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E-commerce sites, forums, and blogs have become popular platforms for people to share their views. Reviews have emerged as a crucial source of information for potential customers, influencing their purchasing decisions. Similarly for gaining profit or fame, Spam reviews are deliberately written with the intention of defaming businesses or individuals. This act is known as review spamming. Spam review detection is rapidly answered by various ML techniques. Review of spamming is more challenging task in multilingual communities. Spammer behavior features and linguistic features often exhibit complex relationships that influence the nature of spam reviews. The unified representation of features is another challenging task in spam detection. Various deep learning approaches have been proposed for review spamming, including different neural networks (Convolutional Neural Network, CNN). These methods are specialized in extracting the features but lack to capture feature dependencies effectively with other features. Spam Review Detection using the Fusion Gradient Boosting (GB) Model and Support Vector Machine (SVM) (Hybrid-BoostSVM) is proposed with fusion of spammer behavior features and linguistic features to automatically detect and classify the spam reviews. Fusion enables the proposed model to automatically learn the interactions between the features during the training process, allowing it to capture complex relationships and make predictions based on both types of features. It apparently shows the promising result by obtaining 94.6 % accuracy.

Building multi-storey shopping malls has grown to be a very lucrative industry for investors in recent years. As a result, the success of a plaza depends on a variety of elements, including its design, security, appealing façade, and amenities. This study examined the structural systems, services, and architectural designs of a few of Lahore's prosperous plazas. Food courts and hyper malls provide essential functions that boost foot traffic and have the potential to revolutionise the way that entertainment amenities raise a mall's worth. Mixed-use multi-story spaces such as those that combine offices, apartments, and retail stores can also increase the efficiency of a mall in terms of sales and attractiveness. The assessment parameters in case studies include the gross area, circulation, parking area, toilet area, services area, and vertical transportation, with average values of 33,83 %, 22,00 %, 24,30 %,1,10 %, 3,05 %, and 4,60 %, respectively. These will assist future studies to determine the minimum threshold for success, making mall planning easier and more accurate. High-quality malls have higher occupancy because they offer better quality development, facilities, sustainable techniques, and amenities to support the overall development, along with shop sizes that suit international brands. This research defines the emerging trends and provides guidelines for the future architectural planning, structural systems, and services of shopping malls in Lahore to meet sustainable development goals and attract more shoppers.

Brain tumour disease develops due to abnormal cell proliferation. The early identification of brain tumours is vital for their effective treatment. Most currently available examination methods are laborious, require extensive manual instructions, and produce subpar findings. The EfficientNet-B0 architecture was used to diagnose brain tumours using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The fine-tuned EffeceintNet B0 model was proposed for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) environment. The fine-tuned EfficientNet-B0 architecture was employed to classify four different stages of brain tumours from the MRI images. The fine-tuned model showed 99% accuracy in the detection of four different classes of brain tumour detection (glioma, no tumour, meningioma, and pituitary). The proposed model performed very well in the detection of the pituitary class with a precision of 0.95, recall of 0.98, and F1 score of 0.96. The proposed model also performed very well in the detection of the no-tumour class with values of 0.99, 0.90, and 0.94 for precision, recall, and the F1 score, respectively. The precision, recall, and F1 scores for Glioma and Meningioma classes were also high. The proposed solution has several implications for enhancing clinical investigations of brain tumours.

Please view the PDF to see the formatted meeting abstract.

Please view the PDF to see the formatted meeting abstract.

Please view the PDF to see the formatted meeting abstract.

Background and study aims The impact of guidewire caliber on endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERCP) outcomes are not clear. Recent studies have compared two guidewires, 0.035- and 0.025-inch, in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of available RCTs to assess if different caliber would change the outcomes in ERCP. Patients and methods A systematic search of PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane, SciELO, Global Index Medicus and Web of Science was undertaken through November 23, 2021 to identify relevant RCTs comparing the two guidewires. Binary variables were compared using random effects model and DerSimonian-Laird approach. For each outcome, risk-ratio (RR), 95 % confidence interval (CI), and P values were generated. P

