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Key Clinical Message: Cesarean scar pregnancy cases who undergo hysteroscopic suction aspiration could be at higher risk of air emboli due to dilated, low‐resistant, high‐velocity blood vessels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A low progesterone level on the embryo transfer (ET) day significantly reduces the pregnancy rate. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of adding daily 50 mg intramuscular progesterone to a total of 800 mg progesterone suppository on the in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rate in women with low progesterone levels. Materials and Methods: This parallel open-label clinical trial was performed on 218 IVF candidate infertile women who had <9.2 ng/ml progesterone levels on the ET day. These women were randomised to the intervention or control group using the randomisation allocation rule. In the intervention group, 50 mg progesterone was prescribed intramuscularly once daily in addition to 400 mg of progesterone suppository every 12 hours from the day of ET. The control group received only 400 mg of progesterone suppositories every 12 hours. In the case of pregnancy, the drugs above were continued until 12 weeks after the ET. Results: Clinical pregnancy occurred in 54 (50.0%) women in the intervention group and in 39 (36.8%) women in the control group, which was significantly different (P=0.035). Ongoing pregnancy occurred in 47 (43.5%) women in the intervention group, and 33 (31.1%) women in the control group, which was significantly different (P=0.042). There were no significant differences in terms of abortion and multiple pregnancy rates between the two groups. Conclusion: Intramuscular injection of 50 mg progesterone significantly increases the clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates (registration number: IRCT20150105020558N6). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vincristine (VCR) induces peripheral neuropathy. We aimed to assess the efficacy of modafinil on VCR‐induced neuropathy in rats. Neuropathy was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of VCR (0.1 mg/kg). Neuropathic groups received modafinil (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg); gabapentin (20 mg/kg); and a combination of modafinil (5 and 50 mg/kg) and gabapentin (20 mg/kg,). Then, electrophysiological, behavioural, biochemical and pathological evaluations were performed. Latencies of tail‐flick and von Frey filament tests, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and excitation of nerve conduction were decreased. Moreover, the transient receptor potential cation channel ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) level was increased, while TRPV1 and N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) levels remained unchanged. Tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) levels were markedly elevated. Pre‐treatment with modafinil prevented sensorimotor neuropathy by raising latencies, MNCV and excitation, reducing TRPA1, TNF‐α and IL‐1β levels. Modafinil improved behavioural, electrophysiological and pathological disturbances. The results showed that TRPA1 has a more important role than NMDA and TRPV1, in VCR‐induced neuropathic pain. In addition, inflammatory mediators, TNF‐α and IL‐1β, were involved. Further, the combination of modafinil and gabapentin improved the neuroprotective effect of gabapentin. So, modafinil might be a neuroprotective agent in the prevention of VCR‐induced neuropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on the design of a single protection layer to cover both the screening and damping characteristics of a large-scale high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wind turbine synchronous generator under sudden short-circuit conditions. Due to small synchronous reactance of HTS generators, short-circuit condition causes substantial fault current in the stator windings, which produces high unbalance variable magnetic field as well as substantial mechanical fluctuations issues. The former one can lead to unstable condition for HTS field windings, due to induced ac loss and field overcurrent, and the latter one can produce large fluctuations on the generator rotational speed and rotor torque angle. The proposed protection layer is designed in a way that not only screening capability is provided for the HTS windings by preventing unbalance magnetic field penetration, but desirable damping ratio is also achieved so that the fluctuations are suppressed in a proper transient time. A 10-MW-class HTS synchronous generator is modeled and simulated using finite element method under different short-circuit conditions. The temperature variation study and field overcurrent analysis are provided to show the compatibility of the proposed model. In addition, magnetic force distribution and static eccentricity fault detection analyses are provided, which guarantee the proper dynamic performance of the studied generator using the proposed protection layer. Simulation results confirm that with the proposed protection layer, both the screening and damping characteristics of the 10-MW-class HTS generator are obtained and proper transient dynamic responses are deduced for wind power applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]