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In this paper, by using of a transformation with a parameter, together with the Hirota bilinear method, we obtain the 3-solitary wave and 4-solitary wave solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Ito equation. The parameter plays an important role in the long wave limit method. The elastic interactions are analyzed from the point of asymptotical analysis. Resorting to the phase shifts of the lump wave and taking different values of the parameters, we obtain the resonant interactional solutions which are analyzed graphically.

In this paper, based on the bilinear form, we obtain 2-plane-soliton and 4-plane-soliton solutions for the 2+1-dimensional Ito equation. Particularly, both the elastic interactions and inelastic interactions of periodic waves are obtained. The existence conditions of periodic solitons and resonant solutions are provided. The asymptotic behaviors of the solutions are analyzed in detail to study the elastic and inelastic interactions. The interactional properties of obtained solutions are also investigated graphically.

In this paper, we study some exact solutions of the (3 + 1)-dimensional variable-coefficient nonlinear wave equation in liquid with gas bubbles. Based on a given transformation and the bilinear form, together with symbolic computations, we obtain the multi-soliton solutions and periodic solutions including X-periodic, Y-periodic and 2-periodic wave solutions. By using of the long wave limit method, we obtain lump solutions and lump-periodic solutions that lumps moving on a background with different periodic waves. The properties of the solutions are analyzed graphically.

In this paper, we study exact solutions of the classical Boussinesq (CB) system, which describes propagations of shallow water waves. By using the bilinear form, with exponential expansions, we obtain solitary wave solutions of the CB system. Based on asymptotic analysis method, we study the elastic and elastic–inelastic–coupled interactions of the obtained solitary wave solutions. With extended three–wave method, we obtain the periodic solitary solution of the CB system. And with polynomial expansions, we get the rational solutions of the CB system. These interesting exact solutions may be useful in the study of some phenomena appeared in shallow water waves.

Abstract Background Recent evidence indicated that the aberrant expression of microRNA plays a crucial role in the development of cervical cancer. The overall shorter survival was strongly related to the abnormal expression of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and microRNA-206 (miR-206), which target B cell lymphoma-2(Bcl2) and c-Met. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met pathway is related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of cervical cancer, and c-Met is significantly overexpressed in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Bcl2 is also considered to be a promising target for developing novel anticancer treatments. Methods In this study, we detect the expression of miR-34a and miR-206 in the cervical cancer tissue through quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay, and the expression of Bcl2 and c-Met from cervical cancer tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of miR-34a and miR-206 were down-regulated in the cervical cancer tissue through qRT-PCR assay. As target genes of miR-34a and miR-206, Bcl2 and c-Met were up-regulated in cervical cancer tissues through qRT-PCR assay and immunohistochemistry. Kaplan–Meier and log-rank analysis revealed that down-regulated expression of miR-34a and miR-206 were strongly related to shorter overall survival. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for all variables that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis demonstrated that miR-34a (P = 0.038) and miR-206 (P = 0.008) might be independent prognostic factors for overall survival of patients suffering from cervical cancer. Conclusions The up-regulation of Bcl2 and c-Met promotes the cervical cancer’s progress, and the expression of miR-34a and miR-206 significantly correlated with the progression and prognosis in cervical cancer. All of these suggested that miR-34a and miR-206 might be the novel prognostic and therapy tools in cervical cancer.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the relationship between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and risk of left atrial thrombus/spontaneous echo contrast (LAT/SEC) in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Methods In this retrospective study, 1158 consecutive non-valvular AF patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography prior to radiofrequency catheter ablation or electric cardioversion were enrolled. Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed. Results There were 87 (7.5%) patients with LAT/SEC. The HbA1c levels in the patients with LAT/SEC were significantly higher than that in patients without LAT/SEC (6.13 ± 0.41 vs. 5.89 ± 0.45 μmol/L, P

