavior and attitudes of job-displaced workers, and examining the influence of each variable in explaining the social consequences of unemployment. Data were derived from interviews with 260 white, blue-collar respondents from a larger random sample of former employees of an automobile manufacturing plant which closed operations in 1956. The interviews were conducted in 1958, about 27 months after the shutdown. The major components of adjustment to job displacement selected as dependent variables were: (1) personal alienation as measured by a seven-item version of the Srole Anomia Scale, (2) satisfaction with life as measured by a four-item scale, and (3) social participation as measured by contact with relatives and friends. Independent variables were age, education, skill level, unemployment status, number of months of unemployment, degree of economic deprivation, and the amount of variance explained by each combination of five at a time. Data indicated that the situational factor (the degree of economic deprivation) was more important than the mobility factor (post-displacement job pattern) in shaping the attitudes and behavior of displaced workers. Economic deprivation was more productive of alienatory attitudes and behavior (anomia, dissatisfaction with life, and withdrawal from human contacts) than job mobility. (ET)

Published
1967

13. Problems of Bilingualism.

Author

Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, Ann Arbor, MI. and Macnamara, John

Abstract

This issue of The Journal of Social Issues is devoted to nine articles on the topic of bilingualism written by authorities in the fields of linguistics, anthropology, sociology, psychology, and education. The authors and their topics are: (1) Dell Hymes, "Models of the Interaction between Language and Social Setting," (2) Joshua A. Fishman, "Bilingualism With and Without Diglossia; Diglossia With and Without Bilingualism," (3) Heinz Kloss, "Bilingualism and Nationalism," (4) John J. Gumperz, "On the Linguistic Markers of Bilingual Communication," (5) John Macnamara, "The Bilingual's Linguistic Performance--A Psychological Overview," (6) Susan Ervin-Tripp, "An Issei Learns English," (7) Wallace E. Lambert, "A Social Psychology of Bilingualism," (8) A. Bruce Gaarder, "Organization of the Bilingual School," and (9) John Macnamara, "The Effects of Instruction in a Weaker Language." (JD)

Published
1967

14. Problems in Foreign Language Testing; Proceedings of a Conference Held at the University of Michigan, September 1967.

Author

Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Research Club in Language Learning., Upshur, John A., and Fata, Julia

Abstract

The 14 conference papers and discussion transcripts in this volume were arranged to suggest both an outline of the state of the art of foreign language testing and a practical guide for test writers and users. The first two papers (T.R. Hopkins, Language Testing of North American Indians; and E.J. Briere, Testing ESL Among Navajo Children) deal with specific groups. A paper by D.A. White (Second Language Testing Requirements of the Canadian Public Service Commission) shows the vast range of problems and their consequences. Two papers present models of language behavior (L.A. Jakobovits, Dimensionality of Compound-Coordinate Bilingualism; and R.L. Cooper, An Elaborated Language Testing Model). The three following papers discuss testing variables and instrumentation (P. Pimsleur, Aptitude Testing; B. Spolsky et al., Preliminary studies in the Development of Techniques for Testing Overall Second Language Proficiency; and T. Plaister, Testing Aural Comprehension). Test validity is dealt with in papers by R.M. Valette (Evaluating Oral and Written Communication), E.G. Lewis (International Education Assessment--English as a Foreign Language), and E. Ingram (Testing in the Context of a Language Learning Experiment). Finally, two papers discuss classification of tests (W.F. Mackey, The Typology, Classification and Analysis of Language Tests; and J. Savard, A Proposed System for Classifying Language Tests). A summary of the conference was written by L.A. Palmer. (JD)

Published
1968

17. good work

Author

An Ann Arbor Feminist

Published
1984

18. Combined Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second and Forced Vital Capacity Bronchodilator Response, Exacerbations, and Mortality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Author

Fortis, Spyridon, Comellas, Alejandro, Make, Barry J, Hersh, Craig P, Bodduluri, Sandeep, Georgopoulos, Dimitris, Kim, Victor, Criner, Gerard J, Dransfield, Mark T, Bhatt, Surya P, and COPDGene Investigators–Core Units: <italic>Administrative Center</italic>, COPDGene Investigators–Clinical Centers: <italic>Ann Arbor VA</italic>

Subjects
DRUG therapy for asthma, OBSTRUCTIVE lung disease diagnosis, ASTHMA diagnosis, ASTHMA-related mortality, DISEASE progression, RESEARCH, MULTIVARIATE analysis, RESEARCH methodology, RESPIRATORY measurements, RETROSPECTIVE studies, EVALUATION research, MEDICAL cooperation, BRONCHODILATOR agents, TREATMENT effectiveness, RISK assessment, SEVERITY of illness index, COMPARATIVE studies, FORCED expiratory volume, OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases, SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry), PULMONARY function tests, RESEARCH funding, COMPUTED tomography, LOGISTIC regression analysis, SPIROMETRY, LONGITUDINAL method, PROPORTIONAL hazards models
Abstract

