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5. Progress towards elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome--worldwide, 2012-2022/ Progres vers l'elimination de la rubeole et du syndrome de rubeole congenitale dans le monde, 2012-2022

Author

Ou, Alan C., Zimmerman, Laura A., Alexander, James P., Jr., Crowcroft, Natasha S., O'Connor, Patrick M., and Knapp, Jennifer K.

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Genetic disorders -- Health aspects, Vaccination -- Health aspects, Pregnancy -- Health aspects, Birth defects -- Health aspects, Infants -- Health aspects, Infection -- Health aspects, Vaccines -- Health aspects, Rubella -- Health aspects, Government, Health, World Bank Group. World Bank, World Health Organization
Abstract

Rubella virus is a leading cause of vaccine-preventable birth defects. Infection during pregnancy can result in miscarriage, fetal death, stillbirth or a constellation of birth defects, known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which includes cataracts, deafness, heart defects and developmental delay. A single dose of rubella-containing vaccine can provide lifelong protection against rubella. The Global Vaccine Action Plan 2011-2020 set a target to achieve elimination of rubella in at least 5 of the 6 WHO regions by 2020, and rubella elimination is a critical goal of the Immunization Agenda 2030. This report updates a previous report and describes progress towards rubella and CRS elimination in 2012-2022. During this period, the number of WHO Member States that included rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) in their immunization schedules increased from 132 (68%) to 175 (90%), and the percentage of the world's infants were vaccinated against rubella increased from 40% to 68%. The reported number of rubella cases decreased by 81%, from 93 816 in 2012 to 17 407 in 2022. Verification of rubella elimination was achieved in 98 (51%) of 194 countries by 2022, an increase from 84 (43%) countries in 2019. Despite significant progress in introduction of RCV into routine immunization programmes worldwide, nearly 25 million infants annually still do not receive RCV. Nevertheless, the increasing number of countries that have achieved and sustained rubella elimination, even in complex settings, represents progress towards global rubella elimination. L'infection par le virus de la rubeole est l'une des principales causes de malformations congenitales evitables par la vaccination. Lorsqu'elle survient pendant la grossesse, elle peut entrainer une fausse couche, la mort foetale, une mortinaissance ou une constellation de malformations congenitales (notamment cataracte, surdite, malformations cardiaques et retards de developpement) connue sous le nom de syndrome de rubeole congenitale (SRC). Une dose unique de vaccin a valence rubeole peut conferer une protection a vie contre la rubeole. Parmi les cibles fixees dans le Plan d'action mondial pour les vaccins 2011-2020 figurait l'elimination de la rubeole dans au moins 5 des 6 Regions de l'OMS a l'horizon 2020. L'elimination de la rubeole fait en outre partie des objectifs cles du Programme pour la vaccination a l'horizon 2030. Le present rapport actualise les informations fournies dans le rapport precedent et decrit les progres accomplis vers l'elimination de la rubeole et du SRC dans la periode 2012-2022. Au cours de cette periode, les nombre d'Etats Membres de l'OMS ayant inclus le vaccin a valence rubeole (RCV) dans leur calendrier de vaccination a progresse, passant de 132 (68%) a 175 (90%); et le pourcentage de nourrissons dans le monde vaccines contre la rubeole est passe de 40% a 68%. Le nombre de cas notifies de rubeole a recule de 81%, passant de 93 816 en 2012 a 17 407 en 2022. En 2022, l'elimination de la rubeole avait ete verifiee dans 98 (51%) des 194 Etats Membres de l'OMS, contre 84(43%) en 2019. Toutefois, meme si l'introduction du RCV dans les programmes de vaccination systematique a fortement progresse a l'echelle mondiale, pres de 25millions de nourrissons sont encore prives de ce vaccin chaque annee. Le nombre croissant de pays ayant reussi a eliminer durablement la rubeole, meme parmi ceux confrontes a des situations complexes, temoigne neanmoins des progres realises vers l'elimination de cette maladie a l'echelle mondiale., Introduction Rubella virus is a leading cause of vaccine-preventable birth defects and can cause epidemics. Rubella virus infection usually produces a mild febrile rash illness in children and adults; however, [...]

Published
2024

7. Fasting triglyceride concentrations are associated with markers of lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis in healthy, non-obese dogs in lean and overweight condition

Author

Carlos Gomez-Fernandez-Blanco, Dominique Peeters, Frédéric Farnir, Katja Höglund, Vassiliki Gouni, Maria Wiberg, Jakob Lundgren Willesen, Sofia Hanås, Kathleen McEntee, Laurent Tiret, Jens Häggström, Hannes Lohi, Valérie Chetboul, Merete Fredholm, Eija Seppälä, Anne-Sophie Lequarré, Alexander James German, and Anne-Christine Merveille

Subjects
canine, metabolic syndrome, BCS, triglycerides, insulin, fructosamine, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Serum triglyceride concentrations increase in dogs with obesity, which is typically assessed by body condition score (BCS), however little is known about changes that take place in non-obese dogs in overweight condition. Further, the associations of triglyceride levels with other markers of energy homeostasis are poorly characterised in healthy animals. The present study aimed to evaluate associations between both BCS and triglyceride concentrations with other markers of lipid and glucose metabolism in healthy, non-obese dogs, as well as to assess whether these markers change significantly in non-obese dogs with overweight as compared to their lean counterparts. Serum concentrations of cholesterol, free fatty acids, triglycerides, insulin, glucose and fructosamine were measured in 532 healthy, client-owned dogs, assigned either to ‘lean’ (BCS: 3–5) or ‘overweight’ (BCS: 6–7) categories. Generalised linear mixed models were used to assess associations between BCS categories, triglyceride concentrations and other variables, correcting for the effect of breed. Compared with lean dogs, overweight dogs had a greater serum cholesterol concentration (95% CI, 5.3–6.2 mmol/L or 205–237 mg/dL versus 5.1–5.4 mmol/L or 198–210 mg/dL, p = 0.0032), insulin concentration (95% CI, 17.5–22.1 μU/ml versus 16.7–18.0 μU/ml, p = 0.0374) and were older (95% CI, 4.0–5.3 versus 3.4–3.7 years, p = 0.0005). Triglyceride concentrations were positively associated with fructosamine (r2 = 0.31, p = 0.0012), cholesterol (r2 = 0.25, p

Published
2024
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8. Evaluating a model of best practice in primary care led post-diagnostic dementia care: feasibility and acceptability findings from the PriDem study

