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This study examined Black women's quotes in seven major U.S. newspapers during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Lexis Uni and a university news database were used to locate articles from March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021. The study sought to determine what topics Black women's quotes most focused on and what their quotes revealed about their pandemic experiences. In total, 300 quotes from Black women about the pandemic in 119 articles were identified. Media Framing theory and Black Feminist theory were used to analyze the quotes. The first round of analysis using Media Framing revealed that health and justice topics were the most prevalent in the women's quotes. Additionally, the frames of morality, attribution, and Strong Black Woman were most frequently used. Expert women were the most common sources. The secondary analysis using Black Feminist Theory revealed that, in the pandemic's first year, Black women's experiences included: identifying interlocking systems of oppression, resisting interlocking systems of oppression through self-definition, self-valuation, and activism, and struggling with Black womanhood and motherhood. This analysis reveals that while the media is a gatekeeper, Black women can use the media to increase awareness of their experiences and advocate against disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When products were marketed as "Canadian" in the early American press, it meant more than simply "Made in Canada." The author argues that "Canadian" served as a brand in early American advertising to denote the robust and hardy qualities of the product. Like Canada and its inhabitants, both of which were portrayed as rugged and raw, products labelled "Canadian" were marketed as similarly sturdy and tough, even if those products had not actually originated in Canada. As far as early American advertisers were concerned, "Canadian" products were unique, and it was beneficial to advertise that fact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducts a corpus-assisted discourse study of framing responsibilities for climate change in China Daily (CD) and The New York Times (NYT). Based on the distinction between causal and treatment responsibilities, it focuses on the framing of human and non-human causal responsibilities as well as developed and developing countries' causal and treatment responsibilities for climate change in the two newspapers. The findings suggest that CD tends to show consensus on the human causes of climate change while NYT is inclined to problematize human causes for climate change. While both newspapers favor treatment over causal responsibilities, CD prefers to underline developed countries' historical causal responsibilities for climate change and urges developed countries to take more treatment responsibilities for climate change, whereas NYT prefers to underscore developing countries' current causal responsibilities for climate change and their shared treatment responsibilities for climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ever since the terrorists" attacks of September 11, 2001, the role of Pakistan has been questionable. Pakistani nationals have been profiled and associated to terrorism acts. This paper aims to explore the post-9/11 media coverage of Pakistan's reputation through a comparative analysis of newspapers from Pakistan and America spanning the years 2001-2015. Researcher has employed a mixed-method (qualitative and quantitative) content analysis approach, the findings were analysed using thematic analysis and statistical analysis. The qualitative content analysis tends to uncover the fundamental stories and themes exist in the news stories, though the quantitative content analysis emphases on methodically measuring and examining communication systems within the newspapers. By exploring content of the prominent newspapers such as 'The Washington Post', 'New York Times', 'Dawn', and 'The News', these papers provided insights into how Pakistan's individuality has been represented in media discourse, especially in the repercussion of 9/11 attacks. The study recommended that both international and national media must carefully measure the influence of coverage to evade negatively representing individuals, societies, or groups, that might tarnish their reputes globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The appropriate employment of language by politicians can settle many of the current global problems and crises. Iran's nuclear deal with all its complexities and subtleties is one of the most contentious global issues that demands a lot of tact and prudence on the part of the politicians to be resolved. Politicians could draw upon different politeness strategies to employ appropriate speech, save the face of others, gain their trust, and resolve problems. Considering the significance of this issue, this corpus based descriptive research investigated the politeness strategies employed in the editorials of Iranian and American newspapers. Fifty news articles from the Tehran Times and New York Times published from May 2019 to June 2022 were investigated according to Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness strategies. These news articles were relevant to Iran's nuclear deal. The findings indicated that the most frequent politeness strategy in the Tehran Times news was the positive politeness strategy and the most frequent politeness strategy in the New York Times news was the negative politeness strategy. Finally, the results of the chi-square test revealed that there is a significant difference in the frequency of politeness strategies use in both newspaper articles. The findings highlight the sociocultural dependency of the politeness concept and imply that cultural differences affect preference for the choice of types of politeness strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The end of the U.S.'s 20-year-old war in