Rationale: The American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society defines a positive bronchodilator response (BDR) by a composite of BDR in either forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and/or forced vital capacity (FVC) greater than or equal to 12% and 200 ml (ATS-BDR). We hypothesized that ATS-BDR components would be differentially associated with important chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outcomes. Objectives: To examine whether ATS-BDR components are differentially associated with clinical, functional, and radiographic features in COPD. Methods: We included subjects with COPD enrolled in the COPDGene study. In the main analysis, we excluded subjects with self-reported asthma. We categorized BDR into the following: 1) No-BDR, no BDR in either FEV1 or FVC; 2) FEV1-BDR, BDR in FEV1 but no BDR in FVC; 3) FVC-BDR, BDR in FVC but no BDR in FEV1; and 4) Combined-BDR, BDR in both FEV1 and FVC. We constructed multivariable logistic, linear, zero-inflated negative binomial, and Cox hazards models to examine the association of BDR categories with symptoms, computed tomography findings, change in FEV1 over time, respiratory exacerbations, and mortality. We also created models using the ATS BDR definition (ATS-BDR) as the main independent variable. Results: Of 3,340 COPD subjects included in the analysis, 1,083 (32.43%) had ATS-BDR, 182 (5.45%) had FEV1-BDR, 522 (15.63%) had FVC-BDR, and 379 (11.34%) had Combined-BDR. All BDR categories were associated with FEV1 decline compared with No-BDR. Compared with No-BDR, both ATS-BDR and Combined-BDR were associated with higher functional residual capacity %predicted, greater internal perimeter of 10 mm, and greater 6-minute-walk distance. In contrast to ATS-BDR, Combined-BDR was independently associated with less emphysema (adjusted beta regression coefficient, -1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.68 to -0.65; P = 0.001), more frequent respiratory exacerbations (incidence rate ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03-1.50; P = 0.02) and severe exacerbations (incidence rate ratio, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05-1.71; P = 0.02), and lower mortality (adjusted hazards ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58-0.99; P = 0.046). Sensitivity analysis that included subjects with self-reported history of asthma showed similar findings. Conclusions: BDR in both FEV1 and FVC indicates a COPD phenotype with asthma-like characteristics, and provides clinically more meaningful information than current definitions of BDR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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21. Natural abundance of Sb and Sc in pristine groundwaters, Springwater Township, Ontario, Canada, and implications for tracing contamination from landfill leachates.

Author

William Shotyk, Michael Krachler, Bin ChenPresent address: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA., James ZhengPresent address: GSC Northern Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, and Canada K1A 0E8

Published
2005

22. Analysis of the thermal performance of a building design located at <f>2465 m</f>: Antalya-Saklikent National Observatory guesthouse.

Author

Demirbilek, F. Nur, Yalçiner, Ugur G., Ecevit, Ahmet, Sahmali, 8/1</f> Asagi Ayranci, 06540 Ankara, Turkey, and Inanici, +</f> Urban Planning, 2000 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2069, USA

Subjects
THERMAL properties of buildings, ARCHITECTURE & solar radiation
Abstract

This study is based on thermal performance analysis and evaluation of the National Observatory guesthouse with the software SUNCODE-PC. The study is unique owing to its high-altitude site (2465 m) in a remote area, harsh climate (with almost no data available), and functional restrictions of astronomical facilities. The design is thermally evaluated through different modes of application of insulation, materials, types of glazing, window/wall ratios, Trombe walls, winter night insulation, summer ventilation and shading. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2003
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32. Branched Aramid Nanofibers

Author

Kotov, Nicholas [Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109 USA, Department of Materials Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109 USA, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109 USA, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109 USA] (ORCID:0000000268645804)

Published
2017
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37. Consensus-based recommendations for investigating clinical heterogeneity in systematic reviews.

Author

Gagnier, Joel J, Morgenstern, Hal, Altman, Doug G, Berlin, Jesse, Chang, Stephanie, McCulloch, Peter, Sun, Xin, Moher, David, and Ann Arbor Clinical Heterogeneity Consensus Group

Abstract

Background: Critics of systematic reviews have argued that these studies often fail to inform clinical decision making because their results are far too general, that the data are sparse, such that findings cannot be applied to individual patients or for other decision making. While there is some consensus on methods for investigating statistical and methodological heterogeneity, little attention has been paid to clinical aspects of heterogeneity. Clinical heterogeneity, true effect heterogeneity, can be defined as variability among studies in the participants, the types or timing of outcome measurements, and the intervention characteristics. The objective of this project was to develop recommendations for investigating clinical heterogeneity in systematic reviews.Methods: We used a modified Delphi technique with three phases: (1) pre-meeting item generation; (2) face-to-face consensus meeting in the form of a modified Delphi process; and (3) post-meeting feedback. We identified and invited potential participants with expertise in systematic review methodology, systematic review reporting, or statistical aspects of meta-analyses, or those who published papers on clinical heterogeneity.Results: Between April and June of 2011, we conducted phone calls with participants. In June 2011 we held the face-to-face focus group meeting in Ann Arbor, Michigan. First, we agreed upon a definition of clinical heterogeneity: Variations in the treatment effect that are due to differences in clinically related characteristics. Next, we discussed and generated recommendations in the following 12 categories related to investigating clinical heterogeneity: the systematic review team, planning investigations, rationale for choice of variables, types of clinical variables, the role of statistical heterogeneity, the use of plotting and visual aids, dealing with outlier studies, the number of investigations or variables, the role of the best evidence synthesis, types of statistical methods, the interpretation of findings, and reporting.Conclusions: Clinical heterogeneity is common in systematic reviews. Our recommendations can help guide systematic reviewers in conducting valid and reliable investigations of clinical heterogeneity. Findings of these investigations may allow for increased applicability of findings of systematic reviews to the management of individual patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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