Author

Rachael Hunter, Louise Robinson, Greta Rait, Kate R Walters, Marie Poole, Jill Manthorpe, Jane Wilcock, Martin Knapp, Sube Banerjee, Derek King, Louise Allen, Katie Flanagan, Alistair Burns, Raphael Wittenberg, Emily Evans, Sarah Griffiths, Sue Tucker, M Brar, Emily Spencer, Martin Wiegand, Federica D'Andrea, Aidan O'Keeffe, Revd Doug Lewins, Lewis Benjamin, and Alexander James Hagan

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Objectives To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a primary care-based intervention for improving post-diagnostic dementia care and support (PriDem), and implementation study procedures.Design A non-randomised, mixed methods, feasibility study.Setting Seven general practices from four primary care networks (PCNs) in the Northeast and Southeast of England.Participants We aimed to recruit 80 people with dementia (PWD) and 66 carersIntervention Clinical Dementia Leads delivered a 12-month intervention in participating PCNs, to develop care systems, build staff capacity and capability, and deliver tailored care and support to PWD and carers.Outcomes Recruitment and retention rates were measured. A mixed methods process evaluation evaluated feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and study procedures. Using electronic care records, researchers extracted service use data and undertook a dementia care plan audit, preintervention and postintervention, assessing feasibility of measuring the primary implementation outcome: adoption of personalised care planning by participating general practices. Participants completed quality of life, and service use measures at baseline, 4 and 9 months.Results 60 PWD (75% of recruitment target) and 51 carers (77% of recruitment target) were recruited from seven general practices across four PCNs. Retention rate at 9 months was 70.0% of PWD and 76.5% of carers. The recruitment approach showed potential for including under-represented groups within dementia. Despite implementation challenges, the intervention was feasible and acceptable, and showed early signs of sustainability. Study procedures were feasible and accessible, although researcher capacity was crucial. Participants needed time and support to engage with the study. Care plan audit procedures were feasible and acceptable.Conclusions The PriDem model is an acceptable and feasible intervention. A definitive study is warranted to fully inform dementia care policy and personalised dementia care planning guidance. Successful strategies to support inclusion of PWD and their carers in future research were developed.Trial registration number ISRCTN11677384.

Published
2024
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11. Transforming healthcare documentation: harnessing the potential of AI to generate discharge summaries

Author

Reece Alexander James Clough, William Anthony Sparkes, Oliver Thomas Clough, Joshua Thomas Sykes, Alexander Thomas Steventon, and Kate King

Subjects
artificial intelligence, chatgpt, discharge summary, general practice, feasibility studies, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background: Hospital discharge summaries play an essential role in informing GPs of recent admissions to ensure excellent continuity of care and prevent adverse events; however, they are notoriously poorly written, time-consuming, and can result in delayed discharge. Aim: To evaluate the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to produce high-quality discharge summaries equivalent to the level of a doctor who has completed the UK Foundation Programme. Design & setting: Feasibility study using 25 mock patient vignettes. Method: Twenty-five mock patient vignettes were written by the authors. Five junior doctors wrote discharge summaries from the case vignettes (five each). The same case vignettes were input into ChatGPT. In total, 50 discharge summaries were generated; 25 by Al and 25 by junior doctors. Quality and suitability were determined through both independent GP evaluators and adherence to a minimum dataset. Results: Of the 25 AI-written discharge summaries 100% were deemed by GPs to be of an acceptable quality compared with 92% of the junior doctor summaries. They both showed a mean compliance of 97% with the minimum dataset. In addition, the ability of GPs to determine if the summary was written by ChatGPT was poor, with only a 60% accuracy of detection. Similarly, when run through an AI-detection tool all were recognised as being very unlikely to be written by AI. Conclusion: AI has proven to produce discharge summaries of equivalent quality to a junior doctor who has completed the UK Foundation Programme; however, larger studies with real-world patient data with NHS-approved AI tools will need to be conducted.

Published
2024
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12. Enhancing the Clinical Utility of Radiomics: Addressing the Challenges of Repeatability and Reproducibility in CT and MRI

Author

Xinzhi Teng, Yongqiang Wang, Alexander James Nicol, Jerry Chi Fung Ching, Edwin Ka Yiu Wong, Kenneth Tsz Chun Lam, Jiang Zhang, Shara Wee-Yee Lee, and Jing Cai

Subjects
radiomics, repeatability and reproducibility, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Radiomics, which integrates the comprehensive characterization of imaging phenotypes with machine learning algorithms, is increasingly recognized for its potential in the diagnosis and prognosis of oncological conditions. However, the repeatability and reproducibility of radiomic features are critical challenges that hinder their widespread clinical adoption. This review aims to address the paucity of discussion regarding the factors that influence the reproducibility and repeatability of radiomic features and their subsequent impact on the application of radiomic models. We provide a synthesis of the literature on the repeatability and reproducibility of CT/MR-based radiomic features, examining sources of variation, the number of reproducible features, and the availability of individual feature repeatability indices. We differentiate sources of variation into random effects, which are challenging to control but can be quantified through simulation methods such as perturbation, and biases, which arise from scanner variability and inter-reader differences and can significantly affect the generalizability of radiomic model performance in diverse settings. Four suggestions for repeatability and reproducibility studies are suggested: (1) detailed reporting of variation sources, (2) transparent disclosure of calculation parameters, (3) careful selection of suitable reliability indices, and (4) comprehensive reporting of reliability metrics. This review underscores the importance of random effects in feature selection and harmonizing biases between development and clinical application settings to facilitate the successful translation of radiomic models from research to clinical practice.

