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Abstract Background Cranial, facial, nasal, and maxillary widths have been shown to be significantly affected by the individual’s sex. The present study aims to use measurements of dental arch and maxillary skeletal base to determine sex, employing supervised machine learning. Materials and methods Maxillary and mandibular tomographic examinations from 100 patients were analyzed to investigate the inter-premolar width, inter-molar width, maxillary width, inter-pterygoid width, nasal cavity width, nostril width, and maxillary length, obtained through Cone Beam Computed Tomography scans. The following machine learning algorithms were used to build the predictive models: Logistic Regression, Gradient Boosting Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptron Classifier (MLP), Decision Tree, and Random Forest Classifier. A 10-fold cross-validation approach was adopted to validate each model. Metrics such as area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 Score were calculated for each model, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed. Results Univariate analysis showed statistical significance (p

Error-related potentials (ErrPs) are brain signals known to be generated as a reaction to erroneous events. Several works have shown that not only self-made errors but also mistakes generated by external agents can elicit such event-related potentials. The possibility of reliably measuring ErrPs through non-invasive techniques has increased the interest in the brain-computer interface (BCI) community in using such signals to improve performance, for example, by performing error correction. Extensive calibration sessions are typically necessary to gather sufficient trials for training subject-specific ErrP classifiers. This procedure is not only time-consuming but also boresome for participants. In this paper, we explore the effectiveness of ErrPs in closed-loop systems, emphasizing their dependency on precise single-trial classification. To guarantee the presence of an ErrPs signal in the data we employ and to ensure that the parameters defining ErrPs are systematically varied, we utilize the open-source toolbox SEREEGA for data simulation. We generated training instances and evaluated the performance of the generic classifier on both simulated and real-world datasets, proposing a promising alternative to conventional calibration techniques. Results show that a generic support vector machine classifier reaches balanced accuracies of 72.9%, 62.7%, 71.0%, and 70.8% on each validation dataset. While performing similarly to a leave-one-subject-out approach for error class detection, the proposed classifier shows promising generalization across different datasets and subjects without further adaptation. Moreover, by utilizing SEREEGA, we can systematically adjust parameters to accommodate the variability in the ErrP, facilitating the systematic validation of closed-loop setups. Furthermore, our objective is to develop a universal ErrP classifier that captures the signal's variability, enabling it to determine the presence or absence of an ErrP in real EEG data.

Localization plays a significant role in the production of ultrasound localization microscopy images. For instance, detecting more microbubbles reduces the time of acquisition, while localizing them more accurately improves the resolution of the images. Previous approaches to compare the multiple localization algorithms rely on numerical simulation of a single steady microbubble, with or without modeling its nonlinear response. In real-life situations, vessels have a nonconstant velocity profile, which creates relative movement, producing dynamically overlapped microbubbles even at low concentrations. These complexities deteriorate the behavior of the localization algorithms. To incorporate these effects on the characterization of the localization methods, we designed a virtual medium containing four microtubes of different inner diameters, where single-pixel microbubbles were allowed to flow within each microtube with a parabolic velocity profile. A finite difference method was used to simulate the propagation of ultrasound waves to obtain B-mode images that fed four direct microbubbles localization algorithms (i.e., weighted centroid, 2D-spline interpolation, parabolic fitting, and onset detection). The performance of these methods was quantified using the number of microbubbles detected, the microbubbles distribution, the full width at half maximum, the maximum velocity, and the computational time as metrics. Our simulation results suggest that 2D-spline and paraboloid fitting were the best methods, detecting 100% of the microbubbles with an error in their distribution of 249 and 244 microbubbles, respectively. Both methods with a computational time cost of 18% and 7% lower than weighted centroid, respectively. We also present an experimental comparison of these localization methods, finding results similar to the numerical ones.

