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Willingness to communicate in a second language (L2-WTC) is a crucial factor influencing the success of language learning, particularly in the context of Arabic learning. This article presented the extent to which Arabic language learners' willingness to communicate (WTC) in a second language impacts their achievement in acquiring language skills. A quantitative approach was used and the study surveyed 33 undergraduate Arabic learners at UIN Bandung in 2023. Data were collected through questionnaires measuring WTC levels and the factors influencing them, such as motivation, speaking anxiety, and opportunities for language practice. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify the relationship between WTC and the Arabic language proficiency learners. The results indicated that a high level of WTC is positively associated with better communicative competence. Additionally, learning motivation and environmental support significantly contribute to enhancing students' WTC. On the other hand, speaking anxiety and limited practice opportunities were identified as barriers to achieving optimal WTC. This article recommends that Arabic language instructors focus on teaching strategies that can enhance WTC, such as creating supportive environments and reducing speaking anxiety. Further research is suggested to explore the role of technology in supporting WTC and to investigate other individual factors such as cultural and social backgrounds.

IntroductionAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder affecting a significant portion of the population, is commonly managed with stimulant medications. These medications, while effective, have been associated with thermoregulatory dysfunction and an increased risk of heat-related adverse events. The current study sought to compare the incidence of such events in ADHD patients receiving stimulant medications with those not on these treatments.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted utilizing de-identified electronic medical records from a Global Research Network. The study population comprised ADHD patients on stimulant medication aged 6-24 years, with a comparison group of ADHD patients not receiving stimulant medications. Patients were followed from the date of first cohort inclusion (index event) for one year to track heat-related illnesses, including dehydration, hyperthermia, heat stroke, and other heat-related conditions. Propensity score matching was employed to balance baseline characteristics (age, gender) between cohorts. Risk ratios, odds ratios, and hazard ratios were calculated to assess the incidence of heat-related illnesses between groups. Statistical analysis was performed on the TriNetX platform, with survival analysis conducted via Kaplan-Meier estimates.ResultsAnalysis revealed a decreased risk of heat-related illnesses in the stimulant medication group, with a risk ratio of 0.559(95% CI: 0.485, 0.644). The mean number of events was also lower in the stimulants medication group (p=0.028). Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated a higher probability of remaining free from heat-related illnesses in the stimulant group over a one-year period, with a statistically significant difference (log-rank test, χ² = 93.035, p < 0.0001).DiscussionThese results suggest that stimulant medications may be associated with a reduced risk of heat-related illnesses in ADHD patients, potentially contributing to better overall outcomes in this population. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and to confirm these findings across larger and more varied patient populations.

This study explores the drivers and barriers of the Circular Economy (CE) in Tunis Village, a rural tourism destination, as a case study of emerging economics. We adopted an exploratory case study methodology. Telephone interviews (n = 10) with stakeholders were conducted, and a survey of employees (n = 123) was distributed. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed, and quantitative data were descriptively presented. The results show that improving relationships with the local community, gaining financial benefits, and improving relationships with suppliers were the top perceived drivers. The top perceived barriers are poor economic development, which makes the implementation of large-scale sustainability difficult; a lack of technology and advanced technologies; and the absence of effective and integrated waste management and recycling systems. Considering the exploratory nature and design of this study, the results cannot be generalized. However, the results can help plan future research on a larger scale in developing economies. Furthermore, the findings can inform policymakers on how to better apply CE practices in rural tourism destinations. The topic of CE has been under-researched in connection with developed countries, and this study is the first to examine CE in rural tourism destinations in emerging countries. This underlines the specific drivers and barriers related to CE as a sustainable development practice. Additionally, it contributes to the academic debate on this notion.

BackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) can significantly affect cognitive well-being. Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) is regarded as one of the effective treatments for cognitive impairment in some mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit. For this reason, this systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the effectiveness of CRT in patients with AN.MethodsWe conducted a search of Medline, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from the inception of each database through April 8, 2023. Randomized clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of CRT in comparison to placebo or other psychological treatments in patients with AN were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. For meta-analysis, effect sizes were measured using mean difference (MD) utilizing the random-effects model and inverse variance (IV) technique. To evaluate the certainty of the evidence, we applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. The study was registered in PROSPERO, ID: CRD42023411784.ResultsIn the systematic review, six studies were included, of which four underwent meta-analysis. Among these, three trials encompassing 413 participants showed that CRT was associated with improved cognitive flexibility compared to control at the end of treatment (MD = -0.21, 95% CI [-0.44, 0.02], P=0.81, I2 = 0%). In two trials with 143 patients, those who received CRT showed similar effects on the severity of AN symptoms compared to the control group in the self-reporting questionnaires: EDE-Q (MD = -0.25, 95% CI [-0.76, 0.27], P=0.77, I2 = 0%) and EDEQOL (MD = -0.19, 95% CI [-0.41, 0.03], P=0.84, I2 = 0%).ConclusionCRT did not show a statistically significant difference compared to the control group in improving abstract thinking skills and quality of life in individuals with AN. That indicates that CRT’s efficacy remains inconclusive. Further research with larger, more diverse samples is needed to determine its long-term effects and potential benefits.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO, identifier CRD42023411784.

Geometrical forming basics for designing residential Islamic interior spaces are deemed one of the most important environmental functional parameters that is a field of study in many kinds of research, the environmental functional parameters help us to solve existing problems to attain human comfort inside the house. The Geometrical forming provides the designer with the tools that he can use to achieve the environmental functional target through design parameters to reach the psychological and physical balance for human comfort in the space depending on natural resources in the house design without any artificial resources. All the house elements and spaces are planned to serve the functional target like the courtyard (the center of design), it is designed from the outside to the inside of the house and oriented according to its location and its shape (square or rectangle) and dimensions (L, W, H) are designed to specific ratios, also windows overlooking the courtyard, backyard or the main street is designed to be protruded from the walls to serve the functional parameters, also the geometrical forming emerges in the design of the house elements like Mushrabiya, Shukshieka, Malqaf and arches that proportion is proportioned with the space ratio; from here the effect of geometrical forming in Islamic house design is revealed and reflects the designer creative level in the scope of unchanged environmental functional design parameters; So the study of the form and design of the house and its elements in the Islamic ages enable the architectural to comprehend the mechanism of dealing with the geometrical forming tools to adapt the space to serve the environmental functional parameters.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine both accruals and real earnings management in a large sample of private companies in the UK using data from 2002 to 2009 following the implementation of the UK Act of 2006. Design/methodology/approach – A panel data analysis using GMM has been adopted to examine the objectives of the study and answer the research questions. Findings – The results of this study showed that the imposition of the Companies Act of 2006, on its own, did lead to changes in earnings management behaviour, in both accruals-based earnings and real earnings management. Moreover, this study also found that firms that chose to provide IFRS financial statements tended to show less discretionary earnings management, however, it tended to have no impact on real earnings management. Practical implications – In accordance with the research findings, standard setters with some insight tend to determine how capital markets see the information provided under the legislation such as the UK Act of 2006 in developed countries and thereby ensure long-term sustainability in a modern and sophisticated financial world. This study provides an insight into the successful implementation of the UK act of 2006, and its influence on the aspect of financial reporting. Originality/value – The novel conclusion reached in the study is that there exists a strong and direct link between the smooth implementation of UK Act of 2006 and the practices of both accruals and real earnings management in real-world business and financial scenarios, particularly, in private companies.

Background. Root canals feature a high incidence of post-treatment flare-ups, characterized by pain, swelling, or discomfort following endodontic procedures, which remain a concern in dental practice. This study aims to evaluate the host-related factors behind the prevalence of post-endodontic flare-ups. Methodology. A retrospective study was conducted on the records of 93 patients who were treated endodontically between January 2017 and December 2021. Data extracted from records included age, medical conditions, diagnosis, and tooth type. SPSS 27.0 was used to analyze the data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify significant predictors while controlling for potential confounding factors. Results. The flare-up rate among patients who had received endodontic treatment was 31.2% in the study population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age and the presence of a vital pulp were significant predictors of flare-ups. Older patients exhibited an increased likelihood of experiencing flare-ups (p 0.05). Conclusion. The study provided insights into the frequency of post-endodontic flare-ups and the impact of host-related factors on their occurrence. Age and vital pulp were found to be important predictors, highlighting the significance of individualized treatment planning. These results highlight the possibility of improved patient outcomes through a thorough understanding of post-endodontic problems and contribute to evidence-based endodontic practice.