Published
2024
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16. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis is mediated by polyfunctional lymphocytes and is dependent on an IL23/IFNγ axis

Author

Lo, Jonathan W., Cozzetto, Domenico, Alexander, James L., Danckert, Nathan P., Madgwick, Matthew, Knox, Naomi, Sieh, Jillian Yong Xin, Olbei, Marton, Liu, Zhigang, Ibraheim, Hajir, Blanco, Jesus Miguens, Kudo, Hiromi, Seoane, Rocio Castro, Possamai, Lucia A., Goldin, Robert, Marchesi, Julian, Korcsmaros, Tamas, Lord, Graham M., and Powell, Nick

Published
2023
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19. Pathobionts in the tumour microbiota predict survival following resection for colorectal cancer

Author

Alexander, James L., Posma, Joram M., Scott, Alasdair, Poynter, Liam, Mason, Sam E., Doria, M. Luisa, Herendi, Lili, Roberts, Lauren, McDonald, Julie A. K., Cameron, Simon, Hughes, David J., Liska, Vaclav, Susova, Simona, Soucek, Pavel, der Sluis, Verena Horneffer-van, Gomez-Romero, Maria, Lewis, Matthew R., Hoyles, Lesley, Woolston, Andrew, Cunningham, David, Darzi, Ara, Gerlinger, Marco, Goldin, Robert, Takats, Zoltan, Marchesi, Julian R., Teare, Julian, and Kinross, James

Published
2023
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20. Engineered MED12 mutations drive leiomyoma-like transcriptional and metabolic programs by altering the 3D genome compartmentalization

Author

Kadir Buyukcelebi, Xintong Chen, Fatih Abdula, Hoda Elkafas, Alexander James Duval, Harun Ozturk, Fidan Seker-Polat, Qiushi Jin, Ping Yin, Yue Feng, Serdar E. Bulun, Jian Jun Wei, Feng Yue, and Mazhar Adli

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Nearly 70% of Uterine fibroid (UF) tumors are driven by recurrent MED12 hotspot mutations. Unfortunately, no cellular models could be generated because the mutant cells have lower fitness in 2D culture conditions. To address this, we employ CRISPR to precisely engineer MED12 Gly44 mutations in UF-relevant myometrial smooth muscle cells. The engineered mutant cells recapitulate several UF-like cellular, transcriptional, and metabolic alterations, including altered Tryptophan/kynurenine metabolism. The aberrant gene expression program in the mutant cells is, in part, driven by a substantial 3D genome compartmentalization switch. At the cellular level, the mutant cells gain enhanced proliferation rates in 3D spheres and form larger lesions in vivo with elevated production of collagen and extracellular matrix deposition. These findings indicate that the engineered cellular model faithfully models key features of UF tumors and provides a platform for the broader scientific community to characterize genomics of recurrent MED12 mutations.

Published
2023
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21. Biology-driven therapy advances in high-grade serous ovarian cancer

Author

Wang, Yinu, Duval, Alexander James, Adli, Mazhar, and Matei, Daniela

Subjects
Vascular endothelial growth factor -- Analysis, Ovarian cancer -- Risk factors -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Biological products -- Health aspects, Health care industry
Abstract

Following a period of slow progress, the completion of genome sequencing and the paradigm shift relative to the cell of origin for high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) led to a new perspective on the biology and therapeutic solutions for this deadly cancer. Experimental models were revisited to address old questions, and improved tools were generated. Additional pathways emerging as drivers of ovarian tumorigenesis and key dependencies for therapeutic targeting, in particular, VEGF-driven angiogenesis and homologous recombination deficiency, were discovered. Molecular profiling of histological subtypes of ovarian cancer defined distinct genetic events for each entity, enabling the first attempts toward personalized treatment. Armed with this knowledge, HGSOC treatment was revised to include new agents. Among them, PARP inhibitors (PARPis) were shown to induce unprecedented improvement in clinical benefit for selected subsets of patients. Research on mechanisms of resistance to PARPis is beginning to discover vulnerabilities and point to new treatment possibilities. This Review highlights these advances, the remaining challenges, and unsolved problems in the field., Epidemiology, risk factors, and histological subtypes Over the past 10 years, we have made progress in understanding the biology of and improving the therapeutic options for ovarian cancer (OC), a [...]

Published
2024
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22. The evolution of non-small cell lung cancer metastases in TRACERx

Author

Al Bakir, Maise, Huebner, Ariana, Martínez-Ruiz, Carlos, Grigoriadis, Kristiana, Watkins, Thomas B. K., Pich, Oriol, Moore, David A., Veeriah, Selvaraju, Ward, Sophia, Laycock, Joanne, Johnson, Diana, Rowan, Andrew, Razaq, Maryam, Akther, Mita, Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Prymas, Paulina, Toncheva, Antonia, Hessey, Sonya, Dietzen, Michelle, Colliver, Emma, Frankell, Alexander M., Bunkum, Abigail, Lim, Emilia L., Karasaki, Takahiro, Abbosh, Christopher, Hiley, Crispin T., Hill, Mark S., Cook, Daniel E., Wilson, Gareth A., Salgado, Roberto, Nye, Emma, Stone, Richard Kevin, Fennell, Dean A., Price, Gillian, Kerr, Keith M., Naidu, Babu, Middleton, Gary, Summers, Yvonne, Lindsay, Colin R., Blackhall, Fiona H., Cave, Judith, Blyth, Kevin G., Nair, Arjun, Ahmed, Asia, Taylor, Magali N., Procter, Alexander James, Falzon, Mary, Lawrence, David, Navani, Neal, Thakrar, Ricky M., Janes, Sam M., Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis, Forster, Martin D., Lee, Siow Ming, Ahmad, Tanya, Quezada, Sergio A., Peggs, Karl S., Van Loo, Peter, Dive, Caroline, Hackshaw, Allan, Birkbak, Nicolai J., Zaccaria, Simone, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, McGranahan, Nicholas, and Swanton, Charles

Published
2023
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23. Rationalising development of classification systems describing livestock production systems for disease burden analysis within the Global Burden of Animal Diseases programme

Author

Li, Yin, McIntyre, K. Marie, Rasmussen, Philip, Gilbert, William, Chaters, Gemma, Raymond, Kassy, Jemberu, Wudu T., Larkins, Andrew, Patterson, Grace T., Kwok, Stephen, Kappes, Alexander James, Mayberry, Dianne, Schrobback, Peggy, Acosta, Mario Herrero, Stacey, Deborah A., Huntington, Benjamin, Bruce, Mieghan, Knight-Jones, Theodore, and Rushton, Jonathan

Published
2024
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28. Neutralising antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 and wild-type virus in patients with inflammatory bowel disease following three doses of COVID-19 vaccine (VIP): a prospective, multicentre, cohort study

