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Urban greening is a crucial trend for achieving sustainability as it helps enhance the local climate and lower temperatures. So interesting green elements in cities is an urgent necessity, not an option. This study tries to elucidate suitable urban greening solutions in cities compact and limited in space. This study aims to clarify relevant urban greening strategies in densely populated cities with limited space, particularly old historical cities, by employing a methodology that involves formulating effective and suitable indicators to enhance urban greening in such places. The findings of the theoretical framework revealed various approaches to implementing urban greening in densely populated cities. These include the establishment of a network of green spaces, the installation of green roofs, the incorporation of front balconies, the use of temporary vegetation, and the creation of gardens and parks outside the city. These strategies were assessed using descriptive methods. These indicators were implemented in the ancient city located in the Al-Najaf Governorate, which is a historically significant city and a crucial hub. The implementation of these strategies can enhance the local climate of the city and transform its roadways and structures in a sustainable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable urban housing is one of the most important and pressing issues facing cities in the developing world, which has been studied in recent decades in order to achieve sustainability. This research addressed the main factors of sustainable urban housing (diversity, density, sustainable transportation, and social interaction), which contribute to achieving sustainable urban housing. Field surveys, charts and maps, based on geographic information systems, were used to analyze and measure indicators derived from these factors. The practical study was conducted in the Hindiya neighborhood in Najaf, Iraq. This research paper raised the problem of the weak application of sustainable urban housing indicators in residential neighborhoods, this study used an approach that aimed to establish a sustainable urban environment by understanding the fundamental function of determinants and indicators of sustainable urban housing. The study can assist urban planners and engineers to use the research findings as a tool to build sustainable residential areas. The study assumes the existence of a set of factors, indicators and standards through which sustainable urban housing can be achieved. The study's findings revealed that the study area (Al-Hindiya neighborhood) attained an index of service accessibility and an indicator of social contact. Communication and social engagement indicators are also high. This reflects positively on the study area's potential for sustainability. While the study discovered that the mixed use index is low in the study area due to the prevalence of residential use. The research helps to define the physical, social, and economic components of sustainable urban housing, as well as the various purposes it serves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many areas of Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, there has been an unplanned and random shift in urban land use where a significant portion of the residential land within the city has been converted to commercial uses. This alteration in land use has led to severe traffic congestion due to the influx of vehicles frequenting these areas, the streets' insufficient capacity to handle the vehicular traffic, and a lack of adequate parking spaces. The research aims to develop a statistical model to calculate the needed parking spaces in Baghdad's commercial areas. It is estimated that the required vehicle parking can be determined by the areas of the buildings. The research concludes that certain commercial activities, such as restaurants and stores, necessitate more vehicle parking compared to other commercial activities, and the demand for parking spaces is directly proportional to the commercial activities' area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research deals with the concept of a safe city and the impact of security on cities, in an attempt to identify the most important physical characteristics and indicators necessary to achieve safety in cities. The research identified seven characteristics (access and movement, structure, control, ownership, protection, activity, management and maintenance). From these seven characteristics, eighteen indicators were derived that directly affected the achievement of safety in urban environments. These indicators were applied to the study area, An-Najaf traditional city in Iraq. By adopting the analysis of indicators using field survey, observation and analysis using geographic information systems and mathematical models. The indicators that contributed to achieving a number of characteristics of safe cities in An-Najaf traditional city were identified: the structure of the city, the homogeneity of society, as well as the activity characteristic, as it was characterized by religious and tourism activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of urban transformations has attracted the attention of researchers as it is one of the basic issues through which cities can be transformed towards sustainability. A specific level of transformation levels according to a philosophical concept known as a crossing. This article has relied on a specific methodology that aims to find a new approach for urban transformation based on the crossing concept. This concept derives from philosophical entrances based on the concepts of (being, process, becoming, and integration). Four levels have been for the crossing are (normal, ascending, leap, and descending). Each of these levels includes specific characteristics that distinguish it. The results showed that there is no descending crossing in the study area and that four indicators that have achieved leap crossing are: (coverage ratio, compactness, Effectiveness of the pedestrian and bicycle movement, and proximity. As for ascending crossing achieved in three indicators are: mix land use, blocks' length, and connectivity, as for normal crossing achieved in three indicators are: diversity of building heights, population density, and housing density. These results help in making the planning decision to transform traditional Karbala city into a sustainable city, by giving priority in development to the indicators that have achieved ascending crossing because it takes less time and effort to reach the leap crossing in comparison with indicators that have achieved normal crossing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]