Pivotal barrier properties of the hydrophobic plant cuticle covering aerial plant surfaces depend on its physicochemical composition. Among plant species and organs, compounds of this boundary layer between the plant interior and the environment vary considerably but cuticle-related studies comparing different organs from the same plant species are still scarce. Thus, this study focused on the cuticle profiles of Physalis peruviana, Physalis ixocarpa, Alkekengi officinarum, and Nicandra physalodes species. Inflated fruiting calyces enveloping fruits make Physalis, Alkekengi, and Nicandra highly recognizable genera among the Solanoideae subfamily. Although the inflation of fruiting calyces is well discussed in the literature still little is known about their post-floral functionalities. Cuticular composition, surface structure, and barrier function were examined and compared in fully expanded amphistomatous leaves, ripe astomatous fruits, and fully inflated hypostomatous fruiting calyces. Species- and organ-specific abundances of non-glandular and glandular trichomes revealed high structural diversity, covering not only abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces but also fruiting calyx surfaces, whereas fruits were glabrous. Cuticular waxes, which limit non-stomatal transpiration, ranged from

The human brain has been an object of extensive investigation in different fields. While several studies have focused on understanding the neural correlates of error processing, advances in brain-machine interface systems using non-invasive techniques further enabled the use of the measured signals in different applications. The possibility of detecting these error-related potentials (ErrPs) under different experimental setups on a single-trial basis has further increased interest in their integration in closed-loop settings to improve system performance, for example, by performing error correction. Fewer works have, however, aimed at reducing future mistakes or learning. We present a review focused on the current literature using non-invasive systems that have combined the ErrPs information specifically in a reinforcement learning framework to go beyond error correction and have used these signals for learning.

The search for a universal explanation of the altitudinal limit determined by the alpine treeline has given rise to different hypotheses. In this study, we revisited Michaelis’ hypothesis which proposed that an inadequate “ripening” of the cuticle caused a greater transpiration rate during winter in the treeline. However, few studies with different explanations have investigated the role of passive mechanisms of needles for protecting against water loss during winter in conifers at the treeline. To shed light on this, the cuticular transpiration barrier was studied in the transition from subalpine Pinus uncinata forests to alpine tundra at the upper limit of the species in the Pyrenees. This upper limit of P. uncinata was selected here as an example of the ecotones formed by conifers in the temperate mountains of the northern hemisphere. Our study showed that minimum leaf conductance in needles from upper limit specimens was higher than those measured in specimens living in the lower levels of the sub-alpine forest and also displayed lower cuticle thickness values, which should reinforce the seminal hypothesis by Michaelis. Our study showed clear evidence that supports the inadequate development of needle cuticles as one of the factors that lead to increased transpirational water losses during winter and, consequently, a higher risk of suffering frost drought.

Introduction and objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver abnormalities including steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard method to determine the disease stage in NAFLD but is an invasive and risky procedure. Studies have previously reported that changes in intrahepatic fatty acids (FA) composition are related to the progression of NAFLD, mainly in its early stages. The aim of this study was to characterize the liver FA composition in mice fed a Choline-deficient L-amino-defined (CDAA) diet at different stages of NAFLD using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Methods: We used in-vivo MRS to perform a longitudinal characterization of hepatic FA changes in NAFLD mice for 10 weeks. We validated our findings with ex-vivo MRS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and histology. Results: In-vivo and ex-vivo results showed that livers from CDAA-fed mice exhibit a significant increase in liver FA content as well as a change in FA composition compared with control mice. After 4 weeks of CDAA diet, a decrease in polyunsaturated and an increase in monounsaturated FA were observed. These changes were associated with the appearance of early stages of steatohepatitis, confirmed by histology (NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) = 4.5). After 10 weeks of CDAA-diet, the liver FA composition remained stable while the NAS increased further to 6 showing a combination of early and late stages of steatohepatitis. Conclusion: Our results suggest that monitoring lipid composition in addition to total water/fat with MRS may yield additional insights that can be translated for non-invasive stratification of high-risk NAFLD patients.

Este estudo trata se de uma revisão sistemática e tem como objetivo analisar como a pesquisa sobre a indústria 4.0 está contribuindo para um maior entendimento dos efeitos da implantação da indústria 4.0 na sustentabilidade. Este estudo foi feito mapeando a pesquisa já existente, utilizando critérios de seleção, elegibilidade e inclusão como eixo norteador da técnica da metodologia PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). A seleção dos artigos nas bases de dados consultadas foi baseada no cruzamento dos termos “Industry 4.0” e “Sustainability”. A pesquisa traz como resultados os principais desafios para a implantação das tecnologias referentes à indústria 4.0, entre eles a falta de infraestrutura tecnológica e de recursos para investimento e quais os possíveis benefícios para a sustentabilidade que essa implantação pode trazer, como a redução no consumo de recursos em todas as fases da produção, bem como nos impactos ambientais gerados. Através deste estudo foi possível concluir que apesar de apresentar fatores que influenciam positivamente na sustentabilidade das empresas, a implantação das novas tecnologias para a adoção do conceito de indústria 4.0, ainda está cercada de riscos e desafios e existe a necessidade de novos estudos que explorem e consolidem os resultados referentes à quarta revolução industrial.