Conclusion: Gall bladder volvulus is an acute surgical emergency that is usually seen in the elderly population. It required a high index of suspicion especially in the absence of gallstones and must be differentiated from acalculous cholecystitis. Most cases are discovered at surgery. It must be managed with immediate detorsion and cholecystectomy, and the prognosis is excellent in most cases after an appropriate surgical intervention.

This paper establishes new blow-up criteria, in anisotropic Lorentz spaces, via one-directional derivatives of the velocity and magnetic fields for the Cauchy problem to the 3D magneto-micropolar model and via one-directional derivative of velocity for the Cauchy problem to the 3D nonlinear dissipative system.

Internet of things (IoT) devices are gaining traction around the globe. These devices are sometimes hijacked and turned into zombies or botnets. One risk posed by hijacked devices is a ping flood attack, also known as an internet control message protocol echo request flood. Current literature lacks a ping flood attack dataset generated from an IoT device. This paper contributes by developing an IoT network intrusion detection framework for ping flood attacks. This framework deploys an IoT testbed using embedded devices to emulate two datasets, normal ping traffic and malicious ping flood attack traffic. Features are extracted from the captured traffic using the Zeek tool. Attacks are detected using three machine learning algorithms: logistic regression, K-nearest neighbor, and support vector machine. These models are compared using evaluations such as the confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and misclassification (error rate). The models are validated using split validation and cross-fold validation. The time consumed in training and testing the models across various data levels is also analyzed, along with the time required for feature extraction. The discrepancies between capturing tools are discussed. The use of criteria based on the time difference between requests to detect malicious traffic is considered, as is the impact of machine learning models on memory usage. Our work is compared with similar research. The testbed concluded that the K-nearest neighbor algorithm achieved 99.67% detection accuracy, with an error rate of 0.33% and an F1-score of 99.67%, which is the best amongst the three algorithms.

Abstract Background Pediatric expiratory central airway collapse poses diagnostic challenge due to non-specific clinical presentation with further investigations needed for definite diagnosis. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of 320-row multidetector free-breathing cine CT in diagnosis of pediatric expiratory central airway collapse utilizing its advantageous wide z-axis coverage. End-inspiratory and end-expiratory measurement of cross-sectional area at certain points of airway was done to calculate the percentage of expiratory central airway collapse. Flexible bronchoscopy was done thereafter as a gold standard technique for comparison. Results Among the thirty-eight pediatric patients (20 males and 18 females) enrolled in this study, free-breathing cine CT correctly diagnosed expiratory central airway collapse in 32 patients with a sensitivity of 84.2%. However, a statistically significant difference was found between the results of bronchoscopy and free-breathing cine CT as regard the site, morphology and severity of airway collapse. Conclusions 320-row multidetector free-breathing cine CT is still considered an effective noninvasive imaging modality in diagnosis of expiratory central airway collapse in pediatric population, despite the differences in perceived morphology and severity when compared to flexible bronchoscopy.

Withania adpressa (Coss.) Batt. (W. adpressa) is a wild medicinal plant in the family Solanaceae, which is used as an alternative medicine. The present study aims to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, and antibacterial potentials of polyphenol-rich fraction from the leaves of W. adpressa. Polyphenol-rich fraction was characterized by use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant potency was determined by use of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. Antibacterial activity was assessed against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by use of disc diffusion and microdilution assays. Chromatographic analysis by HPLC showed four compounds in the polyphenol-rich fraction including 1-O-Caffeoyl glucose, Luteolin-7-diglucuronide, Apigenin-O-pentoside, and Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide. Polyphenol-rich fraction exhibited important antioxidant activity as assessed by DPPH and FRAP assays, with IC50 and EC50 values of 14.27 ± 0.43 and 39.48 ± 0.81 µg/mL, respectively, while butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Quercetin exhibited IC50 values of 28.92 ± 0.24 and 22.48 ± 0.54 µg/mL. Results of TAC showed that the polyphenol-rich fraction scored 781.74 ± 2.83 µg AAE/mg. Polyphenol-rich fraction showed an important antibacterial effect vs gram-positive and gram-negative strains recording inhibition zone diameters varying from 19.5 to 29.2 mm, while antibiotics were almost ineffective toward all strains except for E. coli. It can be concluded that W. adpressa polyphenol-rich fraction possesses promising phenols with strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties, which may help fight pathogenic bacteria and free radicals.