Author

Chukwurah, Ijeoma, Haq, Sulaimaan, Lo, Jonathan, Shah, Parita, Wilken-Smith, Stephanie, Ramanathan, Anitha, Patel, Mikin, Romanczuk, Lidia, King, Rebecca, Domingo, Jason, Shamtally, Djamila, Mendoza, Vivien, Sanchez, Joanne, Stark, Hannah, Knight, Bridget, Bee, Louise, Estember, Charmaine, Barnes, Anna, Watkins, Darcy, Stone, Sam, Kirkwood, John, Parkinson, Marian, Gardner-Thorpe, Helen, Covil, Kate, Derikx, Lauranne, Alcalde, Beatriz Gros, Lee, Irish, Cipriano, Bessie, Ruocco, Giuseppe, Baden, Manisha, Cooke, Graham, Kourampa, Evgenia, Pasquale, Ciro, Robisco-Diaz, Elena, Bhatti, Suhaylah, Liu, Zhigang, Alexander, James L., Le, Kaixing, Zhou, Xin, Ibraheim, Hajir, Anandabaskaran, Sulak, Saifuddin, Aamir, Lin, Kathy Weitung, McFarlane, Leon R., Constable, Laura, Seoane, Rocio Castro, Anand, Nikhil, Bewshea, Claire, Nice, Rachel, D'Mello, Andrea, Jones, Gareth R., Balarajah, Sharmili, Fiorentino, Francesca, Sebastian, Shaji, Irving, Peter M., Hicks, Lucy C., Williams, Horace RT., Kent, Alexandra J., Linger, Rachel, Parkes, Miles, Kok, Klaartje, Patel, Kamal V., Teare, Julian P., Altmann, Daniel M., Boyton, Rosemary J., Hart, Ailsa L., Lees, Charlie W., Goodhand, James R., Kennedy, Nicholas A., Pollock, Katrina M., Ahmad, Tariq, and Powell, Nick

Published
2023
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33. Progress towards measles Elimination--South-East Asia Region, 2003-2020/Progres realises en vue d'eliminer la rougeole--Region de l'Asie du Sud-Est, 2003-2020

Author

Khanal, Sudhir, Kassem, Ahmed M., Bahl, Sunil, Jayantha, Liyanage, Sangal, Lucky, Sharifuzzaman, Mohammad, Bose, Anindya Sekhar, Antoni, Sebastien, Dattab, Deblina, and Alexander, James P., Jr.

Subjects
Measles, Vaccines, Government, Health, World Health Organization, United Nations. Children's Fund
Abstract

In 2013, the Member States in the WHO South-East Asia Region (SEAR) (1) adopted the goal of measles elimination and rubella and control of congenital rubella syndrome (2) by 2020. [...]

Published
2022

34. Neutralising antibody potency against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and omicron BA.1 and BA.4/5 variants in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with infliximab and vedolizumab after three doses of COVID-19 vaccine (CLARITY IBD): an analysis of a prospective multicentre cohort study