Motherhood is socially seen through an idealized perception in which mothers should unconditionally act in a protective way with their children, being comprehended as insane or evil when they transgress this gender role. This article aims to analyze women that has transgressed that social rule and were claimed as being violent (physically or psychologically) or neglectful. Three interviews were made with women that have been followed up by Children´s Rights System and a content analyses was done. Four main categories were noticeable: “Motherhood”, “Family of Origin”, “Loving Relationship” and “Socioeconomic condition”. It was remarkable that those women were overburden due the absence of the State, the family and the children´s fathers, that are not considered when they abandon or when they do not accomplish parenthood, what can contribute to a violent familiar dynamic against children, aside from a notorious process of psychiatric approach and judicialization against these women.

Abstract Covid-19 is a novel infectious disease whose spectrum of presentation ranges from absence of symptoms to widespread interstitial pneumonia associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), leading to significant mortality. Given the systemic pattern of Covid-19, there are many factors that can influence patient's functional capacity after acute infection and the identification of such factors can contribute to the development of specific rehabilitation strategies. Pulmonary impairment is the primary cause of hospitalization due to Covid-19, and can progress to SARS as well as increase length of hospitalization. Moreover, cardiac involvement is observed in approximately 30% of hospitalized patients, with an increased risk of acute myocarditis, myocardial injury, and heart failure, which may compromise functional capacity in the long-term. Thromboembolic complications have also been reported in some patients with Covid-19 and are associated with a poor prognosis. Musculoskeletal complications may result from long periods of hospitalization and immobility, and can include fatigue, muscle weakness and polyneuropathy. Studies that address the functional capacity of patients after Covid-19 infection are still scarce. However, based on knowledge from the multiple systemic complications associated with Covid-19, it is reasonable to suggest that most patients, especially those who underwent prolonged hospitalization, will need a multiprofessional rehabilitation program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the functional impact and the rehabilitation strategies for patients affected by Covid-19.

Introdução e Objetivo: Apresentar a origem dos gladiadores, seus sistemas de treinamento e vida cotidiana. Procedimentos metodológicos: Realizou-se revisão narrativa, a partir de recuperação de fatos históricos contidos em fontes iconográficas, eletrônicas e bibliográficas. Discussão: Acredita-se que a origem dos jogos de gladiadores seja etrusca, inicialmente realizados como parte de ritos funerais. Após inserido na famiglia gladiatoria, os gladiadores seguiam as leis das escolas de formação (ludus). Gladiadores que haviam combatido durante muito tempo, e sobreviveram a todos os combates, recebiam uma espada de madeira como símbolo de sua aposentadoria, denominada rudis. Conclusão: Por um período de quase 600 anos, a arena foi um dos entretenimentos mais populares do mundo romano. Combates de gladiadores eram um elemento do paganismo que governou Roma até a conversão do imperador Constantino ao cristianismo no século IV, e ocupam um lugar central na percepção popular moderna de comportamento romano.