This work focuses on the 3D incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with mixed pressure-velocity-magnetic field in view of Lorentz spaces. Our main result shows the weak solution is regular, provided that π e−|x| 2 + |u| + |b| θ ∈ L p (0, T; L q,∞), where 2 p + 3 q = 2 − θ and 0 ≤ θ ≤ 1.

This paper demonstrates the construction designing analysis and control strategies for fully tracking concentrated solar thermal by using programmable logic control in the city of Erbil-Iraq. This work used the parabolic dish as a concentrated solar thermal. At the focal point, the collected form of energy is used for heating a (water) in the receiver, analyzing this prototype in real-time with two different shapes of the receiver and comparing the results. For tracking the parabolic dish, four light-dependent resistors are used to detect the sun's position in the sky so that the tracking system follows it to make the beam radiation perpendicular to the collector surface all of the time during the day for maximum solar power energy. This work discusses the essential stages of a two-axis prototype; implementation, solar-location strategy, the analysis in terms of theory, structural design, and material. For two-axis-prototype is implemented with the help of programmable logic control -Siemens (S7-1200) as a control unit. This study results show that a parabolic dish tracker with a cylindrical conical receiver obtains 15.25% Improved efficiency in comparison to the cylindrical receiver. According to the testing results of the prototype design, both shapes of the receiver are convenient for steam production.

BACKGROUND: Cataract is a major complication of uveitis in children that requires timely management to restore good vision and prevent amblyopia. In surgical management of uveitic pediatric cataracts, published literature has shown a variety of clinical factors affecting the final visual outcome. The aim of this study is to investigate and report the clinical outcomes of cataract surgery and contributing factors impacting such outcomes in children with uveitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective case series of all pediatric patients (

Background: In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the labor market is thriving, employing a large workforce in occupations that carry a high risk for traumatic injuries such as construction, transportation, and manufacturing. These jobs usually involve physical exertion, power tools, high-voltage electricity, working at heights, and exposure to bad weather conditions that could potentially lead to injury. This study aimed to determine patterns of traumatic occupational injuries in Riyadh, KSA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Khalid Hospital and Prince Sultan Centre for Healthcare, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, and the Al-Kharj Military Industries Corporation Hospital in Al-Kharj City in the KSA between July 2021 and 2022. Descriptive analysis elucidated the type, severity, and patterns of management of non-fatal traumatic occupational injuries. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve and Weibull model for length of hospital stay adjusted for age, gender, nationality, cause for injury, and injury severity scale (ISS) scores were constructed. Results: A total of 73 patients with a mean age of 33.8 ± 14.1 years were included in the study. The most common cause of occupational injury was falling from height (87.7%). The median length of hospital stay was 6 days (IQR: 4 − 7), with no mortalities. In the adjusted survival model, compared to migrants, Saudi nationals had a 45% lower median hospital stay (−62 to − 21), P < 0.01, and every 1-point increase in ISS was associated with a 5% increase in median length of hospital stay (CI: 3 − 7, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Being a Saudi national and having lower ISS scores were associated with shorter durations of hospital stay. Our findings indicate the need for improved occupational safety measures, especially among migrant, foreign-born, and ethnic minority workers.

