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4. Safety and Efficacy of a Composite Lipid Emulsion with Fish Oil in Hospitalized Neonates and Infants Requiring Prolonged Parenteral Nutrition - A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Controlled Trial

Author

Abrams, Steven A, Ernst, Kimberly D, Weitkamp, Joern-Hendrik, Mascarenhas, Maria, Anderson-Berry, Ann, Rudolph, Jeffrey, Ling, Con Y, Robinson, Daniel T, Shores, Darla, Hair, Amy B, Lai, Joanne, Lane, Brian, McCallie, Katherine R, Levit, Orly, and Kim, Jae H

Published
2024
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7. Characterising information gains and losses when collecting multiple epidemic model outputs

Author

Sherratt, Katharine, Srivastava, Ajitesh, Ainslie, Kylie, Singh, David E., Cublier, Aymar, Marinescu, Maria Cristina, Carretero, Jesus, Garcia, Alberto Cascajo, Franco, Nicolas, Willem, Lander, Abrams, Steven, Faes, Christel, Beutels, Philippe, Hens, Niel, Müller, Sebastian, Charlton, Billy, Ewert, Ricardo, Paltra, Sydney, Rakow, Christian, Rehmann, Jakob, Conrad, Tim, Schütte, Christof, Nagel, Kai, Abbott, Sam, Grah, Rok, Niehus, Rene, Prasse, Bastian, Sandmann, Frank, and Funk, Sebastian

Published
2024
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30. Prenatal Weight Change Trajectories and Perinatal Outcomes among Twin Gestations.

Author

Nichols, Amy R., Haeri, Sina, Rudine, Anthony, Burns, Natalie, Rathouz, Paul J., Hedderson, Monique M., Abrams, Steven A., Foster, Saralyn F., Rickman, Rachel, McDonnold, Mollie, and Widen, Elizabeth M.

Subjects
MATERNAL health services, WEIGHT gain in pregnancy, LEANNESS, BODY mass index, RESEARCH funding, MULTIPLE pregnancy, BODY weight, PREGNANCY outcomes, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, LONGITUDINAL method, ODDS ratio, GESTATIONAL age, FIRST trimester of pregnancy, CONFIDENCE intervals, REGRESSION analysis, OBESITY
Abstract

Objective Despite an increase in twin pregnancies in recent decades, the Institute of Medicine twin weight gain recommendations remain provisional and provide no guidance for the pattern or timing of weight change. We sought to characterize gestational weight change trajectory patterns and examine associations with birth outcomes in a cohort of twin pregnancies. Study Design Prenatal and delivery records were examined for 320 twin pregnancies from a maternal–fetal medicine practice in Austin, TX 2011-2019. Prenatal weights for those with >1 measured weight in the first trimester and ≥3 prenatal weights were included in analyses. Trajectories were estimated to 32 weeks (mean delivery: 33.7 ± 3.3 weeks) using flexible latent class mixed models with low-rank thin-plate splines. Associations between trajectory classes and infant outcomes were analyzed using multivariable Poisson or linear regression. Results Weight change from prepregnancy to delivery was 15.4 ± 6.3 kg for people with an underweight body mass index, 15.4 ± 5.8 kg for healthy weight, 14.7 ± 6.9 kg for overweight, and 12.5 ± 6.4 kg for obesity. Three trajectory classes were identified: low (Class 1), moderate (Class 2), or high gain (Class 3). Class 1 (24.7%) maintained weight for 15 weeks and then gained an estimated 6.6 kg at 32 weeks. Class 2 (60.9%) exhibited steady gain with 13.5 kg predicted total gain, and Class 3 (14.4%) showed rapid gain across pregnancy with 21.3 kg predicted gain. Compared to Class 1, Class 3 was associated with higher birth weight z -score (β = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31,0.96), increased risk for large for gestational age (IRR = 5.60, 95% CI: 1.59, 19.67), and birth <32 weeks (IRR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.10, 5.4) that was attenuated in sensitivity analyses. Class 2 was associated with moderately elevated birth weight z -score (β = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.48, p = 0.050). Conclusion Gestational weight change followed a low, moderate, or high trajectory; both moderate and high gain patterns were associated with increased infant size outcomes. Optimal patterns of weight change that balance risk during the prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal periods require further investigation, particularly in high-risk twin pregnancies. Key Points A majority gained weight below IOM twin recommendations. Three patterns of GWC across pregnancy were identified. Moderate or high GWC was associated with infant size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. The Impact of Vitamin D and L-Cysteine Co-Supplementation on Upregulating Glutathione and Vitamin D-Metabolizing Genes and in the Treatment of Circulating 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Deficiency.