Error-related potentials (ErrPs) are brain signals known to be generated as a reaction to erroneous events. Several works have shown that not only self-made errors but also mistakes generated by external agents can elicit such event-related potentials. The possibility of reliablymeasuring ErrPs through non-invasive techniques has increased the interest in the brain-computer interface (BCI) community in using such signals to improve performance, for example, by performing error correction. Extensive calibration sessions are typically necessary to gather sufficient trials for training subject-specific ErrP classifiers. This procedure is not only time-consuming but also boresome for participants. In this paper, we explore the effectiveness of ErrPs in closed-loop systems, emphasizing their dependency on precise single-trial classification. To guarantee the presence of an ErrPs signal in the data we employ and to ensure that the parameters defining ErrPs are systematically varied, we utilize the open-source toolbox SEREEGA for data simulation. We generated training instances and evaluated the performance of the generic classifier on both simulated and real-world datasets, proposing a promising alternative to conventional calibration techniques. Results show that a generic support vector machine classifier reaches balanced accuracies of 72.9%, 62.7%, 71.0%, and 70.8% on each validation dataset. While performing similarly to a leave-one-subject-out approach for error class detection, the proposed classifier shows promising generalization across different datasets and subjects without further adaptation. Moreover, by utilizing SEREEGA, we can systematically adjust parameters to accommodate the variability in the ErrP, facilitating the systematic validation of closed-loop setups. Furthermore, our objective is to develop a universal ErrP classifier that captures the signal's variability, enabling it to determine the presence or absence of an ErrP in real EEG data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of signs and symptoms related to temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and orofacial pain in patients with indication for orthognathic surgery. Methods: The search was carried out in seven electronic databases and gray literature. Studies that evaluated the frequency of signs and symptoms related to TMD and orofacial pain were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal tool. A meta-analysis of proportions with a random effect model was performed and the GRADE tool judged the certainty of evidence. Results: After searching the databases, 1859 references were retrieved, 18 of which were selected for synthesis. The prevalence of individuals with at least one TMD symptom was 51% [CI95% = 44–58%], and 44% of the subjects had temporomandibular joint click/crepitus [CI95% = 37–52%]. Additionally, 28% exhibited symptoms related to muscle disorders [CI95% = 22–35%], 34% had disc displacement with or without reduction [CI95% = 25–44%], and 24% had inflammatory joint disorders [CI95% = 13–36%]. The prevalence of headache was 26% [CI95% = 8–51%]. The certainty of evidence was considered very low. Conclusion: Approximately 1 in 2 patients with dentofacial deformity presents some sign and symptom related to TMD. Myofascial pain and headache may be present in approximately a quarter of patients with dentofacial deformity. Clinical relevance: A multidisciplinary treatment is necessary for these patients, involving a professional with expertise in the management of TMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery (BS) on the oral health status of obese individuals. Material and methods: The search was performed on the Cochrane Library, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), LIVIVO, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Grey literature was also consulted through Google Scholar, OpenGrey, ProQuest, and MedRxiv. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. Pre- and post-surgical moments were compared through random effects meta-analysis. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) assessment tool was used to judge the certainty of evidence. Results: After searching the databases, 908 references were retrieved, with 30 articles selected for synthesis. When comparing the pre- and postoperative moments, there was no difference in the index of decayed, missing, or filled teeth. Furthermore, salivary flow and probing depth presented a slight increase. Post-surgery patients showed an increase (%) in tooth wear at the dentin level [MD = -6.23; IC95% = -8.45—-4.01; I2 = 0%]. Conclusion: Patients undergoing BS show no difference when considering the rate of caries or missing teeth and little to no effect was observed on salivary flow rates and periodontal probing depth. On the other hand, greater attention should be given to dentin wear in post-surgical patients of BS. Clinical relevance: Patients undergoing BS should receive careful monitoring regarding oral health by doctors, dentists, and the entire multidisciplinary team involved before and after the surgical procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the Brazilian Amazon, snakebite envenomings (SBE) disproportionately affect indigenous peoples. Communication between indigenous and biomedical health sectors in regards to SBEs has never been explored in this region. This study aims to build an explanatory model (EM) of the indigenous healthcare domain for SBE patients from the perspective of the indigenous caregivers. Methodology/Principal findings: This is a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews of eight indigenous caregivers who are representatives of the Tikuna, Kokama and Kambeba ethnic groups, in the Alto Solimões River, western Brazilian Amazon. Data analysis was carried out via deductive thematic analysis. A framework was built containing the explanations based on three explanatory model (EM) components: etiology, course of sickness, and treatment. To indigenous caregivers, snakes are enemies and present conscience and intention. Snakebites have a natural or a supernatural cause, the last being more difficult to prevent and treat. Use of ayahuasca tea is a strategy used by some caregivers to identify the underlying cause of the SBE. Severe or lethal SBEs are understood as having been triggered by sorcery. Treatment is characterized by four components: i) immediate self-care; ii) first care in the village, mostly including tobacco smoking, chants and prayers, combined with the intake of animal bile and emetic plants; iii) a stay in a hospital, to receive antivenom and other treatments; iv) care in the village after hospital discharge, which is a phase of re-establishment of well-being and reintroduction into social life, using tobacco smoking, massages and compresses to the affected limb, and teas of bitter plants. Dietary taboos and behavioral interdictions (avoiding contact with menstruating and pregnant women) prevent complications, relapses, and death, and must be performed up to three months after the snakebite. Caregivers are in favor of antivenom treatment in indigenous areas. Conclusions/Significance: There is a potential for articulation between different healthcare sectors to improve the management of SBEs in the Amazon region, and the aim is to decentralize antivenom treatment so that it occurs in indigenous health centers with the active participation of the indigenous caregivers. Author summary: The Brazilian Amazon is the region of the Americas that has the highest incidence of SBEs, and indigenous populations are disproportionately affected. In order for Brazil to achieve a reduction in mortality and disability from snakebite envenomations, it is vital to understand how indigenous and professional healthcare sectors interact in indigenous villages. The indigenous caregivers interviewed explained that the occurrence of a snakebite can be a natural event, usually due to the lack of attention of an indigenous person during their daily activities in the forest, or a supernatural event that was caused as a punishment or by witchcraft. The latter type of snakebites is more serious and it is difficult to intervene to promote healing. Indigenous caregivers recommend a series of rituals in order to protect an individual from snakebite or heal the already diseased body. In addition, a series of therapeutic resources derived from plants and animals is used for treatment and rehabilitation of the indigenous person. In this itinerary, there is no impediment on the part of the caregivers to include a stay in hospital in order to carry out the treatment with antivenom and other care deemed necessary by the doctors. This finding is crucial to improve the effectiveness of snakebite treatment in an integrated biomedical-indigenous model, thus reducing the contradictions and tensions present in the daily practices of both health teams and indigenous caregivers. The engagement with local caregivers to combine the indigenous health care model with a timely referral of SBE patients to a facility equipped with antivenom is a major determinant of success in the control of SBEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este texto apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com cinco famílias que vivenciaram situação de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes, decorrido um ano ou mais de terem recebido aplicação de medidas protetivas provenientes do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. O instrumento utilizado foi uma entrevista semiestruturada com seis mulheres, familiares das vítimas. Os resultados revelaram que decorrido um ano da aplicação das medidas protetivas, quatro das cinco famílias ainda não haviam recebido qualquer intervenção e uma delas vinha sendo exposta a repetidas avaliações por várias instituições da rede de proteção. As famílias expressaram sofrimento emocional pela falta de apoio, desconhecimento e alienação em relação ao processo, e decepção em relação às instituições legais e de atendimento. Também evidenciaram que sua expectativa em relação ao sistema de proteção envolve a formação de vínculo que possibilite o devido acolhimento de sua dor e a sua expressão como sujeitos autônomos

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) on functional capacity of patients with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) and to compare the responses between CCC patients without and with heart failure (HF). A longitudinal observational retrospective study was carried out including 36 patients with CCC without HF (stage B2 [n = 7]) and with HF (stage C [n = 29]), who participated in a CR program. Functional capacity was assessed by a maximal progressive cardiopulmonary exercise test performed on a treadmill. The longitudinal effects of the CR on functional capacity were determined by linear mixed models that included an interaction term to evaluate the differential responses between patients without and with HF. Significant improvements in peak oxygen consumption, resting heart rate and blood pressure, and maximum pulmonary ventilation were observed for the overall study sample, with no apparent differential