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Thyrotoxicosis is a disease in which thyroid hormones are raised, and we have seen multiple patients suffering from this ailment in Pakistan. Methimazole is an anti-thyroid drug for thyrotoxicosis. Hepatotoxicity and liver ailments were common with methimazole prescribed for hypothyroid patients. Hypothyroidism, a common side effect of this drug, has been seen in a majority of patients, but liver toxicity remained unaddressed. So, in this study, we have observed histological changes in the liver after methimazole administration. METHODOLOGY: The pilot study was carried out in the University of Health Sciences (UHS), Lahore, and was ended in twenty-one days. We divided animals in 2 groups. Each group comprises 12 animals. Group-I was negative control, and water was given through the oral route for 21 days. Group-II was administered methimazole orally 60mg/kg/day for twenty-one days. At the end;S animals were dissected, and livers were removed for histological examination. RESULTS: The histological picture of the liver showed 75% severe disruption in liver architecture, inflammation, and fatty change in group 2, indicating liver damage. CONCLUSION: Methimazole, hepatotoxic with discernable damage to its architecture, epithelium, and inflammatory changes.

This paper examines the career choice narratives and their possible impact on female adolescents’ career constructs and academic aspirations in the Kasur district. The study presumes that narratives, integrated with socio-economic factors have the potential to influence career trajectories of female youth. Considering language structure as central to the system of interaction (Giddens, 1986), it takes Cognitive linguistic approach to CDA (Hart, 2014) and analyses how linguistic force-interactive patterns can influence female students’ career self-efficacy beliefs, outcome expectations and goals. The results reveal that social actors, with their linguistic choices, become a source of enablement or dissuasion for females’ career path. The research allowed young women to voice their feelings and remove barriers to better understanding their academic/professional competence; the findings are helpful to contextualize career guiding discourse.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the brief fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety in young adults. Sample of 230 young adults (110=males, 120=females)was taken from different departments of Bahaudin Zakriya University Multan. The study aimed to check the correlation between fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety and differences in fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety among males and females as well as among undergraduate and post graduate students. Brief fear of negative evaluation scale (Leary, M. R., 1983) and Liebowitz social anxiety scale (Michael R. Liebowitz, 1987) was used. Findings revealed positive correlation between social anxiety and Brief fear of negative evaluation. The study concluded that fear of negative evaluation produce social anxiety in young adults (university students). Independent t test confirmed the significant difference among male, females as well as among undergraduate and post graduate on these two variables. Female students showed more fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety than male students; similarly, undergraduate students showed more social anxiety.

Abstract The paper establishes the link between community clouds and m-commerce. The research questions attempt to provide an understanding of the various shopping domains and their convergence through mobile devices. In addition, insight is provided into the development and growth of mobile trends within the context of m-commerce and the cloud. This enables analysis of the Privacy by Design (PbD) framework and uses it to evaluate the next generation of m-commerce designs. This is followed by a discussion of the current issues based on the PbD framework, as well as offers of a solution framework to address the relevant challenges.

Objective: To determine the effect of interpupillary distance (IPD) on stereopsis and to compare this affect in male and female population. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 individuals of either gender with age ranging from 15 to 30 years. Sample was recruited by non-probability convenient sampling technique at Ophthalmology department of Madina Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad from August 2018 to December 2018. Individuals with any ocular pathology, un-corrected refractive error or drug users were excluded. Near IPD was measured using millimeter scale and stereopsis was evaluated using titmus fly test. Data was analyzed by SPSS21. P value ?0.05 was considered significant. Results: Our study comprised of 30 subjects of aged range 15-30 years. 15 participants were male and 15 were females. IPD values for both genders were ranged between 62 – 66 mm. mean IPD was 65± 1.01 mm for male and 64.8± 1.14 mm for female ,no significant difference was observed in mean IPD among gender ( P value = 0.41) by t test. Both male and females have high IPD and low depth of perception (< 40 sec of arc), no significant difference in levels of Stereopsis was noted among gender (P value= 0.36). Pearson's correlation showed significant relation between IPD and stereopsis. (P value= 0000*). Conclusion: We found higher IPD and low depth of perception among both genders.

