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Introduction: Cancer patients receive radiation therapy (RT) as part of their treatment as monotherapy or as part of a combination treatment. Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation such as photons and strong ions. Nanoparticles (NPs) are used for magnetic hyperthermia, which increases the efficacy of RT and generates heat to kill cancer cells by destroying their DNA. Material and Methods: Nanoparticles were prepared using the co-precipitation method and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffractometer. Fifty-six male mice were housed under similar environmental conditions. The animals were injected into the right flank with 0.25 mL of 106 cells/mL Ehrlich tumor suspension. When tumors reached 5-10 mm in diameter, the mice were randomly divided into eight groups as follows: 1st group: used as the control group injected with 25 μL of phosphate buffer saline without treatment, 2nd group: injected with Fe3O4-NPs, 3rd group: injected with Fe2O3-NPs, 4th group: injected with methotrexate (MTX), 5th group: injected with MTX, Fe3O4, and Fe2O3-NPs, 6th group: as the 5th group with microwave hyperthermia, 7th group: as the 5th group then treated with high-energy photons, and 8th group: as the 5th group and exposed to electron beam therapy. Tumor volume and weight were measured after 15 days. Tumor apoptosis was studied using histopathology, and the tumor's side effects on the biological systems were investigated. Results: The results indicated that magnetic hyperthermia with microwave and linear accelerator treatment coupled with drugs was suitable for cancer treatment. A significant decrease in tumor size, tumor necrosis, and fibrosis was observed. Conclusion: It was found that Fe3O4 and Fe2O3-NPs coupled with MTX and exposure to photon and electron beam therapy and microwave radiation are the best methods for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanotubes represent one of the best examples of novel nanostructures, exhibit a range of extraordinary physical properties, strong antimicrobial activity and can pierce bacterial cell walls. This investigation handles the antimicrobial activity of functionalised multiwall carbon nanotubes (F‐MWNTs) as an alternative antimicrobial material compared to the commercial antibiotics. Antibacterial activities of F‐MWNTs are investigated through two different kinds of bacteria, E. coli and S. aureus. The results demonstrate that the best concentration of F‐MWNTs for the maximum inhibition and antibacterial functionality is 80 and 60 μg/ml for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The transmission electron microscope reveals the morphological changes damage mechanism for the cellular reliability on these microorganisms. F‐MWNTs are capable of biologically isolating the cell from their microenvironment, contributing to the development of toxic substances and placing the cell under oxidative stress leading to cellular death. The efficiency of F‐MWNTs is compared with the common antibiotics and shows an enhancement in the inhibitory effect with percentages reaches 85%. To account for the bactericidal performance of F‐MWNTs towards these pathogens, the dielectric conductivity and the bacterial growth measurements are conducted. The present study endeavour that F‐MWNTs could be exploited in biomedical devices and altering systems for hospital and industrial cleaning applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study fifty male albino rats were equally divided into three groups namely A, B and C, group A used as control group, groups B and C were divided into two subgroups namely B1, B2 and C1, C2 respectively. B1 & C1 were exposed to 50Hz, 3KV/m electric field (EF) for the periods of 15, 30 days respectively; B2 &C2 were housed at normal environmental conditions for the periods of 15, 30 days respectively. Fresh samples of kidney and blood were collected for experimental investigations. The dielectric constant (?) and electrical conductivity (s) were measured to investigate any changes in kidney structure. Kidney function was studied through analysis of urea & creatinine after exposure to EF. The results show high significant changes in the value of and s of kidney for all groups as compared with control. EF can induce significant increase in the levels of kidney profile creatinine & urea, these variations were recovered during two weeks after stopping exposure but they did not return to its original control values. Kidney histological section showed abnormal configuration of renal tubules, congested blood vessel and degenerated renal tubules, necrosis, glomerular shrinkage, and increase in space between glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]