Abstract Background The first line of treatment of Cushing’s disease (CD) is surgery. However, surgical resection is not amenable in all cases and the role of radiosurgical management of residual tumors or upfront treatment has been reported. Our study highlights the effectiveness and safety of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for the treatment of Cushing’s disease. Methods This was an ambidirectional descriptive cohort study on 16 consecutive patients with a confirmed Cushing’s disease that underwent Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKR) before July 2014 and assessed for outcome during the study period between January 2014 and June 2016 (30 Months). We included patients with a minimum of two years follow up. The main outcomes were biochemical remission and tumor volume control. Secondary outcomes were visual field changes and morbidity. Results Sixteen cases with CD were included into the study. The Mean age ± SD was 34.81 ± 10.10 years. The male to female sex ratio was 1:3. Six cases (37.5%) were de novo. Normalization of hypersecretion at 2 years was achieved in 13 cases (81.3%).The median hormone normalization time was 23 months. Tumor volume control was achieved in all the cases, whereas tumor shrinkage was achieved in (10 cases) 62.5%. The median shrinkage time was 13 months. Of the 12 eyes with pre-Gamma Knife visual affection, 8 (75%) normalized, 4 (25%) improved, and none deteriorated. No patient developed new hypopituitarism after GK radiosurgery. One case developed diplopia at 24 months follow up from abducens palsy. No mortality occurred in our series. Conclusion Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery is an effective and safe treatment option for Cushing’s disease. It can be used as a complementary therapeutic procedure to classic surgery or as a first line treatment in selected number of patients.

Background: Breast cancer represents a considerable health burden and is a leading cause of mortality among women. Despite the availability of screening methods, many women remain unaware of their importance, leading to delayed diagnoses and poorer outcomes. Increased awareness of breast cancer symptoms and screening modalities may improve early detection and ultimately reduce breast cancer mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the level of awareness, practices, and attitudes regarding breast cancer and its screening methods in the general population, males and females, in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire to collect data on personal information, medical and family history of breast cancer, participation in breast cancer awareness programs, knowledge of breast cancer and screening methods, and attitudes and practices related to breast cancer and breast self-examination. The questionnaire was distributed via social media platforms. Results: A total of 714 individuals completed the study questionnaire. The age range of the participants was 18 to 70 years, with a mean age of 29.9 ± 11.5 years. Among the participants, 60.1% were female. The most commonly reported risk factors for breast cancer were female sex (38.8%), smoking (35.8%), obesity (25.6%), consumption of fat-rich foods (23.9%), and alcohol intake (23.6%). The most widely recognized warning signs of breast cancer among participants were the presence of a hard, painless lump or nodule in the breast or armpit (79.7%), breast swelling (62%), and discharge from the breast (59.5%). Among female study participants in Saudi Arabia, 36.4% reported practicing breast self-examination (BSE). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study revealed that the participants demonstrated a low level of knowledge and awareness regarding breast cancer and its associated screening methods, particularly mammography. Furthermore, the practice of breast self-examination, which is especially important for women under 40 years of age, was below average, with only one out of every three female participants performing it. Educational programs and health campaigns are essential to increase awareness about breast cancer and the importance of early detection to improve the rates of mortality and morbidity.

Although ovine cysticercosis is not a zoonotic problem, it results in substantial economic losses due to the condemnation of infected tissues or entire carcasses. This study aimed to record preliminary data on the prevalence, and phylogenetic diversity of Cysticercus ovis isolates from slaughtered sheep in the province of Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.