effects according to the presence of HF. CR significantly improved functional capacity of patients with CCC. The responses to CR appear to be similar among patients without and with HF, reinforcing the need for its inclusion as a standard treatment strategy of CCC. Exercise-based cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) is a safe strategy that improves functional capacity, cardiac function, and quality of life in patients with several cardiovascular diseases, and recent studies also suggested a potential beneficial effect of CR in chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC). In this observational study, CR seems to equally improve exercise capacity, resting heart rate, resting blood pressure, and maximum pulmonary ventilation in patients with CCC without (stage B2) and with heart failure (stage C). Cardiovascular rehabilitation should be included as a standard treatment strategy for patients with CCC, regardless the severity of cardiomyopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pivotal barrier properties of the hydrophobic plant cuticle covering aerial plant surfaces depend on its physicochemical composition. Among plant species and organs, compounds of this boundary layer between the plant interior and the environment vary considerably but cuticle-related studies comparing different organs from the same plant species are still scarce. Thus, this study focused on the cuticle profiles of Physalis peruviana, Physalis ixocarpa, Alkekengi officinarum, and Nicandra physalodes species. Inflated fruiting calyces enveloping fruitsmake Physalis, Alkekengi, and Nicandra highly recognizable genera among the Solanoideae subfamily. Although the inflation of fruiting calyces is well discussed in the literature still little is known about their post- floral functionalities. Cuticular composition, surface structure, and barrier function were examined and compared in fully expanded amphistomatous leaves, ripe astomatous fruits, and fully inflated hypostomatous fruiting calyces. Species- and organ-specific abundances of non-glandular and glandular trichomes revealed high structural diversity, covering not only abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces but also fruiting calyx surfaces, whereas fruits were glabrous. Cuticular waxes, which limit non-stomatal transpiration, ranged from <1 μg cm−2 on P. peruviana fruiting calyces and N. physalodes fruits to 22 μg cm−2 on P. peruviana fruits. Very-long-chain aliphatic compounds, notably n- alkanes, iso-, and anteiso-branched alkanes, alkanols, alkanoic acids, and alkyl esters, dominated the cuticular wax coverages (≥86%). Diversity of cuticular wax patterns rose from leaves to fruiting calyces and peaked in fruits. The polymeric cutin matrix providing the structural framework for cuticular waxes was determined to range from 81 μg cm−2 for N. physalodes to 571 μg cm−2 for A. officinarum fruits. Cuticular transpiration barriers were highly efficient, with water permeabilities being ≤5 × 10−5 m s−1. Only the cuticular water permeability of N. physalodes fruits was 10 × 10−5 m s−1 leading to their early desiccation and fruits that easily split, whereas P. peruviana, P. ixocarpa, and A. officinarum bore fleshy fruits for extended periods after maturation. Regarding the functional significance, fruiting calyces establish a physicochemical shield that reduces water loss and enables fruit maturation within a protective microclimate, and promotes different seed dispersal strategies among plant species investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human brain has been an object of extensive investigation in different fields. While several studies have focused on understanding the neural correlates of error processing, advances in brain-machine interface systems using non-invasive techniques further enabled the use of the measured signals in different applications. The possibility of detecting these error-related potentials (ErrPs) under different experimental setups on a single-trial basis has further increased interest in their integration in closed-loop settings to improve system performance, for example, by performing error correction. Fewer works have, however, aimed at reducing future mistakes or learning. We present a review focused on the current literature using non-invasive systems that have combined the ErrPs information specifically in a reinforcement learning framework to go beyond error correction and have used these signals for learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate acute and subacute hemodynamic responses and perception of effort in individuals with CCC submitted to different IMT protocols. This was a randomized cross-over trial conducted on CCC subjects with systolic left ventricular dysfunction (<45% left ventricular ejection fraction) without or with heart failure (stages B2 and C, respectively). Twenty-one participants performed two IMT protocols, one targeting 60% maximal inspiratory pressure with 3 × 10 repetitions (MIP60) and the other targeting 30% maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP30) with 3 × 20 repetitions with a 2 min recovery between sets for both. MIP60 and MIP30 were performed on the same day with a 2 h washout period. Measurements were taken at baseline, during and 60 min after IMT. No differences in hemodynamic variables were observed across protocols. The perception of effort increased in both protocols, with higher scores for the MIP30 protocol (β = +1.6, p = 0.01; β = +1.1, p = 0.02; β = +0.9, p = 0.08 for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd sets, respectively). There were no differences in hemodynamic responses comparing MIP60 and MIP30 protocols in subjects with CCC. Despite the higher perception of effort during endurance protocol, both protocols can be considered a safe therapeutic strategy. Despite inspiratory muscle training may result in functional capacity improvements, no previous study evaluated the hemodynamic acute and subacute responses to inspiratory muscle training in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. The two inspiratory muscle training protocols (30% and 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure) did not cause significant hemodynamic repercussions in subjects with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Inspiratory muscle training seems to be an effective strategy to improve functional capacity and can be implemented in the rehabilitation programs for patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy. Since no significant adverse responses were observed in any of the hemodynamic parameters during the inspiratory muscle training sessions, these two protocols of inspiratory muscle training (30% and 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure) seems to be safe in subjects with Chagas cardiomyopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for a universal explanation of the altitudinal limit determined by the alpine treeline has given rise to different hypotheses. In this study, we revisited Michaelis' hypothesis which proposed that an inadequate "ripening" of the cuticle caused a greater transpiration rate during winter in the treeline. However, few studies with different explanations have investigated the role of passive mechanisms of needles for protecting against water loss during winter in conifers at the treeline. To shed light on this, the cuticular transpiration barrier was studied in the transition from subalpine Pinus uncinata forests to alpine tundra at the upper limit of the species in the Pyrenees. This upper limit of P. uncinata was selected here as an example of the ecotones formed by conifers in the temperate mountains of the northern hemisphere. Our study showed that minimum leaf conductance in needles from upper limit specimens was higher than those measured in specimens living in the lower levels of the sub-alpine forest and also displayed lower cuticle thickness values, which should reinforce the seminal hypothesis by Michaelis. Our study showed clear evidence that supports the inadequate development of needle cuticles as one of the factors that lead to increased transpirational water losses during winter and, consequently, a higher risk of suffering frost drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

is study is a systematic review and aims to analyze how research on industry 4.0 is contributing to a greater understanding of the effects of the implementation of industry 4.0 on sustainability. is study was done by mapping the existing research, using selection, eligibility and inclusion criteria as the guiding principle of the PRISMA methodology technique (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). e selection of articles in the databases consulted was based on the crossing of the terms "Industry 4.0" and "sustainability". e research brings as results the main challenges for the implementation of technologies related to industry 4.0, among them the lack of technological infrastructure and resources for investment and what the possible benefits for sustainability this implementation can bring, such as the reduction in the consumption of resources at all stages of production, as well as the environmental impacts generated. rough this study it was possible to conclude that despite presenting factors that positively influence the sustainability of companies, the implementation of new technologies for the adoption of the concept of industry 4.0, is still surrounded by risks and challenges and there is a need for further studies that explore and consolidate the results of the fourth industrial revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Autophagy is a highly regulated pathway that selectively degrades cellular constituents such as protein aggregates and excessive or damaged organelles. This transport route is characterized by engulfment of the targeted cargo by autophagosomes. The formation of these double-membrane vesicles requires the covalent conjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8 to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). However, the origin of PE and the regulation of lipid flux required for autophagy remain poorly understood. Using a genetic screen, we found that the temperature-sensitive growth and intracellular membrane organization defects of mcd4-174 and mcd4-P301 L mutants are suppressed by deletion of essential autophagy genes such asATG1 orATG7. MCD4 encodes an ethanolamine phosphate transferase that uses PE as a precursor for an essential step in the synthesis of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor used to link a subset of plasma membrane proteins to lipid bilayers. Similar to the deletion of CHO2, a gene encoding the enzyme converting PE to phosphatidylcholine (PC), deletion of ATG7 was able to restore lipidation and plasma membrane localization of the GPI-anchored protein Gas1 and normal organization of intracellular membranes. Conversely, overexpression of Cho2 was lethal in mcd4-174 cells grown at restrictive temperature. Quantitative lipid analysis revealed that PE levels are substantially reduced in the mcd4-174 mutant but can be restored by