Afghanistan was followed by the mass evacuation and resettlement of Afghan allies. Reputed polls showed strong bipartisan support for resettlement on U.S. soil. Given the different reception of Afghans in U.S. public discourse (as opposed to other categories of forced migrants), the study examines visual coverage of evacuees in two major U.S. newspapers of record: the New York Times and the Washington Post. The main purposes of the study are to: (1) understand how relationships of power between the U.S. and Afghanistan are manifested in media coverage, and (2) study how visual themes are related to the pervasive "moral obligation" discourse regarding Afghan evacuees. The paper conducts a semiotic analysis of visuals of Afghan evacuees through themes derived from the literature review and the broader discourse surrounding the Afghan evacuation. Results indicate the wide influence of moral obligation in these themes. The study also suggests steps that can be producers to improve representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A short commentary by the poet Arthur Hugh Clough on the gossip surrounding the breakdown of the Dickens marriage in a letter to an American friend in June 1858 provides a glimpse of how it appeared to one literary Londoner not having a close personal acquaintance with the family. The information (and misinformation) Clough drew on appears to include material derived from Dickens's as then unpublished (later "violated") letter of 25 May. Unlike accounts transmitted to American newspapers by London correspondents which propagated stories concerning an actress, Clough's account mentions Georgina Hogarth as the subject of the "scandalous rumours." He thus tenders a version of the gossip which seems otherwise to have been largely transmitted orally. Clough's characterization of Catherine as "lunatical," well before Dickens's letter of 25 May with its reference to his wife's alleged "mental disorder," comprises the earliest known written reference to this aspect of Dickens's narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a research topic, humour has drawn much attention from multiple disciplines including linguistics. Based on Engelthaler & Hills' (2018) humour scale, this study developed a measure named Humour Index (HMI) to quantify the degree of humour of texts. This measure was applied to examine the diachronic changes in the degree of humour of American newspapers and magazines across a time span of 118 years (1900-2017) with the use of texts from Corpus of Historical American English (COHA). Besides, the study also discussed the contributions of different types of words to the degree of humour in the two genres. The results show significant uptrends in the degree of humour of both newspapers and magazines in the examined period. Moreover, derogatory and offensive words are found to be less frequently used than other categories of words in both genres. This study provides both theoretical and methodological implications for humour studies and claims or hypotheses of previous research, such as infotainment and linguistic positivity bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Cumhuriyet Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi (CTAD) is the property of Ataturk Institute for Modern Turkish History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The May 1937 condensation of The Great Gatsby syndicated in the Sunday supplements of select American newspapers included several drastic acts of textual surgery. Although the cuts may not qualify as amputation, they certainly disfigured Fitzgerald's original text and changed the tenor of the novel's themes. In this roundtable, nine specialists on Gatsby and modernism take on a chapter each to offer their reflections on how the novel's scope and focus were altered by the emendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores three famous American newspapers as an attempt to find out how Iranian women are depicted in these three American newspapers. Three national newspapers (The New York Times , Los Angeles Times , and The Washington Post) were consulted as authority to gain information about Iranian women. Two hundred and thirteen headlines about Iranian women were identified in these three newspapers published over a period of 10 years. Through qualitative corpus analysis, we noticed that Iranian women are represented with regard to five generic categories (patterns): Ethics and Dress Coding (EDC); Political Activism (PA); Political System (PS); Social Condition and Trends (SCT); and Praising Comments (PC). The patterns identified in these three newspapers regarding Iranian women indicate that material culture (physical aspect of culture) is highlighted by the American press when referring to Iranian women. The article also concludes that these three newspaper agencies manifest a pseudo-logical representation of Iranian women, which fails to acknowledge the dynamic life of Iranian women, and ignores local identities at the expense of globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of contemporary racial reckoning, institutions are acknowledging their historical legacies of racism and discrimination. Media institutions, given their role in the social construction of reality, have been called to account by racial justice activists for perpetuating the white-dominant status quo. We develop a framework for recognizing and interpreting efforts at historical repair work in journalism, second draft of history journalism (SDOH), whereby contemporary consciousness about racial injustice, structural inequality, and exclusionary practices inside and outside journalism prompt news organizations to revisit the historical record. Through case study exemplars at U.S. newspapers, we define the three main modes—active, reflective, and active/reflective, and four key characteristics of SDOH journalism—discursive consciousness, institutional consciousness, moral consciousness, and past orientation. We address the contested boundaries