Background: The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) has emerged as a promising tool in sustainable waste management, owing to its larvae's ability to efficiently convert organic waste into valuable biomass. Objective: This study investigates the impact of various substrate compositions on the growth, waste reduction efficiency, and bioconversion rate of black soldier fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens). The aim is to optimize feeding strategies to enhance the effectiveness of BSF larvae in sustainable waste management and protein production. Methods: A controlled experiment was conducted over a 20-day period, using four different substrate types: 100% sludge, 75% sludge + 25% chicken feed, 25% sludge + 75% chicken feed, and 100% chicken feed. Each treatment had three replicates with 100 larvae each. Larval growth metrics, including weight and width, were recorded bi-daily. The waste reduction efficiency and bioconversion rate were calculated based on the remaining substrate weight and larval biomass, respectively. Elemental analysis was performed to determine the impact of substrate type on the accumulation of various elements in the larvae. Results: Significant differences were observed in larval growth, waste reduction efficiency, and bioconversion rates across the different substrates. The 100% chicken feed substrate led to the highest larval growth (M = 0.0881 g/day, SD = 0.0042) and bioconversion rate (M = 7.52%, SD = 0.34), while the 100% sludge substrate achieved the highest waste reduction rate (M = 86.2%, SD = 2.15). ANOVA tests indicated that substrate composition significantly affected these outcomes (p < 0.05). Elemental analysis showed substantial variations in the concentrations of calcium, cadmium, and nickel among the substrates, with the 100% sludge substrate having the highest nickel accumulation (M = 0.2763 ppm, SD = 0.023), significantly different from the other treatments (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that substrate composition is crucial for optimizing BSF larvae growth and waste reduction efficiency. Nutrient-rich substrates, such as chicken feed, significantly enhance bioconversion rates and larval biomass production, although careful consideration of elemental accumulation, especially heavy metals, is essential for safe application in animal feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) can significantly affect cognitive well-being. Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) is regarded as one of the effective treatments for cognitive impairment in some mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit. For this reason, this systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the effectiveness of CRT in patients with AN. Methods: We conducted a search of Medline, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from the inception of each database through April 8, 2023. Randomized clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of CRT in comparison to placebo or other psychological treatments in patients with AN were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. For meta-analysis, effect sizes were measured using mean difference (MD) utilizing the random-effects model and inverse variance (IV) technique. To evaluate the certainty of the evidence, we applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. The study was registered in PROSPERO, ID: CRD42023411784. Results: In the systematic review, six studies were included, of which four underwent meta-analysis. Among these, three trials encompassing 413 participants showed that CRT was associated with improved cognitive flexibility compared to control at the end of treatment (MD = -0.21, 95% CI [-0.44, 0.02], P=0.81, I2 = 0%). In two trials with 143 patients, those who received CRT showed similar effects on the severity of AN symptoms compared to the control group in the self-reporting questionnaires: EDE-Q (MD = -0.25, 95% CI [-0.76, 0.27], P=0.77, I2 = 0%) and EDEQOL (MD = -0.19, 95% CI [-0.41, 0.03], P=0.84, I2 = 0%). Conclusion: CRT did not show a statistically significant difference compared to the control group in improving abstract thinking skills and quality of life in individuals with AN. That indicates that CRT's efficacy remains inconclusive. Further research with larger, more diverse samples is needed to determine its long-term effects and potential benefits. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023411784. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The primary aim of this research was to comprehend SOC's role in psychological responses to the epidemic. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional research was conducted among residents of the Riyadh Region. The survey was conducted online in June 2020 via Google Forms. The current study examined the data from 873 people who completed the Directed Questions Scale (mean age: 45.1 8.3 years; 376 males; 497 females). Well-being was assessed using the WHO-5 scale, developed by Bech and colleagues, while the Antonov sky scale was used to measure the sense of coherence. Data was measured using SPSS Statistics. Mean, ANOVA and regression analysis were used to characterize the data. Results: Knowing infected persons (p = 0.163) and having plans fall through (p = 0.246) had no discernible impact on well-being. The interaction was considerably impacted by financial constraints (p = 0.004). Participants with lower levels of SOC did not experience a decline in well-being as a result of their financial condition (p = 0.178), whereas participants with moderate and higher levels of SOC did (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The findings determined that SOC does not in this way lessen the effects of stressors on well-being; therefore, it rejects the first hypothesis. Conclusion: The present study suggests that SOC is more a predictor of people's mental health than a protective factor. Our results highlight the value of giving participants the resources they require to feel in control, relatable, and significant during large events like the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a significant global health concern and ranks among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to its malignant nature, current immunotherapeutic treatments are used to tackle this issue. However, not all patients respond positively to treatment, thereby limiting clinical effectiveness and requiring the identification of novel therapeutic targets to optimise current strategies. The putative ligand of Siglec-15, Sialyl-Tn (STn), is associated with tumour progression and is synthesised by the sialyltransferases ST6GALNAC1 and ST6GALNAC2. However, the deregulation of both sialyltransferases within the literature remain limited, and the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in STn production require further elucidation. Here, we identified miRNAs involved in the regulation of ST6GALNAC1 via a computational approach and further analysis of miRNA binding sites were determined. In silico tools predicted miR-21, miR-30e and miR-26b to regulate the ST6GALNAC1 gene, all of which had shown significant upregulated expression in the tumour cohort. Moreover, each miRNA displayed a high binding affinity towards the seed region of ST6GALNAC1. Additionally, enrichment analysis outlined pathways associated with several cancer hallmarks, including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and MYC targets associated with tumour progression. Furthermore, our in silico findings demonstrated that the ST6GALNAC1 expression profile was significantly downregulated in CRC tumours, and its low expression correlated with poor survival outcomes when compared with patient survival data. In comparison to its counterpart, there were no significant differences in the expression of ST6GALNAC2 between normal and malignant tissues, which was further evidenced in our immunohistochemistry analysis. Immunohistochemistry staining highlighted significantly higher expression was more prevalent in normal human tissues with regard to ST6GALNAC1. In conclusion, the integrated in silico analysis highlighted that STn production is not reliant on deregulated sialyltransferase expression in CRC, and ST6GALNAC1 expression is regulated by several oncomirs. We proposed the involvement of other sialyltransferases in the production of the STn antigen and CRC progression via the Siglec-15/Sia axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alabaster stone (alabaster) or calcite, which is the geological name of transparent alabaster, as it is formed from crystallized calcium carbonate, and it is white, or white color tilted to yellow and the thin sectors are transparent, some things with veins often somewhat similar to wood veins, and It is clear that the alabaster stone was one of the favorite and preferred stones of the ancient Egyptians, due to the beauty of its appearance after refinement, and above use in building and architecture, it was used for other purposes in the pre-dynastic era and until the late Pharaonic era, as it did The researcher presented, explained, and described some of the traditional artifacts of The ancient Saria that is based on Alabaster stone (Alabaster), so the research aims at an analytical study of the traditional artifacts based on Alabar Stone (Alabaster) in ancient Egyptian art through the definition of artistic features and the identification of functional and ideological purposes, and from this the importance of research lies In dealing with an aspect of the ancient Egyptian heritage, which is the traditional artifacts based on alabaster stone in ancient Egyptian art, a definition of its customs, traditions and beliefs, And it resulted from the study that the popular arts and crafts in general, and the Egyptian alabaster crafts in particular, are characterized by the uniqueness and specificity imposed by the natural environment, as well as the artistic richness in its public body as well as the methods of its manufacture. The researcher also recommends attention and encouragement for studies dealing with ancient Egyptian arts and crafts in order to preserve and record the heritage in various forms and to monitor the variables affecting it.