deletion of ATG7 or CHO2. Taken together, these data suggest that autophagy competes for a common PE pool with major cellular PE-consuming pathways such as the GPI anchor and PC synthesis, highlighting the possible interplay between these pathways and the existence of signals that may coordinate PE flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O uso de plantas medicinais tem sido passado por gerações, e mesmo nos dias atuais é altamente praticado por pessoas ao redor do mundo. Entretanto, o conhecimento sobre as plantas medicinais está se perdendo com o tempo. O Projeto Farmácia Viva tem por finalidade resgatar o conhecimento e uso tradicional das plantas medicinais, promovendo seu uso racional. A Farmácia Viva da UniFAJ foi aprovada pelo Centro Universitário de Jaguariúna em 2017, sendo construída na Interclínicas, Jaguariúna - SP e contando com o cultivo de 29 plantas medicinais. Muitas atividades estão sendo desenvolvidas como pesquisas, confecções de lâminas para microscopia, visitas, aulas, treinamentos, estágios e iniciação científica. A comunidade receberá a planta in natura, tendo todas as informações sobre o seu uso correto. Futuramente, pretende-se disponibilizar para a população chás medicinais e medicamentos fitoterápicos, bem como promover palestras, oficinas e treinamentos para aqueles que buscam o conhecimento para si ou para propagá-lo criando novas Farmácias Vivas. O projeto está sendo um campo de pesquisa para extensão do conhecimento acadêmico, e uma alternativa terapêutica que se mostra bem aceita pela comunidade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundIn the Brazilian Amazon, snakebite envenomings (SBE) disproportionately affect indigenous peoples. Communication between indigenous and biomedical health sectors in regards to SBEs has never been explored in this region. This study aims to build an explanatory model (EM) of the indigenous healthcare domain for SBE patients from the perspective of the indigenous caregivers.Methodology/principal findingsThis is a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews of eight indigenous caregivers who are representatives of the Tikuna, Kokama and Kambeba ethnic groups, in the Alto Solimões River, western Brazilian Amazon. Data analysis was carried out via deductive thematic analysis. A framework was built containing the explanations based on three explanatory model (EM) components: etiology, course of sickness, and treatment. To indigenous caregivers, snakes are enemies and present conscience and intention. Snakebites have a natural or a supernatural cause, the last being more difficult to prevent and treat. Use of ayahuasca tea is a strategy used by some caregivers to identify the underlying cause of the SBE. Severe or lethal SBEs are understood as having been triggered by sorcery. Treatment is characterized by four components: i) immediate self-care; ii) first care in the village, mostly including tobacco smoking, chants and prayers, combined with the intake of animal bile and emetic plants; iii) a stay in a hospital, to receive antivenom and other treatments; iv) care in the village after hospital discharge, which is a phase of re-establishment of well-being and reintroduction into social life, using tobacco smoking, massages and compresses to the affected limb, and teas of bitter plants. Dietary taboos and behavioral interdictions (avoiding contact with menstruating and pregnant women) prevent complications, relapses, and death, and must be performed up to three months after the snakebite. Caregivers are in favor of antivenom treatment in indigenous areas.Conclusions/significanceThere is a potential for articulation between different healthcare sectors to improve the management of SBEs in the Amazon region, and the aim is to decentralize antivenom treatment so that it occurs in indigenous health centers with the active participation of the indigenous caregivers.

Method validation is the process used to confirm that the analytical procedures employed for a specific test is able to produce reliable and replicable results. An analytical method should be conducted in order to demonstrate that it is suitable for its intended use [1]. The aim of this present work is to demonstrate and evaluate the suitability of method validation. The analytical validation discussed herein was conducted by prescribed protocol, using 3 different batches of measles's vaccine diluents. All of the stipulated validation parameters: linearity, repeatability, reproducibility (intermediate precision) and accuracy were met. Additionally, this study demonstrated the method's capability for the determining endotoxin levels in measles's vaccine diluents and its further use in apirogenic water samples.Validar um método é o processo de demonstrar que a seqüência analítica adotada é capaz de produzir resultados confiáveis e reprodutíveis. Dessa forma, um método analítico deve ser submetido a estudos laboratoriais que demonstrem que o mesmo atenda às exigências requeridas pelo tipo de determinação a que se destina [1]. Assim o objetivo do presente trabalho foi demonstrar a validação do método e a avaliação quanto a sua adequação. Esta validação analítica foi realizada conforme descrito em protocolo, utilizando 3 lotes de diluente para vacina contra sarampo. Todos os parâmetros de validação estipulados: linearidade, repetibilidade, reprodutibilidade intralaboratorial e exatidão foram atendidos. Este estudo também demonstrou a adequação ao método para a determinação de endotoxina para diluente de vacina contra sarampo e sua extensão para amostras de água apirogênica.