Background Previous studies have provided conflicting results as to whether women are at higher risk than men for thromboembolism in the setting of atrial fibrillation (AF). We investigated whether women with AF were at higher risk of ischemic stroke in the China‐AF (China Atrial Fibrillation Registry) Study. Methods and Results A total of 19 515 patients were prospectively enrolled between August 2011 and December 2016 in the China‐AF Study. After exclusion of patients receiving anticoagulation or ablation therapy, 6239 patients (2574 women) with results from at least 6 months of follow‐up were used for the analysis. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to evaluate whether female sex was an independent risk factor for thromboembolism after multivariate adjustment. The primary outcome was the time to the first occurrence of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism. After a mean follow‐up of 2.81±1.46 years, 152 female patients reached the primary outcome, as compared with 172 male patients. Crude incidence rates of thromboembolism between women and men were of borderline statistical significance (2.08 versus 1.68 per 100 patient‐years, P=0.058). After multivariable analysis, female sex was not independently associated with an increased thromboembolism risk (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.86‐1.39). There was no significant difference in thromboembolism risk by sex stratified by age and presence or absence of risk factors (P for interaction all >0.1). Conclusions Although crude incidence rates of thromboembolism were higher in Chinese female patients with AF compared with male patients, female sex did not emerge as an independent risk factor for thromboembolism on multivariate analysis. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/. Unique identifier: ChiCTR‐OCH‐13003729.

Ocular hypertension (OHT), the common situation in adult patients in the outpatients, occurs ∼5% worldwide. However, there are still some practical problems in differentiation of OHT with early primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using current standard methods. Application of high resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables us to the differentiate axonal architecture of visual pathway between POAG and OHT subjects. Among 32 POAG patients recruited (15 OHT and 14 control subjects), 62.5% of glaucoma were in early stage for the current study. All subjects underwent ophthalmological assessments with standard automated perimetry and optical coherence tomography (OCT). DTI was applied to measure fraction anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of optic tract (OT), lateral geniculate body (LGN) and optic radiation (OR) using voxel-based analysis. Our data demonstrated that FA values of bilateral OR in POAG were significantly lower in the right or left than that of OHT patients (left OR: 0.51 ± 0.04 vs. 0.54 ± 0.03, p < 0.05; right OR: 0.51 ± 0.05 vs. 0.54 ± 0.03, p < 0.05). In right LGN, MD values were higher in POAG patients compared with OHT subjects (9.81 ± 1.45 vs. 8.23 ± 0.62, p < 0.05). However, no significant difference of all of the DTI parameters was observed between OHT and control subjects. DTI parameters in POAG patients were positively correlated with morphological and functional measurements (p < 0.05). Vertical cup to disc ratio (VCDR) was correlated with ipsilateral FA of OT (p < 0.05), ipsilateral MD of OT (p < 0.05), ipsilateral MD of LGN (p < 0.05), and contralateral MD of OT (p < 0.05). Mean deviation of visual field (MDVF) was correlated with ipsilateral FA of OT (p < 0.05), ipsilateral MD of OT (p < 0.05), and ipsilateral FA of LGN (p < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that DTI can differentiate POAG from OHT subjects in optic pathway, particularly in early POAG, and DTI parameters can quantify the progression of POAG.

Heading date of rice is a key agronomic trait determining cultivated areas and seasons and affecting yield. In the present study, five primary single segment substitution lines with the same genetic background were used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for heading date in rice. Two QTLs, qHD3 and qHD6 on the short arm of chromosome 3 and the short arm of chromosome 6, respectively, were identified under natural long-day (NLD). Nineteen secondary single segment substitution lines (SSSLs) and seven double segments pyramiding lines were designed to map the two QTLs and to evaluate their epistatic interaction between them. By overlapping mapping, qHD3 was mapped in a 791-kb interval between SSR markers RM3894 and RM569 and qHD6 in a 1125-kb interval between RM587 and RM225. Results revealed the existence of epistatic interaction between qHD3 and qHD6 under natural long-day (NLD). It was also found that qHD3 and qHD6 had significant effects on plant height and yield traits, indicating that both of the QTLs have pleiotropic effects.