Author

Islam, Madiha, Croft, Nick, Cipriano, Bessie, Francia, Caroline, Khalid, Nosheen, Kingston, Ashley, Lee, Irish, Lehmann, Anouk, Naik, Kinnari, Samuels, Kevin, Plaatjies, Nicolene, Khatun, Hafiza, Bokth, Farjana, Pabriaga, Elise, Saich, Rebecca, Cousins, Hayley, Fraser, Wendy, Thomas, Rachel, Brown, Matthew, White, Benjamin, Kirkineziadis, Nikolaos, Tilley, Bernadette, Porter, Pennie, Bryant, Rachel, Robaczewska, Natalia, Muhammed, Rafeeq, Bi, Rehana, Cotter, Catherine, Grove, Jayne, Hong, Kate, Howman, Ruth, Mitchell, Monica, Clayton, Sophie, Rogers, Louise, Sultan, Sugrah, Rooney, Melanie, Cottrill, Charlotte, Singh, Salil, Dawe, Chris, Hull, Robert, Silva, Natalie, Chadwick, Julie, Robertson, Laura, Manning, Jonathan, Finlayson, Lauren, Roebuck, Allison, Dawson, Joy, Sonwalkar, Sunil, Chambers, Naomi, Robinson, Matthew, Haigh, Andrew, Matapure, Lear, Raine, Tim, George, Varun, Kapizioni, Christina, Strongili, Konstantina, Thompson, Tina, Ahmed, Mohamed, Kontos, Christos, Dawson, Claire, Bourges, Christophe, Barbutti, Isabella, Gozzard, Megan E, Hendy, Philip, Bull, Rhian, Costa, Patricia, Davey, Lisa, Hannington, Hayley, Nundlall, Kribashnie, Martins, Catarina, Avanzi, Laura, Carungcong, Jaime, Barr, Sabrina, Appleby, Richard, Johnson, Emma, Shakweh, Eathar, Phillis, Kath, Gascoyne, Rachel, Crowder, Amanda, Whileman, Amanda, London, Ian, Grounds, Jenny, Martin, Emmeline, Pajak, Susie, Price, Jude, Cawley, Kathryn, Powell, Sandra, Kearsley, Nichola, Dhar, Anjan, Brown, Ellen, Cowton, Amanda, Stamp, Kimberley, Warner, Ben, Stuart, Carmel, Lacey, Louise, de Silva, Shanika, Allcock, Clare, Harvey, Philip, Jones, Lesley, Cooke, Elise, Slater, Jayne, King, Dominic, Brooks, Johanne, Baker, Pearl, Beadle, Hannah, Cruz, Carina, Potter, Debbie, Collum, Joe, Masters, Farzana, Kumar, Aashish, Coetzee, Samantha, Peiu, Mihaela, Icke, Becky, Williams, Jill, Raj, Meena, Gaynor, Edward, Chadokufa, Sibongile, Huggett, Bonita, Meghari, Hamza, El-Khouly, Sara, Kiparissi, Fevronia, Girshab, Waffa, Russell-Walker, Lynda, Jackson, Christopher, Sidler, Sara, Claridge, Andrew, Fowler, Emily, McCafferty, Laura, Haxton, Lesley, Irving, Peter, Christodoulides, Karolina, Clifford, Angela, Dawson, Patrick, Honap, Sailish, Lim, Samuel, Luber, Raphael, Mahiouz, Karina, Meade, Susanna, Raymode, Parizade, Reynolds, Rebecca, Stanton, Anna, Tripoli, Sherill, Hare, Naomi, Odukwe, Sopuluchukwu, Balachandran, Senthuran, North, Emma, North, Jessica, Browne, Bria, Cordle, Jessica, Jameson, Ella, Siaw, Yih Harn, Manzano, Lane, Segal, Jonathan, Al-Bakir, Ibrahim, Khakoo, Imran, Portukhay, Sofiya, Thoua, Nora, Davidson, Katherine, Miah, Jagrul, Canclini, Lisa, Hall, Alex, Furreed, Hassina, Mitchell-Inwang, Christine, Hayes, Melony, Myers, Sally, Talbot, Alison, Turnbull, Jack, Whitehead, Emma, Stamp, Katie, Pattinson, Alison, Mathew, Verghese, Sherris, Leanne, Wilcox, Julie, Ramachandran, Sankaranarayanan, Robertson, Hayley, Harvey, Angela, Hicks, Lucy, Byrne, Tara-Marie, Cabreros, Leilani, Downing-Wood, Hannah, Hunter, Sophie, Saifuddin, Mohammad Aamir, Prabhudev, Hemanth, Balarajah, Sharmili, Krucznski, Jan, Driva, Kalliopi, D'Mello, Andrea, Shah, Parith, Castro-Seoane, Rocio, Ibraheim, Hajir, Constable, Laura E, Lo, Jonathan W, Torkizadeh, Melissa, Hermangild, Sherine K, Sutherland, Helen, Wilhelmsen, Elva, Mackintosh, Katherine, Verma, Ajay M, Sebastian, Juliemol, Peerally, Mohammad Farhad, Guerdette, Anne-marie, Coburn, Susan, Novem lam, Ching Yee, Durrant, Donna, Schaefer, Belinda, Serna, Solange, Shahzad, Muhammad, Kent, Alexandra, Choong, Lee Meng, Pantaloni, Benedetta, Ravdas, Pantelis, Vadamalayan, Babu, Foley, Stephen, Arnold, Becky, Heeley, Cheryl, Lovegrove, Wayne, Sowton, Donna, Allsop, Lynne, Gregory, Heidi, Gill, Mandy, Holmes, Megan, Balan, Valeria, Smith, Susan, Turner, Sarah, Smith, Philip J, Steel, Alan, Bretland, Giovanna, King, Sarah, Lofthouse, Martina, Rigby, Lindsey, Subramanian, Sreedhar, Tyrer, David, Martin, Kate, Probert, Christopher, Kamperidis, Nikolaos, Adedoyin, Temi, Baden, Manisha, Brown, Jeannette, Chacko, Feba, Young, Lisa, Cicchetti, Michela, Saifuddin, Mohammad, Yesupatham, Priya, Gowda, Rohit, Williams, Maureen, Kemp, Karen, Akhand, Rima, Gray, Glaxy, John, Anu, John, Maya, Mohammed, Tasnim, Sathe, Diamond, Jones, Natasha, Soren, Jennifer, Sprakes, Michael, Burton, Julie, Kane, Patricia, Lupton, Stephanie, Bartholomew, Jacqueline, Denis, Elizabeth, Daniels, Alison, MacFaul, George, Scaletta, Diane, Siamia, Loria, Williams, Felicity, Green, Chloe, Ver, Zeljka, Lamb, Chris, Doona, Mary, Hogg, Ashleigh, Jeffrey, Lesley, King, Andrew, Speight, R Alexander, Doyle, Jennifer, Owen, Ruth, Haworth, Jenny, Patterson, Linda, Varnaulasingam, Vithusa, Mowat, Craig, Rice, Debbie, MacFarlane, Susan, MacLeod, Anne, Mohammed, Samera, Murray, Shona, Elliott, Anne, Anne Morris, Mary, Coke, Louise, Hindle, Grace, Kolokouri, Eirini, Wright, Catherine, Lee, Claire, Ward, Nicola, Dann, Adele, Lockett, Melanie, Cranfield, Charlotte, Jennings, Louise, Srivastava, Ankur, Ward, Lana, Jeynes, Nouf, Ranga, Poonam, Rajasekhar, Praveen, Gallagher, Lisa, Ward, Jill, Basnett, Rae, Murphy, Judy, Parking, Lauren, Lawson, Emma, Short, Stacey, Devadason, David, Moran, Gordon, Khan, Neelam, Tarr, Lauren, Olivia, Charmaine, Warbarton, Samantha, Kelly, Sian, Limdi, Jimmy, Goulden, Kay, Javed, Asad, McKenzie, Lauren, Melville, Julie, Liu, Eleanor, Sabine, Joseph, Jacob, Patricia, McSorland, Denise, Schofield, Nick, Cornwall, Lisa, Quirke, James, Crook, Emma, Turner, Anne, Bhandari, Pradeep, Baker-Moffatt, Michelle, Dash, Joanne, Le Poidevin, Alison, Downe, Hayley, Bombeo, Lucille, Blackman, Helen, Smith, Rebecca, Wiles, Alan, Bloxham, Hannah, Dias, Jose, Nadar, Evelyn, Curgenven, Hollie, Gilham, Ellie, Macdonald, Jonathan, Finan, Shona, McMeeken, Faye, Mahmood, Misbah, Shields, Stephanie, Seenan, John