of journalism's cultural authority as journalists negotiate between SDOH journalism's moral advocacy in pursuit of social justice and journalists' professional journalistic norms of objectivity and neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a content analysis of 326 news stories from three liberal and three conservative U.S. newspapers, this study explored how the newspapers framed the same-sex marriage issue from 2004 to 2016. "Human rights," "access to benefits," and "public support" were the three dominant issue attributes newspapers used to support same-sex marriage, while "protection of traditional marriage," "public objection," and "securing of conservative voters' support" were the three major issue attributes newspapers used to oppose same-sex marriage. The policy theme was employed most often to organize stories reporting same-sex marriage, followed by the morality and economic themes. From the perspective of same-sex marriage supporters, the general tone of news stories improved over the years. There were minor differences on the issue attributes and organizing themes used between liberal and conservative newspapers. Newspaper practice and practical implications were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to contribute to a theory of media's construction of reality -- study the ways mass media use to shape a public figure's image, on the example of the Russian political leader's representation in foreign media. The main focus of the research is on the linguistic means by which this image is created and reinforced. The data are drawn from a selection of publications of the American newspaper Daily news and the German magazine Der Spiegel in the online format from 2000 to 2004 and from 2018 to 2020 . The authors examined is a striking and by far not unique example of how the world media construct the social reality for a contemporary man. In most cases, creating the media image of the President of Russia V. Putin, the Daily News and Der Spiegel appeal to readers' negative emotions. Although on the pages of the German edition over the last three years it was possible to identify language means that positively characterize the leader of Russia, their share is insignificant. Since the selection of linguistic means directly affects what image will be formed in the mind of the reader, it can be concluded that the Western media deliberately form a predominantly negative media image of the Russian president, thereby manipulating the opinion of the German-speaking and English-speaking people. It should be admitted that powerful structures of information warfare and anti-Russian propaganda have long been developed in the West, and this propaganda itself, often mixed with Russophobia, has practically turned into a factor of global politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses content analysis of protest coverage and sourcing practices by five major U.S. daily newspapers over the past two decades (1998–2017) to examine the prevalence and evolution of a set of devices of representation present in news coverage of protest groups. They have been traditionally ascribed to a pattern of mainstream coverage deemed marginalizing of protest groups, the "protest paradigm." The study concludes that the prevalence of marginalizing devices is stable over time, and that the degree of adherence to the paradigm in news stories systematically varies across protest type and geography. Implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newspapers were the primary literary institutions of Latinx modernism, and attending more centrally to newspaper and other periodical literature changes the way we understand Latinx literary history. It demonstrates not only the generic and formal dynamism of Latinx writing but also how thoroughly embedded that writing has always been in hemispheric currents of thought and textual circulation. In this essay, I give an account of how Latinx modernism contributes to and transforms the fields of Latinx literature, modernist studies, and Latin American studies. I describe the print-cultural archive of Latinx modernism and justify my use of the term Latinx based on the transnational identifications of newspaper literature pages during this period. I then outline the problems and potentiality presented by the Latinity of Latinx writing, building on the work of Latin American decolonial theorists. Relying on examples from the archive, I show how Latinx modernism engages what I am calling the spirit of Latinoamericanismo and in the process transforms our conception of American modernity, showing it to be inextricable from coloniality. The spirit of Latinoamericanismo figures the oppositional potential of Latinx modernist literature, including its contradictions and limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the intersection of race, gender, and criminality in the language surrounding mental health and illness. Applying computational methods of word embeddings to full text data from major American newspapers between 2000 and 2023, I show that the landscape of mental health is broadly racialized as black, challenging the notion of mental illness as a predominantly white phenomenon. Cultural ideas about mental illness are gendered such that women are medicalized and men are criminalized, yet certain terms blur the boundary between illness and criminality. I highlight how stereotypes embedded in mental health language perpetuate stigma around men's mental health and justify social control with notable implications for black men. I conclude with recommendations for the mental health movement by advocating for more inclusive discussions around men's mental health and revised person-centric language. • Race and gender stereotypes are embedded in mental health language. • Word embeddings uncover these stereotypes via linguistic associations. • Mental health is broadly racialized as black. • Women's mental health experiences are medicalized, and men's are criminalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the way in which the British colonists of North America frame their national identity in the socio-political and judicial debates which are voiced in the press in the period before and after the Declaration of Independence. To this purpose, I constructed a corpus of newspaper articles from 1764 to 1783 and I analysed the most frequent descriptors used by authors to encode their national identity in discourse, focusing on recurrent collocational and colligational patterns. Results show that colonists adopt discourse strategies of assimilation, perpetuation and dismantling across the two decades. If until the mid-1770s they enhance their sameness with native Britons on the basis of their common cultural inheritance and historical memory, after 1776 colonists seek to construct an autochthonous American nationality. Although they appear to be neither able nor willing to see themselves as dis-membered from the British Empire, the years of the Revolution set the premises for the development of a post-British national identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study gives a corpus-assisted discourse study of the recontextualization of "One Country, Two Systems" in Chinese, British and American newspapers. It proposes to analyse the recontextualization of "One Country, Two Systems" at four levels: (1) Lexicalization; (2) Grammatical functions; (3) Evaluation; and (4) Perspectivation. The findings show not only the systematic differences between Chinese and Anglo-American newspapers but also the subtle differences between American and British newspapers in their specific ways of recontextualization. It is argued that a proper understanding of the politics of recontextualization should explicate the dynamic relations between media systems, national interests, and the specific ways of recontextualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the summer of 1979 a student journalist from Indiana University, Tom French, an Indianapolis native who had attended the Indiana State Fair for years, became intrigued by one of [...]

One of the most cited moments in John Ford's revisionist Western, 'The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance' (1962) occurs near the end: Ransom Stoddard (James Stewart) completes his confession to [...]

This is a content analysis of coverage by the Seattle Times, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, the Seattle Star (mainstream papers), and the Northwest Enterprise (NWE, a Black press weekly newspaper) of the 1938 Berry Lawson police brutality case in Seattle, Washington. This study proposed to answer three research questions: (1) How did each type of news organization, Eurocentric and Black, frame the Lawson case? (2) Are these frames the same for both types of papers? (3) If not, how do the papers frame the case differently? The NWE's frame was Afrocentric. The mainstream papers' frame was Eurocentric. KEYWORDS: Afrocentricity, Lawson, Seattle Times, Northwest Enterprise, Speaking of his theory of Afrocentrism in a 2015 interview, Molefi Kete Asante, a leading figure in the fields of African American Studies, African Studies, and Communication Studies, said: 'It [...]

This article employs qualitative research to examine the media depiction of India in The Washington Post after the Cold War. The published literature has laid out that India and the USA became allies on a host of issues in recent decades. Using indexing theory and framing as a theoretical construct, this research identified key themes in the news reporting about India over a 24-year-period, finding that the press portrayals match the academic literature. The research methodology employed confirms that indexing theory remains a viable research tool for examining high-quality press coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the framing of genetically modified organisms in two American newspapers, The New York Times and the Washington Post (2000-2016) and tested the impact of risk and opportunity framing on attitudes and behaviors regarding genetically modified organisms. The content analysis (N = 165) showed that the two newspapers did not have a dominant frame type in their coverage. A randomized three-condition experiment (N = 182) showed that the type of framing significantly affected individuals' attitudes and was able to change them. The type of framing affected individuals' behavioral intentions through postexposure attitudes but was not able to significantly affect actual behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saudi Vision 2030 is a scheme; the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has formulated to realize its mainstream economic, social, and administrative goals. Accordingly, the Kingdom strategizes to implement this transformative Vision. The current research aims to analyze how American media has reported several events, actions, and policies in line with Saudi Vision 2030. Thus, the question posed is how an image of the transformative Saudi Kingdom has been presented by American media discourse, in line with Vision 2030. The study is substantial for the Kingdom to ascertain how the world has responded to its Vision. Moreover, in a world with media as a dominant directing agency, it is imperious for the Kingdom to keep an eye on its image in the global community. The research is primarily a quantitative study based on the corpus approach to study the designated media discourse. A specialized corpus of 150,000 words is compiled and analyzed through a variety of corpus tools. The results reveal that American newspapers have given limited representation of the Vision and related activities. Their media usually highlights the pre-existing features of the Kingdom. On the other hand, there are very occasional references to some new aspects like the transformation of the economy, promotion of tourism, revision of the society, etc., which are being implemented in the Kingdom. The study suggests that the Kingdom needs to brief the