This study explored the transformative potential of academic service learning (ASL) within a Taiwanese university setting in the context of teaching English as a foreign language. The participants were students majoring in English, enrolled in a semester-long English teaching course. Their academic servicelearning project involved teaching English to students in rural primary schools. By adopting both quantitative and qualitative approaches, this study illuminated how ASL influences students’ academic, personal, and interpersonal development. Quantitative findings revealed a significant level of satisfaction with the ASL course and noted substantial gains in personal growth, professional development, and civic engagement domains. As for the qualitative data, the study brought forth the concrete ways in which the academic servicelearning curriculum has augmented students’ professional knowledge, skills, and attitudes. While the results aligned with many previous studies asserting the benefits of service learning in enhancing academic and practical learning outcomes, they also shed light on the potential areas of improvement, particularly in fostering civic engagement. Overall, this study underscored the transformative potential of a well-structured academic service-learning curriculum in enriching student learning experiences, bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world application, and cultivating a deeper sense of civic responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study summarises the treatment of a patient with diabetic foot gangrene. By undergoing irrigation and negative pressure wound therapy (INPWT) with moist dressing, foot amputation was avoided. The treatment process included: the comprehensive assessment of systemic and local condition; choosing suitable debridement such as sharp surgical debridement; preventing the spread of infection; applying INPWT to reduce endotoxin absorption; and active treatments of primary disease such as controlling blood sugar and blood pressure, and improving microcirculation and nutrition. After 2 months of vigorous INPWT, the patient's wound bed improved. After the application of a moist dressing, the wound closed and healed successfully at 3 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the effect of training for enterostomal therapists (ETs) based on Kirkpatrick's Four Levels of Training Evaluation model. To understand ET trainees' work status after completing the Enterostomal Therapy Nursing Education Program (ETNEP) course as well as the ET students' satisfaction of teachers and studying conditions when completing the Wenzhou ETNEP. Methods One hundred and sixty-nine students who had completed the Wenzhou ETNEP were evaluated by Kirkpatrick's Four Levels of Training Evaluation model from four perspectives, namely the Reaction, Learning, Behaviour and Result levels. Results The overall satisfaction of the Wenzhou ETNEP was high in the Reaction level. In the Reaction Level the average matrix score of training programs and teachers was: >1.4. In the Behavioural level, 103 ETs participated in stoma and wound clinics, with 99.2% of them actively promoting ET nursing knowledge and 18 ETs (13.2%) serving as teachers of ETNEP schools. One hundred and sixteen ETs (85.3%) conducted ET-related nursing courses for other nursing staff and 58.8% of ETs had conducted continued education courses. Of the ETs, 22.8% participated in the hospital's outpatient or outreach stoma and wound care services. In the Result level, 58.8% of ETs participated in nursing research of the specialty, 29.4% of ETs had obtained scientific research funds and 136 ETs had published papers. Conclusion Students are satisfied with the ETNEP training they received. Their ability to work and function as ETs has improved on completion of their training. In addition, their professional standing has improved, with all ETNEP participants having achieved good results in the fields of specialised nursing, extended nursing, scientific research and teaching. However, in reviewing the survey results and aligning these with current standards of practice and employment of ETs in China, there is the need to modify parts of the ETNEP (such as raising the degree of ET students' entry criteria), standardise teaching materials and establish communication processes with mechanisms for exchanging ET teachers nationally and internationally, to ensure the quality of teaching and improve the quality of specialised ET nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common complication associated with pre-term infants in neonatal intensive care units are extravasation injuries (EI), which are a significant cause of iatrogenic morbidity and mortality. This case study describes the management of severe extravasation injuries in a premature infant. The theories and principles of wound bed preparation such as debridement of necrotic tissue, infection control through reduction of wound bioburden, moisture balance and promotion of epithelial migration were employed to facilitate wound healing. After two months of careful