Paul, DeSilva, Des, Malkakorpi, Susanna, Carson, Rachel, Lawrence, Holly, Boateng, Ofori, Kpodo, Felix, Whiteoak, Simon, Edger-Earley, Kelli, Vamplew, Luke, Samways, Joanna, Roffe, Sue, Ingram, Sarah, James, Joel, Botfield, Sharon, Hammonds, Fiona, James, Clare, Berry, Zoe, Aspinall, Gemma, Hawkins, Sarah, Parkinson, Marian, Gardner-Thorpe, Helen, Marriott, Suzie, Redstone, Clare, Windak, Halina, Adam, Ana-Marie, Mabb, Hannah, Stevenson, Emma, Record, Jessica, Murray, Charles, Diaba, Cynthia, Joseph, Fexy, Pakou, Glykeria, Gleeson, Yvonne, Nunag, Annalyn, Berrill, James, Stroud, Natalie, Pothecary, Carla, Roche, Lisa, Turner, Keri, Deering, Lisa, Israel, Lynda, Baker, Evelyn, Nash, Maxine, Fagbemi, Andrew, Jennings, Felicia, Mayor, Imelda, Wilson, Jill, Wheeler, Alice, Phillips, Nicola, Gordon, John, Levell, Emma, Zagalo, Silvia, Hoad, Ina, Anil, Bindu, Russell, Richard, Henderson, Paul, Millar, Margaret, Alexakis, Christopher, Michalak, Natalia, Marriott, Cheryl, Stone, Sarah, Pristopan, Veronika, Saunders, John, Burton, Helen, Cambridge, Vanessa, Clark, Tonia, Ekblad, Charlotte, Hierons, Sarah, Katebe, Joyce, Saunsbury, Emma, Perry, Rachel, Brookes, Matthew, Davies, Kathryn, Green, Marie, Plumbe, Ann, Ormerod, Clare, Christensen, Helen, Howlett, Hannah, Keen, Anne, Ogor, Jonathan, Greenhaigh, Marie, Knowles, Karen, Yin, Shanzi, Poulaka, Maria, Anthony, Alpha, Newitt, Emily, Trim, Fiona, Casey, Ruth, Seymour, Katherine, Reed, Catherine, Joy, Lijo, Fogden, Edward, Russell, Kalisha, Hussain, Samia, Phillips, Anne, Abdulla, Muaad, Butterworth, Jeff, Adams, Colene, Carnahan, Mandy, Buckingham, Elizabeth, Childs, Danielle, Magness, Alison, Stickley, Jo, Motherwell, Nichola, Tonks, Louise, Gibson, Hannah, Wistance, Kate, Thomas, Caradog, Brinkworth, Elaine, Connor, Lynda, Cook, Amanda, Rees, Tabitha, Harford, Rachel, Farley, Sean, Jones, Marie, Wesley, Emma, Moss, Alison, Lucas, Jacob, Lorimer, Claire, Oleary, Maria, Dixon, Maxine, Goodchild, Fiona, Twenlow, Rebecca, Pawley, Corinne, Ramadas, Arvind, Tregonning, Julie, Okeke, Olaku, Jackson, Wendy, Koumoutsos, Ioannis, George, Viji, Kunhunny, Swapna, Laverick, Sophie, Anderson, Isla, Smith, Sophie, Joyce, Joan, Janarthan, Sarala, Patel, Kamal, Ali, Mariam, Mhandu, Hilda, Rana, Aleem, Spears, Katherine, Teixeira, Joana, Mencias, Mark, Seaward, Abigail, Sousa, Jessica, Said, Nooria, Soomaroo, Mark, Raspa, Valentina, Tacouri, Asha, Reps, Nicholas, Martin, Rebecca, Samakomva, Tinashe, Selinger, Christian, Carbonell, Jenelyn, Onovira, Felicia, Quartey, Doris, L'Anson, Alice, Ashworth, Andrew, Bailey, Jessica, Dunn, Angie, Bespaloi, Gjuzel, Rasalan, Harold, Mahmood, Zahid, Campbell, Racheal, Marsh, Liane, Coughlan, Tricia, Jafar, Wisam, Marrs, Janet, McPheat, Christopher, Rahman, Monira, Davies, Sarah, Habibi, Ruth, Jessup-Dunton, Ellen, Joefield, Teishel, Layug, Reina, Patel, Vinod, Vere, Joanne, Turner, Victoria, Kilroy, Susan, Coulding, Martina, Clark, Martyn, McCormick, Jacqueline, Nisar, Attiya, Walker, Gareth, Atkins, Stacey, Growdon, Jasmine, George, Becky, McNeill, Charlotte, Reed, Bryony, Foulds, Angela, Marshall, Catherine, Allison, Michele, Dillon, Briony, Cooney, Rachel, Bennett, Lillie, Bowlas, Louise, Shariff, Sharafaath, Fraser, Aileen, Punnette, Dwayne, Lambert, Rebecca, Bishop-Hurman, Charlotte, Undrell, Elizabeth, Belfield, Katherine, Din, Said, Addleton, Catherine, Appleby, Marie, Brown, Johanna, Holding, Kathleen, Fraser, Catherine, Birkenshaw, Janice, Williams, Jodie, Maulion, Kamille, Lane, Meg, Kravale, Arita, Smith, Claud, Hooper, Patricia, deCaestecker, John, Watchorn, Olivia, Clarke, Ellie, Hayward, Chris, Inniss, Susan, Pritchard, Lucy, Rudge, Karen, Carney, Amanda, Griffee, Sarah, Andreyev, Jervoise, Babu, Sathish, Hayhurst, Caroline, Lockwood, Carol, Osborne, Lynn, Roper, Amanda, Warner, Karen, Hindle, Julia, Lawrence, Tara, Netherton, Kimberley, Watt, Caroline, Szymiczek, Kinga, Mehta, Shameer, Bell, James, Blad, William, Whitley, Lisa, Jastrub, Roman, Durai, Dhamaraj, Baker, Mark, John Sivamurugan, Elizabeth, Evans, Mim, Cummings, Fraser, Harris, Clare, Jones, Amy, Krauze, Liga, Rahmany, Sohail, Earl, Michelle, Vowles, Jenny, Torokwa, Audrey, Petrova, Mirela, Procter, Andrew, Stanley, Jo, Silvamoniz, Claudia, Bettey, Marion, Wahid, Amar, Morrison, Zoe, Thomas-Turner, Rhian, Yendle, Louise, Muller, Jennifer, Mitchell, Marcus, Kirkwood, John, Barnes, Anna, Chaudhary, Rakesh, Claridge, Melanie, Ellis, Chiara, Kemp, Cheryl, Tobi, Ogwa, Milton, Jentus, Johnston, Emma, Oblak, Metod, Winpenny, Carmen, Svensson, Marie-Louise, Godden, Jo, Ashhar, Marium, Alexander, Debbie, Covil, Kate, Derikx, Lauranne, Siakavellas, Sryros, Baxter, Helen, Robertson, Scott, Smith, Linda, Poulose, Beena, Colemam, Anne, Balint, Margareta, Rhys-Jones, Gareth, Watters, Helen, Begg, Susan, Grosalcalde, Beatriz, Coyle, Judy, Johns, Kerrie, Hughes, Rachel, Phipps, Janet, Taylor, Abigail, MacPhee, Catherine, Brooks, Suzanne, John, Jolene, Edwards, Michelle, Smith, Katie, Howard, Linda, Wood, Dianne, Muddu, Ajay, Barman, Laura, Mallinson, Janine, Neale, Tania, Ionita, Diana, Elliot, Kerry, Turnball, Alison, Thomas, Iola, Thomas, Alice, Andrews, Kelly, Sutton, Jonathon, Mulvaney Jones, Caroline, Roberts, Julia, Bishop, Jeannie, Liu, Zhigang, Le, Kaixing, Zhou, Xin, Alexander, James L, Lin, Simeng, Bewshea, Claire, Chanchlani, Neil, Nice, Rachel, McDonald, Timothy J, Lamb, Christopher A, Sebastian, Shaji, Kok, Klaartje, Lees, Charlie W, Hart, Ailsa L, Pollok, Richard C, Boyton, Rosemary J, Altmann, Daniel M, Pollock, Katrina M, Goodhand, James R, Kennedy, Nicholas A, Ahmad, Tariq, and Powell, Nick