Background and Aims: Regional anesthesia gained popularity over the last three decades due to the technical advances across subdisciplines, better understanding of the physiology, the advances in the field of anesthetic drugs, and the better approach in training for such techniques. The technique is currently used in many anatomical levels and most surgical procedures can be performed using the combined spinal epidural type. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the combined spinal-epidural anesthesia in patients with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases who underwent open cholecystectomy. Patients and methods: This prospective cross sectional study which was done on patients undergoing elective open cholecystectomy (n=119) for whom the general anesthesia was contraindicated due to major cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, under lumber combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. Results: The mean age of our patients was 64.33(SD: 12.085) years; females constituted 73 of them (61.3%) and males 46 (38.7%). Most patients (73) were complaining from the cardiovascular diseases (61.34%). In most patients the onset of the action of the anesthesia was between 10-12 minutes. In 55 patients (46.2%) no extra-drugs were required, and in the rest of patients intravenous mediations were given to relieve anxiety, pain, or both. In 81 patients (68.1%) no intraoperative complications were reported, the most common intraoperative complication was hypotension in 31 patients (26.1%), post-operatively no complications were reported in 86 patients (72%), and hypotension was reported in 12 patients (10.1%), nausea & vomiting in 11 patients (9.2%). The surgeon’s satisfaction was excellent in 73.11% of the surgeries, as was good in 23.53%. Most patients gained the lower limb movement within 2 hours. There was a significant correlation between the need for extra drugs and both comorbid diseases and the development of intraoperative complications (P values 0.022 & 0.000) respectively and no significant correlations with other parameters such as the gender, postoperative complications and the surgeon’s satisfaction (P values 0.707, 0.522, and 0.056) respectively. Conclusion: The technique of the combined spinal epidural anesthesia is safe and very effective when used for American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) patient classification class III and IV patients who need open cholecystectomy. This technique should be used by expert anesthetists who are well trained and gained skill in this technique, and it may be used in fields other than surgery such as trauma victims and for cancer patients.