Western world for an enriched campaign of its contemporary image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building upon interdisciplinary scholarship, I posit a normative role of journalistic institutions as "civil gatekeepers" articulating a society's core values and keeping figures and ideas that threaten those values from the centers of power. Through mixed-method analyses of 2016 press endorsements of U.S. presidential candidates, I investigate how American newspapers' editorial boards fulfilled this civil gatekeeping role to evaluate the threats these candidates posed to democratic values and institutions. While editorial boards attempted to convey the unprecedented threat they believed Donald Trump posed to democracy, endorsements elicited nuanced patterns of moral equivalence as they simultaneously excoriated Trump's competence while questioning Hillary Clinton's integrity. This research contributes to a broader understanding of the civic and moral roles of journalistic institutions, and their enactment of cultural codes that give shape to, and help to protect, a society's normative values. I argue journalistic institutions are capable of serving as a powerful force for the preservation and communication of these values, possessing the unique ability to close the "gates" of the civil sphere to the ideas and figures representing the greatest threats to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was a critical study of the discourse used in the American newspapers regarding opinion about Pakistan military efforts in war on terror. So, the purpose of this study was to highlight the representation of Pak military in the discourse. The Qualitative method was engaged to assess the data of the selected content. The data have been collected by simple random sampling from The Washington Post and The New York Times and analyzed by N. Fairclough’s 3D model. Moreover, relevant linguistic tool from the Descriptive stage (1st dimension) were selected. For this, the study used M.K. Halliday’s model of Functional Language to find the relevant linguistic tool to analyze the media discourse. Keeping in focus the main objectives of the study, it only focused on the ideational function of language. The findings revealed that it was through transitivity process and through deliberate choice of lexical material to keep the acts of terrorism active and Pak Military passive in the this regard. The transitivity process showed that Pakistan military role was unsatisfied in its handling of militancy from its soil. The data also turned out to be repeatedly representing particular images of reality through the ideational function of language. Pakistan military administration was taken as submissive in eradicating Islamic fundamentalist. It also revealed the hidden agenda behind such representation that was distorting the image of Islam representing it as promoting militants’ group in the name of religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal I pursue in this study is to explain the constitutive function of the newspapers' opinion discourses from the perspective of securitisation theory. I discuss how the opinion articles and editorial collected from The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, USA Today and New York Post constructed the social reality (the Iran nuclear programme and deal) differently, as a result of their differing political ideologies, and sought to influence American foreign policy in line with their interests. Integrating securitisation theory with CDS, I investigated three types of discursive strategies (representational, dialogical and argumentative strategies) employed by these articles and discussed their contribution to the construction of elements of securitisation. The findings showed that American newspapers' commentary articles systematically securitised Iran (but sometimes desecuritised its nuclear programme).1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's economic environment, the United States newspaper industry has realized a severe period of decline in terms of circulation and overall consumer interest (Sullivan-Getty, 2009). While several major newspapers ceased existence in 2008, the USA Today remained the most popular American newspaper with a daily circulation well over 2.2 million (Sutel, 2008). However, with recent changes in consumer travel, the newspaper is expected to lose its position as the top U.S. daily following a 17% drop in circulation from April to September (Vanacore, 2009). With this in mind, it is critical that the USA Today identifies business strategies that will allow it to increase its circulation in years to come. In particular, it is more important than ever that the newspaper is aware of the content being delivered to consumers to ensure that it is delivering a highly competitive product. Thus, the purpose of the study is to investigate the coverage during the men's and women's NCAA Basketball Championships to determine whether the newspaper is providing content to maximize its potential reach with sport consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how American newspapers made sense of the issue of fake news. By analysing newspaper editorials and considering the problem of fake news as a critical incident confronting journalism, this study found that news organizations in the US recognize fake news as a social problem while acknowledging the challenge in defining it. They generally considered fake news as a social media phenomenon thriving on political polarization driven by mostly ideological, but sometimes also financial, motivations. Therefore, they assigned blame for the rise of fake news to the current political environment, to technological platforms Google and Facebook, and to audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the time the Civil War began, newsboys had become fixtures of America's urban landscape. Many people who bought their daily newspaper on the street wrote about newsboys in their diaries and