wound care, the wound healed completely. There was no functional or cosmetic impairment and no scar formation: an excellent result overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using of the bilinear form, rational solutions and lump solutions of the potential Yu-Toda-Sasa- Fukuyama (YTSF) equation are derived. Dynamics of the fundamental lump solution, n1-order lump solutions, and N-lump solutions are studied for some special cases. We also find some interaction behaviours of solitary waves and one lump of rational solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our team introduces a case of a huge pressure injury in the sacrococcygeal region with systemic infection, which was successfully cured by Chinese medicine for half a year after debridement. The method is economical and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amorphous SnO thin films were prepared on quartz and 190 nm SiO2/Si(00l) substrates by electron b'eam evaporation. X-ray diffraction results reveal that amorphous SnO transforms into polycrystalline a-SnO (tetragonal litharge structure) after rapid thermal annealing in Ar ambient at 350-400°C and starts decomposing into o-SnO2 (orthorhombic structure) with the expulsion of Sn atoms at 450-500°C. The optical properties were characterized via spectroscopic ellipsometry. The polycrystalline SnO thin films have a higher refractive index n and a narrower bandgap E5 than the amorphous ones, which is due to the polarizability enhancement in the crystallization process. Moreover, the relationship between n and Eg of the amorphous and polycrystalline SnO thin films can be explained by the "Moss rule" law, and a decreasing trend in n was verified with the transformation from SnO to SnO2. Bottom-gate-type thin film transistors (TEl's) employing polycrystalline SnO channels on the 5i02/Si(00l) substrates exhibit p-type field-effect transistor characteristics. The optimum field-effect mobilities μsat and μlin are 0.46 and 0.87 cm2 V-1 S-1 respectively, which are the same order of magnitude as those reported for epitaxial SnO TEl's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spike sorting is the mandatory first step in analyzing multiunit recording signals for studying information processing mechanisms within the nervous system. Extracellular recordings usually contain overlapped spikes produced by a number of neurons adjacent to the electrode, together with unknown background noise, which in turn induce some difficulties in neural signal identification. In this paper, we propose a robust method to deal with these problems, which employs an automatic overlap decomposition technique based on the relaxation algorithm that requires simple fast Fourier transforms. The performance of the presented system was tested at various signal-to-noise ratio levels based on synthetic data that were generated from real recordings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Darboux transformation with multi-parameters for the Boussinesq–Burgers (B–B) equation is derived. For an application, some important explicit solutions of the B–B equation are obtained, including 2N-soliton solution and periodic solution. Finally, some elegant and interesting figures are plotted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the perioperative rate of allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in adolescent scoliosis(AS) that underwent posterior correction surgeries, and to identify its risk factors. Methods This study was a retrospective cohort study. Anesthetic data of adolescent scoliosis patients who underwent posterior correction surgeries from January 2015 to May 2017 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were collected and analyzed. The clinical variables were subsequently compared between patients who received allogeneic RBC transfusion(transfusion group) and those who did not (non-transfusion group). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors in perioperative allogeneic RBC transfusion in these patients. Results The study enrolled 469 patients. The perioperative rate of allogeneic RBC transfusion was 30.5% and the independent risk factors leading to it included corrected body mass index (BMI) (OR=0.887, 95% CI: 0.815-0.966, P＜0.01),other type of scoliosis (OR=3.847, 95% CI: 1.660-8.917, P＜0.01) (compared with idiopathic scoliosis), preoperative anemia (OR=6.322, 95% CI: 2.053-19.473, P＜0.01), the number of fused levels more than 12.5 (OR=3.554, 95% CI: 2.174-5.885, P＜0.001), preoperative Cobb angle larger than 64.5° (OR=2.381, 95% CI: 1.356-4.178, P＜0.01) and osteotomy (OR=7.551, 95% CI: 3.258-17.503,P＜0.001). The postoperative transfer rate to intensive care unit(ICU)(P＜0.001) in transfusion group was higher, with longer hospital stay length(P＜0.001) and higher cost(P＜0.001), than that in the non-transfusion group. Conclusions The risk factors for perioperative allogeneic RBC transfusion in AS include corrected BMI, other type of scoliosis, preoperative anemia, the number of fused levels more than 12.5, preoperative Cobb angle larger than 64.5° and osteotomy.