Background: The assessment of anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness assist the researcher in comparing the growth and health status of urban and rural school girls. Purpose of this research was to examine anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness of urban and rural school girls of district Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Methods: The participants were government primary schoolgirls (urban = 200), and (rural = 200), within the age of 8-10 years. The selected anthropometric and physical fitness variables were stature, body mass, skinfolds, girths, breadths, lengths, speed, standing broad jump, agility, ball throw, handgrip strength, endurance, and flexibility. A student t-test was applied to assess the difference between urban and rural school girls in their anthropometric and physical fitness measures. Results: Results showed the urban school girl was significantly superior in body mass, iliac-crest skinfold(P< .04), abdominal skinfold(P< .04), waist girth (P< .04), hip girth (P< .01), thigh girth(P< .01), arm length, and hand length. In contrast, the rural school girls were significantly higher in speed(P< .02), agility(P< .02), ball throw (P< .02), flexibility( P< .03), run and walk (P< .04) than the urban school girls. Conclusion: It is concluded the urban school girls were higher in skin folds and girths, indicate high body fats than rural school girls. As a result, urban school girls were lower in fitness capacity than rural because higher body fat reduces fitness performance. It is suggested the parents and school administration focus to provide such activities to improve physical fitness and reduce body fats of urban school girls. The future study focusses on investigating the effects of food intake on the anthropometric characteristics, and physical fitness of urban and rural school children.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Thyrotoxicosis is a disease in which thyroid hormones are raised, and we have seen multiple patients suffering from this ailment in Pakistan. Methimazole is an anti-thyroid drug for thyrotoxicosis. Hepatotoxicity and liver ailments were common with methimazole prescribed for hypothyroid patients. Hypothyroidism, a common side effect of this drug, has been seen in a majority of patients, but liver toxicity remained unaddressed. So, in this study, we have observed histological changes in the liver after methimazole administration. METHODOLOGY: The pilot study was carried out in the University of Health Sciences (UHS), Lahore, and was ended in twenty-one days. We divided animals in 2 groups. Each group comprises 12 animals. Group-I was negative control, and water was given through the oral route for 21 days. Group-II was administered methimazole orally 60mg/kg/day for twentyone days. At the end;S animals were dissected, and livers were removed for histological examination. RESULTS: The histological picture of the liver showed 75% severe disruption in liver architecture, inflammation, and fatty change in group 2, indicating liver damage. CONCLUSION: Methimazole, hepatotoxic with discernable damage to its architecture, epithelium, and inflammatory changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress is basic to life whether we are wealthy, powerful, good looking, happy, employed or unemployed. Stress is experienced by all in their everyday lives in a wide variety of situations and settings, in the family, in school and on the job. Sometime it continues for a long time. Sometimes it is intense and sometimes it is mild. It varies across time in a particular individual and it varies between individuals. An experience that is stressful for one person may not be stressful for another, and may even be exciting or challenging for still another. People experience stress while taking a difficult examination, going to a dentist, being stuck in traffic, losing a job, moving to a new community, entering a parenthood, losing a spouse through divorce or death, or retiring from a career. We often have people say they are "under lot of stress", usually meaning that they feel unable to deal with the demands of their environment and they feel tense and uncomfortable. We understand the meaning because majority of the people have had similar experience, which are labeled stressful (Robbin, 1998). The dynamic nature of culture makes it imperative that we seek education. Pakistan's commission on national education rightly observed that education is a complex and highly specialized filed. In this field, teacher plays a vital role in behaviors modification and academic progress of students. He always keeps in mind the individual differences, attitudes and aptitude of the students. The present state of the teaching profession is one of confusion, dissatisfaction, and failure. Teachers have a wide range of meanings, when they use the term stress and they accept or deny existence of stress in themselves or in their colleagues. Some teachers/administrators define stress as an anxiety, fear, inability to cope, frustration and unhappiness while others associate stress with personal weakness and professional competence (Seley, 1983). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder that primarily affects motor functions along with cognitive, hearing, speech, and oral health functions1,2. Morbidity data has shown that CP is more common in males in Karachi, Pakistan3. CP management often requires many interventions including anticonvulsant medications, bimanual training, botulinum toxins, castings, context-focused therapy, home-based therapy, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, and even surgeries in extreme cases4. Apart from these interventions, acupuncture is an effective and widely used method of rehabilitation to treat addiction, asthma, cancer pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic prostatitis, CP, depression, dental pain, fibromyalgia, headaches, infertility, irritable bowel syndrome, labor pain, menstrual cramps, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, post-operative pain, sciatica, urinary incontinence, and many more