letters. Their writings shed light on the lived experience of wartime journalism. Newsboys were the only representative of newspapers that most readers encountered in person. With their shouts about the latest news, newsboys created a collective listening/reading experience. This meant that the popular urban reception of war news was generated not only individually but in public as well. Reception of the news was greatly influenced by the newsboys who put their own spin on events and generated mass reaction from street crowds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The syndicated political columnist emerged as a fixture of American newspapers in the 1930s. By the end of the decade, the partisan views of a few journalists were placed before millions of potential readers. Columnists offered readers an alternative to the event-based, source-driven reporting style of the day. They offered publishers an inexpensive source of politically sophisticated content that they could use to advance their ideological interests or to demonstrate fairmindedness on the opinion pages. Conservative columnist Westbrook Pegler was among the best known and most divisive newspaper writers of the day. He was a sharp critic of the Roosevelt administration, organized labor, and liberals, and his work as a regular contributor to daily newspapers was followed by supporters and detractors alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the American-mediated myth of 'new China' spanning from the Chinese Revolution in 1911 to the American recognition of the Chinese Republic in 1913, in an effort to understand the complicated relations between news discourse, cultural issues and foreign relations in this particular historical context. The Chinese Revolution, overthrowing a deep-rooted feudalism and establishing an Americanized republican government, appealed to American sentiments of religious sympathy and ethnocentrism during the Progressive Era. The media myth of 'new China' was not only a significant part of discourses which enhanced American identity and nationalism, but also acted as the cognitive context and a determinant reason in the political discourse towards recognizing China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies across disciplines on how western media portray Muslims have been conducted in different geo-political and cultural contexts. However, we still lack research into media constructions of Muslims from a particular country including Indonesia, which is the most populous Muslim nation. This study aims to analyse the linguistic representation of Indonesian Muslims and Islam in two corpora of American newspapers published in two different five-year periods (2002-2006 and 2012-2016) by using corpus-assisted discourse analysis framework. Keyword, collocation and concordance analyses were employed to reveal dominant discourses of Indonesian Muslims. It was also enriched by critical discourse studies' commitment to analysing social and political contexts. Some of the findings corroborate and reinforce the results of previous studies on media depictions of Muslims in general, in that the dominant discourses around Islam and Muslims are related to terrorism, fundamentalism, conflict and violence. However, this study also brings forward additional information including a shift in the discourse. Dominant discourses around Indonesian Muslims in the American newspapers have witnessed a slight change over the 15 year-period from terrorism and extremism to radicalism only. What might be highlighted is that there are extremely few positive media portrayals of either Muslims in general or Indonesian Muslims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the role of writer James Fenimore Cooper in credibility and publicity to the Polish cause. Topics discussed include circulation of Contributions for the Poles in American newspapers disseminated arguments that inspired political action; involvement of military in the uprising and joined in the distribution of rifles from the arsenal; and return of peace, security and happiness.

Objectives: Can presidential candidates influence their coverage in Iowa's smaller local newspapers? I extend the approach of previous research by examining the impact of campaign press releases on newspaper stories before the 2016 Iowa caucuses. Methods: I coded the topic and tone of candidate press releases, and located "hits" in Iowa newspapers between September 2015 and January 2016 for the top two Democratic and Republican candidates. Results: Press releases were used primarily for information dissemination in Iowa, while competitive messages decreased as a share of campaign communications. Small, weekly community newspapers hardly covered the campaign. Conclusions: Newspapers in cities outside the state capital are ripe for campaign influence through the Associated Press and deserve more scrutiny, since their combined circulation rivals the largest state newspaper. Media–candidate relations are changing, but press releases remain a critical tool for campaigns to earn local coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This article examines whether newspapers' political leaning affects coverage tone for individuals in the news and whether the gender of the person covered affects this relationship. Methods: I analyze sentiment data on millions of person‐names from more than 200 major American newspapers between the years 2004 and 2009, juxtaposing them with various measurements for the political leaning of these newspapers. Results: Results show mixed support for the idea that political leaning in the media affects coverage patterns for individuals in the news. While newspapers located in states that are more likely to vote for Republicans cover women in a more negative way, I find no relationship between political leaning scores and coverage sentiment for men. Conclusions: The study shows mild support for the proposition that relatively liberal newspapers are more likely to cover women and women's