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Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Hypericum perforatum extract on amikacin-induced kidney disease in rats. Methods: About 28 female Spraque-Dawley rats were separated into groups. The control, amikacin, amikacin+ H. perforatum extract, and H. perforatum extract groups were given intraperitoneally 1 mL of serum physiologic, amikacin (1.2 g/kg), H. perforatum extract (50 mg/kg) +amikacin (1.2 g/kg), and H. perforatum extract (50 mg/kg), respectively. On the third day, serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, histopathology, and apoptosis were explored in kidney tissue. Results: The serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were higher in H. perforatum extract-pretreated amikacin group than in the other groups. Kidney malondialdehyde levels which showed oxidative injury were lowest in the serum physiologic group and highest in amikacin and amikacin+H. perforatum extract groups. Anti-oxidative enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) levels decreased more in amikacin and amikacin+H. perforatum extract groups than serum physiologic (control) and H. perforatum extract groups. Histopathological damage scores of the amikacin+H. perforatum extract group were higher than the other groups. Proximal tubular tissue necrosis was observed in all of the rats in amikacin and amikacin+H. perforatum extract groups. Amikacin and amikacin+H. perforatum extract groups demonstrated the highest apoptotic index percentage. Conclusion: We found that H. perforatum extract increased kidney injury mostly through oxidative damage and induction of apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study, methoxy benzoin compounds (1-10) were synthesized from the corresponding aromatic aldehydes based on a screening of biological activity. Oxidation and reduction of benzoins (1-10) yielded the corresponding benzils (11-20) and stilbenoids (21-29), respectively. The enzyme inhibition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of 1-29 were evaluated. 1, 14, 19, and 28 against a-amylase, 15 and 19 against a-glucosidase, 2, 4, 14, 18, 25 and 26 against tyrosinase, 2, 7, and 23 against AChE, and 7, and 13 against BChE showed similar activity to the standard used. Among the methoxy benzoin derivatives, 4 proved to be the most active compound against E.coli, Y.pseudotuberculosis, M. smegmatis, and C.albicans in the range of 41-82 µg/mL MIC values. All benzil derivatives displayed bioactivity against M.smegmatis and C. albicans. Compounds 18 and 11 were found to be most effective against M.smegmatis, and compounds 11 and 17 were found to be the most effective against C.albicans. All stilbenoid type compounds showed selective activity against B.cereus. Compounds 21 and 22 were the most effective stilbenoid compounds against M. smegmatis. Benzoins (1-10) were the most effective antioxidants among all three groups compared to the tested methods, which can be attributed to the free hydroxyl at the benzylic position. As a result, the change of carbon skeleton and substitution at different positions of synthesized organic compounds also caused the variation of biological activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]