Published
2023
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35. Infliximab and Tofacitinib Attenuate Neutralizing Antibody Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 Ancestral and Omicron Variants in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients After 3 Doses of COVID-19 Vaccine

Author

Le, Kaixing, Zhou, Xin, Ibraheim, Hajir, Anandabaskaran, Sulak, Saifuddin, Aamir, McFarlane, Leon R., Anand, Nikhil, Constable, Laura, Seoane, Rocio Castro, D’Mello, Andrea, Balarajah, Sharmili, Hicks, Lucy C., Williams, Horace R.T., Lo, Jonathan W., Hart, Ailsa L., Altmann, Daniel M., Boyton, Rosemary J., Teare, Julian P., Nice, Rachel, Bewshea, Claire, Goodhand, James R., Kennedy, Nicholas A., Barnes, Anna, Kirkwood, John, Parkinson, Marian, Gardner-Thorpe, Helen, Lees, Charlie W., Jones, Gareth R., Covil, Kate, Derikx, Lauranne, Fiorentino, Francesca, Irving, Peter M., Parkes, Miles, Linger, Rachel, Kok, Klaartje, Lee, Irish, Cipriano, Bessie, Patel, Kamal V., Sebastian, Shaji, Kent, Alexandra J., Chukwurah, Ijeoma, Haq, Sulaimaan, Shah, Parita, Wilken-Smith, Stephanie, Ramanathan, Anitha, Patel, Mikin, Romanczuk, Lidia, King, Rebecca, Domingo, Jason, Knight, Bridget, Shamtally, Djamila, Mendoza, Vivien, Sanchez, Joanne, Stark, Hannah, Bee, Louise, Estember, Charmaine, Watkins, Darcy, Stone, Sam, Alcalde, Beatriz Gros, Ruocco, Giuseppe, Baden, Manisha, Cooke, Graham, Kourampa, Evgenia, Pasquale, Ciro, Robisco-Diaz, Elena, Bhatti, Suhaylah, Liu, Zhigang, Alexander, James L., Lin, Kathy Weitung, Ahmad, Tariq, Pollock, Katrina M., and Powell, Nick

Published
2023
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39. COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody and T-cell responses in immunosuppressed patients with inflammatory bowel disease after the third vaccine dose (VIP): a multicentre, prospective, case-control study

Author

Chukwurah, Ijeoma, Haq, Sulaimaan, Shah, Parita, Wilken-Smith, Stephanie, Ramanathan, Anitha, Patel, Mikin, Romanczuk, Lidia, King, Rebecca, Domingo, Jason, Shamtally, Djamila, Mendoza, Vivien, Sanchez, Joanne, Stark, Hannah, Knight, Bridget, Bee, Louise, Estember, Charmaine, Barnes, Anna, Watkins, Darcy, Stone, Sam, Kirkwood, John, Parkinson, Marian, Gardner-Thorpe, Helen, Covil, Kate, Derikx, Lauranne, Gros Alcalde, Beatriz, Lee, Irish, Cipriano, Bessie, Ruocco, Giuseppe, Baden, Manisha, Cooke, Graham, Pollock, Katrina, Kourampa, Evgenia, Pasquale, Ciro, Robisco-Diaz, Elena, Bhatti, Suhaylah, Alexander, James L, Liu, Zhigang, Muñoz Sandoval, Diana, Reynolds, Catherine, Ibraheim, Hajir, Anandabaskaran, Sulak, Saifuddin, Aamir, Castro Seoane, Rocio, Anand, Nikhil, Nice, Rachel, Bewshea, Claire, D'Mello, Andrea, Constable, Laura, Jones, Gareth R, Balarajah, Sharmili, Fiorentino, Francesca, Sebastian, Shaji, Irving, Peter M, Hicks, Lucy C, Williams, Horace R T, Kent, Alexandra J, Linger, Rachel, Parkes, Miles, Kok, Klaartje, Patel, Kamal V, Teare, Julian P, Altmann, Daniel M, Goodhand, James R, Hart, Ailsa L, Lees, Charlie W, Boyton, Rosemary J, Kennedy, Nicholas A, Ahmad, Tariq, and Powell, Nick

Published
2022
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40. 'Pill-in-the-pocket’ Oral Anticoagulation Guided by Daily Rhythm Monitoring for Stroke Prevention in Patients with AF: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author

Andre Briosa e Gala, Michael Timothy Brian Pope, Milena Leo, Alexander James Sharp, Victor Tsoi, John Paisey, Nick Curzen, and Timothy Rider Betts

Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Aims: In patients with a low AF burden and long periods of sinus rhythm, ‘pill-in-the-pocket’ oral anticoagulation (OAC) may, taken as needed in response to AF episodes, offer the same thromboembolic protection as continuous, life-long OAC, while reducing bleeding complications at the same time. The purpose of this study is to systematically summarise available evidence pertaining to the feasibility, safety and efficacy of pill-in-the-pocket OAC. Methods: Medline and Embase were searched from inception to July 2022 for studies adopting a pill-in-the-pocket OAC strategy in AF patients guided by daily rhythm monitoring (PROSPERO/CRD42020209564). Outcomes of interest were extracted and event rates per patient-years of follow-up were calculated. A random effects model was used for pooled estimates. Results: Eight studies were included (711 patients). Daily rhythm monitoring was continuous in six studies and intermittent in two (pulse checks or smartphone single-lead electrocardiograms were used). Anticoagulation criteria varied across studies, reflecting the uncertainty regarding the AF burden that warrants anticoagulation. The mean time from AF meeting OAC criteria to its initiation was not reported. Adopting pill-in-the-pocket OAC led to 390 (54.7%) patients stopping OAC, 85 (12.0%) patients taking pill-in-the-pocket OAC and 237 (33.3%) patients remaining on or returning to continuous OAC. Overall, annualised ischaemic stroke and major bleeding rates per patient-year of follow-up were low at 0.005 (95% CI [0.002–0.012]) and 0.024 (95% CI [0.013–0.043]), respectively. Conclusion: Current evidence, although encouraging, is insufficient to inform practice. Additional studies are required to improve our understanding of the relationships between AF burden and thromboembolic risk to help define anticoagulation criteria and appropriate monitoring strategies.