issues in a positive way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on Barry H. Gottehrer, who authored "City in Crisis," an acclaimed New York Herald Tribune series about the problems facing New York City in the 1960s. Gottehrer subsequently joined Mayor John Lindsay's administration to help quell civil unrest in the face of events such as the Vietnam War and the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. This study considers Gottehrer's place among journalists who abandoned journalistic neutrality to become active government players. Gottehrer's methods reflected a novel communications strategy in which he tried to avoid press coverage of himself and his associates while working to give media access to disenfranchised people with the understanding that gaining such attention was often the underlying goal of protests and riots. He employed his strategy at a time of a shifting media landscape with the close of numerous newspapers in New York City and the rise of local TV news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2016, the New Scientist announced the birth and good health of the world’s first baby conceived using spindle nuclear transfer (SNT). The story was immediately circulated worldwide. In this article, we analyze 39 articles published within the first 48 hours of the announcement, in the Mexican, British, and U.S. press. These articles constitute the initial press reactions to the announcement, and as such, they offer a narrative ground on which SNT could thereafter be discussed. We argue that as a media event, the articles performed the task of rendering SNT, a “cultural novelty,” as culturally and technologically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to the 1890s, dance coverage in North-American newspapers was infrequent and haphazard—a sub-species of music criticism or a titbit in the gossip column. Yet beginning in the early 1890s, with the emergence of modern dance on theatrical stages, dance reviewing became a regular feature within American dailies. Modern dance reviews from 1890 to 1920 show heterogeneous stylistic variances that provide retellings and evaluations of dances. Drawing on archival materials, this essay analyses the dance review as it was developing during the fin de siècle, outlining two major developments: first, the evolution of its stylistic expression from the feuilleton style, and second, the rise of its editorial significance within the overall newspaper during this period. Investigating the journalism responding to the work of Loïe Fuller, Isadora Duncan, and Maud Allan, this essay argues that these descriptive and critical writings on dance present nascent reviews, signalling also the development of what we now recognize as the dance review standard, which would become formally established in North-American presses by the 1930s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I argue that the national political environment can meaningfully affect variation in aggregate demand for partisan media. I focus on the relationship between the political context—namely, political advantage and disadvantage derived from elections—and media demand in the form of partisan newspaper circulations. Using a data set that characterizes the partisan slant of local newspapers and their circulation levels between 1932 and 2004, I find that when parties are electorally advantaged in presidential contests, demand for their affiliated newspapers decreases relative to demand for papers affiliated with disadvantaged parties. I uncover evidence of similar patterns in a case study of Florida newspapers, and I also compare the power of presidential versus congressional outcomes in shaping feelings of advantage and disadvantage. Taken together, these results provide evidence of a negative link between political advantage derived from presidential elections and the relative demand for partisan news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This article presents the first known analysis of US newspaper portrayals of ‘home invasion’ crime by quantitatively investigating over 1,000 cases of home invasion drawn from 15 geographically spread city newspapers. In line with the concept of moral panic, descriptive statistics suggest a recent marked increase in the usage of the term ‘home invasion’ among newspapers. Additionally, regression analyses predicting levels of coverage suggest that a market‐driven model of news production, invoking a fearful worst‐case scenario, prevails. Victim or suspect fatalities, the number of victims or suspects, and the type of weapon reported, all generally predict the word count of initial articles and the likelihood of a follow‐up article. Analyses also partially support the hierarchy of victimisation hypothesis. We conclude by cautioning that citizens and legislators should consider these findings when calling for new legislation and appeal to criminologists to produce comprehensive empirical analyses on home invasion crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how eight U.S. news outlets framed the civil war in Sudan from 1989 through 2005. A textual analysis of 851 reports found the media framed it as a religious and ethnic conflict. Three themes also emerged: famine, slavery and oil. The general findings support previous research on how the U.S. media framed conflicts in Africa. However, contrary to other conflicts, the analysis found Sudan's civil war received steady coverage over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media organizations all over the world spent a large amount of 2014 covering the influence and activities of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). This study compares ISIS-related coverage among American, British and Middle Eastern media organizations, identifying the media frames used by these organizations. The findings reveal differences both in the amount of coverage and in the ways that each organization chose to frame its coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]