Aim: The aim of this study was to know self-medication practices among the population of Riyadh region for oral health issues. Methodology: A questionnaire consisting of demographic self-practice of medication for oral health problems and knowledge about self-medication practices was sent through Google forms and it was in Arabic and English languages. The link of the questionnaire was sent through social and requested to send the link to their friends and relatives. Results: About 50.4% of study participants were having self-practice of medication for oral health problems. Self-practice of medication for oral health issues was statistically significant according to age gender and education (P < 0.05). Toothache (62.4%) is the main problem triggering self-medication and lack of time (44.6%) is the main reason for self-medication. Pain killer (68.8%) was the main medication and antibiotics were used by 2.2% of subjects. Conclusion: Self-medication practice is prevalent in the world and hence, education regarding its consequences and adverse effects for the general public is mandatory.

BACKGROUND: Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) are used as a bridge to surgery for colon cancer patients as an alternative to emergency surgery. Currently, there is a paucity of literature from Saudi Arabia on the preoperative usage of SEMS. OBJECTIVE: Determine whether SEMS are associated with a higher rate of complications. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study SETTINGS: Tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In patients diagnosed with obstructing colon cancer, up-front surgical resection was compared with insertion of SEMS followed by surgical resection between the years 2009 and 2013. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rate of stent-related short-term complications. Secondary endpoint, postoperative complications. SAMPLE SIZE: 65. RESULTS: Twenty-four (36.9%) patients underwent SEMS placement; 41 (63.1%) underwent primary surgery. The median (interquartile range) hospital stay was significantly higher among the SEMS group (13 [8.5] days versus 7 [3] days in the primary surgery group, P

BackgroundCOVID-19 survivor's population is often associated with a long term impact on mental and psychological health. Recent included studies have also stated affliction of mental health due to fear of virus and preventive policies among the college students.ObjectivesThe research was conducted to find the psychological and mental impacts of SARS-CoV-2 affliction among the students' survivors in the university.MethodsThe study design of the experiment was cross-sectional, sampling technique was non probability and sampling method being applied was convenience sampling. IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 was used for analyses. Descriptive data was examined and results were showed as mean and standard deviations, percentages, frequencies for continuous variables of IES-R scale (Intrusion, Avoidance, and Hyperarousal) using the total sample of n = 34.ResultsOut of 34 only 24 student survivors responded to the online survey post COVID-19 recovery, with an overall participation level of 71%. Grading was given for the total IES-R score which was subdivided into a predefined range. Out of 24 participants, 9 (38%) participants showed the symptoms of mild (n = 2)–severe (n = 7) psychological impacts. On correlation of factors total IES-R score and taste and sense of smell were moderately correlated. The ordinal regression for complete loss of sense of taste and smell was also significant.ConclusionThe results from IES-R evaluation clearly outlines the presence of psychological sequels post recovery of COVID-19 episodes among the young college survivors. Complete loss of sense of smell and taste may be an indicator of psychological sequelae as compared to reduce sense of smell.

Introduction: There are different ways for Tobacco consumption among smokers. The main three ways for smoking are Cigarettes, Cigar and Narghile (the waterpipie). Narghile smoking has become a very popular habit among youth in different countries around the world. Results: There is higher frequency of micronuclei formation in cigarettes and Narghile smokers compared to control group (7.1 ​± ​0.9, 11.2 ​± ​0.4, and 2.2 ​± ​0.7 respectively). The mean frequency of the DNA fading (Karyolysis) in Narghile smokers was 29-fold higher than non-smokers. The mean frequencies of Karyorhexis buccal cells in Narghile smokers were 1.9-fold higher than non-smokers. The mean of Pyknosis formation was 19-fold greater than non-smokers. More migrated DNA tails were found Narghile smokers compared to controls. The mean of DNA damage measured by ACA was significantly greater (p ​