Author

Jain, Sushil K., Margret, Jeffrey Justin, Abrams, Steven A., Levine, Steven N., and Bhusal, Kamal

Abstract

Vitamin D receptors are expressed in many organs and tissues, which suggests that vitamin D (VD) affects physiological functions beyond its role in maintaining bone health. Deficiency or inadequacy of 25(OH)VD is widespread globally. Population studies demonstrate that a positive association exists between a high incidence of VD deficiency and a high incidence of chronic diseases, including dementia, diabetes, and heart disease. However, many subjects have difficulty achieving the required circulating levels of 25(OH)VD even after high-dose VD supplementation, and randomized controlled clinical trials have reported limited therapeutic success post-VD supplementation. Thus, there is a discordance between the benefits of VD supplementation and the prevention of chronic diseases in those with VD deficiency. Why this dissociation exists is currently under debate and is of significant public interest. This review discusses the downregulation of VD-metabolizing genes needed to convert consumed VD into 25(OH)VD to enable its metabolic action exhibited by subjects with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and other chronic diseases. Research findings indicate a positive correlation between the levels of 25(OH)VD and glutathione (GSH) in both healthy and diabetic individuals. Cell culture and animal experiments reveal a novel mechanism through which the status of GSH can positively impact the expression of VD metabolism genes. This review highlights that for better success, VD deficiency needs to be corrected at multiple levels: (i) VD supplements and/or VD-rich foods need to be consumed to provide adequate VD, and (ii) the body needs to be able to upregulate VD-metabolizing genes to convert VD into 25(OH)VD and then to 1,25(OH)2VD to enhance its metabolic action. This review outlines the association between 25(OH)VD deficiency/inadequacy and decreased GSH levels, highlighting the positive impact of combined VD+LC supplementation on upregulating GSH, VD-metabolizing genes, and VDR. These effects have the potential to enhance 25(OH)VD levels and its therapeutic efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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32. Infectious diseases epidemiology, quantitative methodology, and clinical research in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspective from a European country

Author

Molenberghs, Geert, Buyse, Marc, Abrams, Steven, Hens, Niel, Beutels, Philippe, Faes, Christel, Verbeke, Geert, Van Damme, Pierre, Goossens, Herman, Neyens, Thomas, Herzog, Sereina, Theeten, Heidi, Pepermans, Koen, Abad, Ariel Alonso, Van Keilegom, Ingrid, Speybroeck, Niko, Legrand, Catherine, De Buyser, Stefanie, and Hulstaert, Frank

Published
2020
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47. Bernstein-based estimation of the cross ratio function.

Author

Abrams, Steven, Sercik, Ömer, and Veraverbeke, Noël

Subjects
*BERNSTEIN polynomials, *HAZARD function (Statistics), *RANDOM variables, *COPULA functions, *CROSSES
Abstract

Local association measures provide useful insights in time-varying changes in association, especially between time-to-event variables. Such local dependence between two correlated random variables can be measured using the cross ratio function. The cross ratio function is defined as the ratio of conditional hazard functions which have been estimated using Bernstein polynomials before. Alternatively, the cross ratio function can be expressed in terms of (derivatives of) the joint survival function of the two random variables. In this paper, we discuss an alternative Bernstein-based plug-in estimator of the cross ratio function in which each of the ingredients is estimated separately. Next to asymptotic normality of the nonparametric estimator, a simulation study is used to assess its finite-sample performance. Finally, the novel estimator is applied to a real-life data application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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48. Use of Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)-Containing Food Products in Children.

Author

Abrams, Steven A., Albin, Jaclyn Lewis, and Landrigan, Philip J.

Subjects
*EDUCATION of parents, *GLYPHOSATE, *FOOD habits, *CARCINOGENS, *PROFESSIONS, *FOOD labeling, *AGRICULTURE, *DIET, *TRANSGENIC organisms, *GENETICALLY modified foods, *HERBICIDES, *CHILDREN
Abstract

Families increasingly raise questions about the use of genetically modified organism (GMO)-containing food products. These products are widely found in the US food supply but originate from a narrow list of crops. Although GMO technology could be used to increase the micronutrient content of foods, this does not occur in the United States; instead, GMO technology has been used to make crops resistant to chemical herbicides. As a result, herbicide use has increased exponentially. The World Health Organization's International Agency on Research for Cancer has determined that glyphosate, an herbicide widely used in producing GMO food crops, is a probable human carcinogen. Measurable quantities of glyphosate are detected in some GMO foods. Families who wish to minimize GMO food products can do so by focusing on a dietary pattern of primarily whole, plant-based foods while minimizing ultra-processed foods. Pediatricians play a vital role in their efforts to minimize fear-based messaging and support families through shared decision-making. Pediatrician awareness of GMO labeling can guide individualized conversations, particularly that non-GMO labeling does not indicate organic status and that increased cost of some non-GMO foods, especially if also organic, may limit this choice for many families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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