Published
2023
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41. Random forests, sound symbolism and Pokémon evolution.

Author

Alexander James Kilpatrick, Aleksandra Ćwiek, and Shigeto Kawahara

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

This study constructs machine learning algorithms that are trained to classify samples using sound symbolism, and then it reports on an experiment designed to measure their understanding against human participants. Random forests are trained using the names of Pokémon, which are fictional video game characters, and their evolutionary status. Pokémon undergo evolution when certain in-game conditions are met. Evolution changes the appearance, abilities, and names of Pokémon. In the first experiment, we train three random forests using the sounds that make up the names of Japanese, Chinese, and Korean Pokémon to classify Pokémon into pre-evolution and post-evolution categories. We then train a fourth random forest using the results of an elicitation experiment whereby Japanese participants named previously unseen Pokémon. In Experiment 2, we reproduce those random forests with name length as a feature and compare the performance of the random forests against humans in a classification experiment whereby Japanese participants classified the names elicited in Experiment 1 into pre-and post-evolution categories. Experiment 2 reveals an issue pertaining to overfitting in Experiment 1 which we resolve using a novel cross-validation method. The results show that the random forests are efficient learners of systematic sound-meaning correspondence patterns and can classify samples with greater accuracy than the human participants.

Published
2023
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42. Amoeboid migration in health and disease: Immune responses versus cancer dissemination

Author

Samantha George, Joshua Alexander James Martin, Vittoria Graziani, and Victoria Sanz-Moreno

Subjects
amoeboid migration, cancer, leukocyte, metastasis, migrastatics, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Cell migration is crucial for efficient immune responses and is aberrantly used by cancer cells during metastatic dissemination. Amoeboid migrating cells use myosin II-powered blebs to propel themselves, and change morphology and direction. Immune cells use amoeboid strategies to respond rapidly to infection or tissue damage, which require quick passage through several barriers, including blood, lymph and interstitial tissues, with complex and varied environments. Amoeboid migration is also used by metastatic cancer cells to aid their migration, dissemination and survival, whereby key mechanisms are hijacked from professionally motile immune cells. We explore important parallels observed between amoeboid immune and cancer cells. We also consider key distinctions that separate the lifespan, state and fate of these cell types as they migrate and/or fulfil their function. Finally, we reflect on unexplored areas of research that would enhance our understanding of how tumour cells use immune cell strategies during metastasis, and how to target these processes.

Published
2023
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44. COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody responses in immunosuppressed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (VIP): a multicentre, prospective, case-control study

Author

Chukwurah, Ijeoma, Haq, Sulaimaan, Shah, Parita, Wilken-Smith, Stephanie, Ramanathan, Anitha, Patel, Mikin, Romanczuk, Lidia, King, Rebecca, Domingo, Jason, Shamtally, Djamila, Mendoza, Vivien, Sanchez, Joanne, Stark, Hannah, Knight, Bridget, Bee, Louise, Estember, Charmaine, Barnes, Anna, Watkins, Darcy, Stone, Sam, Kirkwood, John, Parkinson, Marian, Gardner-Thorpe, Helen, Covil, Kate, Derikx, Lauranne, Gros Alcalde, Beatriz, Lee, Irish, Cipriano, Bessie, Ruocco, Giuseppe, Baden, Manisha, Cooke, Graham, Pollock, Katrina, Alexander, James L, Kennedy, Nicholas A, Ibraheim, Hajir, Anandabaskaran, Sulak, Saifuddin, Aamir, Castro Seoane, Rocio, Liu, Zhigang, Nice, Rachel, Bewshea, Claire, D'Mello, Andrea, Constable, Laura, Jones, Gareth R, Balarajah, Sharmili, Fiorentino, Francesca, Sebastian, Shaji, Irving, Peter M, Hicks, Lucy C, Williams, Horace R T, Kent, Alexandra J, Linger, Rachel, Parkes, Miles, Kok, Klaartje, Patel, Kamal V, Teare, Julian P, Altmann, Daniel M, Boyton, Rosemary J, Goodhand, James R, Hart, Ailsa L, Lees, Charlie W, Ahmad, Tariq, and Powell, Nick

Published
2022
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46. Antibody decay, T cell immunity and breakthrough infections following two SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with infliximab and vedolizumab

Author

Lin, Simeng, Kennedy, Nicholas A., Saifuddin, Aamir, Sandoval, Diana Muñoz, Reynolds, Catherine J., Seoane, Rocio Castro, Kottoor, Sherine H., Pieper, Franziska P., Lin, Kai-Min, Butler, David K., Chanchlani, Neil, Nice, Rachel, Chee, Desmond, Bewshea, Claire, Janjua, Malik, McDonald, Timothy J., Sebastian, Shaji, Alexander, James L., Constable, Laura, Lee, James C., Murray, Charles D., Hart, Ailsa L., Irving, Peter M., Jones, Gareth-Rhys, Kok, Klaartje B., Lamb, Christopher A., Lees, Charlie W., Altmann, Daniel M., Boyton, Rosemary J., Goodhand, James R., Powell, Nick, and Ahmad, Tariq

Published
2022
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50. Land-Use Planning Approaches to Near-Campus Neighborhoods and Student Housing Development Patterns in Ontario, Canada.

Author

Revington, Nick and Wray, Alexander James David

Abstract

Student housing represents a contentious local policy issue in university cities in North America and beyond, related to both the conversion of existing housing to student rentals and the development of private purpose-built student accommodations. Yet little research has considered the variety of approaches municipalities across an urban system have adopted to address student housing issues through land-use planning and their subsequent influence on development patterns. Through an analysis of planning documents in all 15 Ontario urban areas with a primary campus of the province's 20 public universities, we identify four broad approaches. These range from minimal intervention to covertly restricting student housing development, directing student housing away from established neighborhoods, and enabling high-density redevelopment of a residential district to accommodate students. Municipalities' approaches reflect local context, notably their relationship to the province's regional growth management plans. Case studies demonstrate how each approach has shaped purpose-built student accommodation development locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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