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Purpose: To describe the reflectance adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) findings in different stages of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and correlate them to visual gain post treatment. Confocal (cAOSLO) and non-confocal split-detector AOSLO (sdAOSLO) were used to assess longitudinally the status of the photoreceptors in a patient with VKH managed on corticosteroid and immunomodulatory therapy. Observation: A 32-year-old Japanese American female presented with a 2-week history of blurred vision in both eyes (OU) and worsening headache previously diagnosed as a case of VKH and treated with high dose oral prednisone. At the time of presentation, though vision was improving, and frank serous retinal detachments were absent, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed presence of residual subretinal fluid with disruption of the photoreceptor inner segments and outer segments (IS/OS) involving OU. The photoreceptor mosaic at the foveal center appeared very sparse with large areas devoid of visible photoreceptors on cAOSLO, in agreement with the SD-OCT data. sdAOSLO imaging over the same location shows a higher number of contiguous photoreceptors. After imaging, the patient was started on mycophenolate mofetil as steroid-sparing long-term therapy. Three months later, visual acuity improved to 20/20 OU, and SD-OCT showed almost complete resolution of subretinal fluid with significant improvement of the IS/OS SD-OCT signal, OU. cAOSLO imaging revealed a contiguous photoreceptor mosaic without gaps and of normal appearance. Conclusions and Importance: VKH patients may demonstrate transient photoreceptor abnormalities on SD-OCT and cAOSLO imaging. sdAOSLO imaging revealed intact photoreceptor segments in areas that appeared as voids on cAOSLO, which later showed structural recovery on SD-OCT and cAOSLO. Therefore, sdAOSLO may predict potential for improvement in patients wherein there appears to be photoreceptor loss in cAOSLO and/or SD-OCT.

Ho Duc Hung,1 Duong Dinh Chinh,2 Pham Van Tan,3 Nguyen Viet Duong,1 Nguyen Quoc Anh,3 Nguyen Huu Le,4 Ho Xuan Tuan,5 Nguyen Tuan Anh,6 Nguyen Thi Thuy Duong,7 Vu Duy Kien8 1Quynh Lap National Leprosy Dermatology Hospital, Hoang Mai Town, Nghe An, Vietnam; 2Nghe An Department of Health, Vinh City, Nghe An, Vietnam; 3Vietnam National Eye Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Nghe An Eye Hospital, Vinh City, Nghe An, Vietnam; 5School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Da Nang, Da Nang City, Vietnam; 6Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 7National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; 8OnCare Medical Technology Company Limited, Hanoi, VietnamCorrespondence: Ho Duc HungQuynh Lap National Leprosy Dermatology Hospital, Quynh Thien Ward, Hoang Mai, Nghe An, VietnamTel +84 912287851Email hoduchung0905@gmail.comPurpose: To assess the prevalence of myopia and associated factors among secondary school children in a rural area of Vietnam.Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study of children in grades six to nine was conducted in four secondary schools in Hoang Mai town, Nghe An Province, Vietnam, during December 2018 and January 2019. The status of myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent objective refractive error of − 0.50 D or worse in either eye. A case–control study was conducted to explore factors associated with myopia, where children with myopia were considered to be cases, and children without myopia were considered to be controls. Factors associated with myopia were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results: The prevalence of myopia among secondary school children was 14.2% (95% CI: 12.7– 15.7%) and tended to increase with grade, from 10.5% in grade six to 17.7% in grade nine. Myopia prevalence in girls was significantly higher than in boys. Factors associated with myopia were a mother with a college/university education (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.2– 5.3), parents who wore spectacles (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1– 3.8), distance from near work (OR = 5.2, 95% CI = 3.5– 7.9), and taking breaks after 30 minutes of continued reading (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1– 2.5). However, there were inverse associations with myopia for children belonging to the wealthiest households (OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1– 0.5) and time spent performing outdoor activities (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4– 0.9).Conclusion: Our study showed that the prevalence of myopia is considerable among secondary children in rural areas of Vietnam. The prevalence of myopia tended to increase among children in higher grade levels. Thus, appropriate interventions should be developed and conducted to deal with the issue of school-age myopia.Keywords: myopia, vision impairment, prevalence, secondary school children, rural, Vietnam

Nguyen Duy Hung,1,2,* Nguyen Duy Linh,3,4,* Nguyen Ha Vi,1 Nguyen Thi Van Anh,5 Nguyen Dinh Hieu,1,6 Duong Dai Ha,3,7 Nguyen Minh Duc8 1Department of Radiology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 2Department of Radiology, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 3Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Department of Surgery, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam; 5Department of Radiology, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 6Department of Radiology, Ha Dong General Hospital, Ha Noi, Vietnam; 7Neurosurgery Center, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 8Department of Radiology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Nguyen Minh Duc, Department of Radiology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, 2 Duong Quang Trung Ward 12 District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam, Email bsnguyenminhduc@pnt.edu.vnObjective: This study aimed to assess the predictive value of preoperative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data for surgical outcomes of patients with supratentorial glioma in the motor function area.Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 43 patients receiving navigation-guided surgery for histopathologically demonstrated supratentorial glioma in the motor function area. All patients underwent preoperative 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging examinations with conventional and DTI sequences. Data on preoperative imaging and pre- and postoperative clinical characteristics of patients were retrospectively collected. Univariate and multivariate linear regressions were applied to analyze the relationships between preoperative parameters and pre- and postoperative muscle strength and the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score.Results: Fourteen patients had low-grade gliomas and 29 had high-grade gliomas. Although the corticospinal tract (CST) score did not differ significantly between tumor grades, edema and deviation were common in low-grade gliomas (64.3%), while destroyed and infiltrated lesions were common in high-grade gliomas (58.6%). Muscle strength improved after surgery in the deviated tract group (40%) more than in the infiltrated tract group (33.3%). Two independent indices, preoperative muscle strength (p = 0.000) and glioma-to-CST distance (p = 0.001), were linearly related to postoperative muscle strength. The preoperative KPS score was the only indicator that affected the postoperative KPS score (p = 0.000).Conclusion: DTI should be considered in surgical management of supratentorial gliomas in the motor function area to determine the appropriate surgical strategy and predict the nature of the tumor and postoperative motor function.Keywords: diffusion tensor imaging, supratentorial glioma, preoperative planning, surgical outcomes, motor cortex

To evaluate the effects of fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) on semiautomated aqueous flare measurements Laser flare photometer (LFP) measurements was performed at baseline, 30 min, and 4 h after the intravenous administration of sodium fluorescein dye. FFA was performed immediately after the baseline LFP measurement. LFP values at 30 min and 4 h after FFA were compared to baseline values. Mean change in LFP measurements at 30 min and 4 hafter baseline was compared between FFA arm and controls. The mean flare measurement in the FFA and control arm dropped 6% (p value = 0.002) and 9% (p value = 0.04), respectively. Mean change in LFP measurement at 30 min and 4 h after baseline was not significant between FFA arm and controls. Administration of fluorescein dye does not increase LFP values. The decrease in the LFP measurement following FFA may be attributed to dilation drops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various support and self-help groups for people living with HIV and their families have developed in Viet Nam in recent years. This paper reports on a case study of Sunflowers, the first support group for HIV positive mothers in Hanoi, begun in 2004, and a sister group begun in 2005 in Thai Nguyen province. From April 2004 to early 2007, we carried out semi-structured interviews with 275 health care workers and 153 HIV-positive women and members of their families, as well as participant observation of group meetings and activities. Sunflowers have successfully organised themselves to access vital social, medical and economic support and services for themselves, their children and partners. They gained self-confidence, and learned to communicate with their peers and voice their needs to service providers. Based on personal development plans, they have accessed other state services, such as loans, job counselling and legal advice. They have also gained access to school and treatment for their children, who had previously been excluded. Although the women were vulnerable to HIV as wives and mothers, motherhood also provided them with social status and an identity they used to help build organisations and develop strategies to access the essential services that they and their families need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]