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Abstract This study examined Sa'di's works through a descriptive-analytical lens, drawing upon contemporary expert perspectives on successful aging. Sa'di, employing a moral approach grounded in religious teachings and personal experiences, endeavored to portray successful elderly individuals. With concision and eloquence, he proposed methods to mitigate the losses associated with aging, enabling older adults to live their remaining years with greater serenity and assume new roles befitting their circumstances in society. The research findings revealed that, according to Sa'di, the key attributes of successful elderly individuals included: Accepting the realities of aging Living wisely and approaching challenges prudently Maintaining a purposeful existence Seeking meaning and transcendence Cultivating a realistic awareness of mortality Preserving hope Engaging in social roles Practicing kindness Cultivating a positive reputation Prioritizing physical and mental well-being This analysis bridged classical Persian literature with contemporary gerontological concepts, offering valuable insights into the timeless nature of successful aging strategies. Keywords: Aging, Successful Aging, Educational Literature, Old Age, Sa'di Introduction Old age represents a significant phase in the human lifespan—a period when individuals, having traversed the majority of their lives, experience a decline in certain abilities and often find themselves marginalized by societal structures. However, maintaining influence and fulfilling social roles during this stage can significantly preserve or even enhance one's quality of life. This study aimed to explore the concept of successful aging as portrayed in Sa'di's works. It sought to answer the question: What characteristics did Sa'di attribute to a successfully aging individual, taking into account the social conditions of his era? To achieve this, Sa'di's literary corpus was thoroughly examined and both his explicit statements and implicit views were meticulously described and analyzed. Materials & Methods This research employed a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the didactic works of Sa'di Shirazi, with a focus on identifying patterns of successful aging. The methodology involved: A comprehensive review of Sa'di's literary works Identification and extraction of relevant passages pertaining to aging Analysis of these passages in light of contemporary theories of successful aging Synthesis of findings to construct a cohesive picture of Sa'di's perspective on aging well By applying this rigorous methodology, the study aimed to bridge classical Persian wisdom with modern gerontological insights, potentially offering timeless strategies for navigating the challenges of advanced age.

Fuel subsidies play a vital role in mitigating inflation and lowering fuel production expenses, particularly during periods of surging global crude oil prices. The study's objectives involve a comprehensive assessment, mapping research studies to understand current trends, publication impact, research productivity in fuel subsidy studies, and identifying the most influential countries, institutions, and authors in this field. This research conducts a bibliometric analysis of fuel subsidies and their trends, utilizing data and academic literature from the Scopus database retrieved on October 4, 2022, with the keywords "fuel" and "subsidy" in the title string. Examining 168 articles spanning 1978 to 2022, quantitative data analysis employed Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and Harzing’s Publish or Perish. Results reveal a rising trend in article publication since 2014, peaking at 23 articles in 2017. The United States (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), and China emerge as the most productive countries in fuel subsidy studies, with the USA playing a crucial role in international collaboration. The most cited paper garnered 164 citations. Future research is encouraged to explore broader areas, linking fuel subsidies with low carbon societies, environmental policy, renewable energy, or the blue economy, given their global significance. The study's findings aim to guide researchers in planning future investigations, offering relevant literature and critical issues to address, ultimately enhancing the quality of knowledge in this domain.

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Indonesia kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati terutama di bidang pertanian, yang menyebabkan tingginya angka pemanfaatan herbal untuk pengobatan tradisional. Praktik tersebut dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor terutama faktor sosio-demografis, ekonomi, pendidikan dan lainnya.Tujuan. Untuk menganalisis jumlah dan tipe-tipe dari pengobatan herbal di Puskesmas Pekan labuhan dan juga faktor yang memengaruhi penggunaan obat-obatan herbal.Metode.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang, pada 119 pasien dewasa di Puskesmas Pekan Labuhan pada rentang waktu penelitian. Sampel diambil dengan metode purposive sampling pada pasien yang datang ke puskesmas. data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner. Data di analisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan tes pearson χ2 atau Fischer's Exact test menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi ke-21 untuk windows pada interval kepercayaan 95%.Hasil. Penggunaan pengobatan herbal pada masyarakat sekitar Puskesmas Pekan Labuhan sebesar 49%. Umumnya pengobatan herbal digunakan sebagai obat komplementer, dengan jamu sebesar 39% dan pil ekstrak 23.7%. Penggunaan pengobatan herbal tersebar merata diantara kelompok demografis dan faktor pengobatan. Terdapat 2 faktor yang paling memengaruhi yaitu kepercayaan terhadap keamanan dari pengobatan herbal (PR 3.58, p

Scrotoschisis is a rare congenital anomaly affecting the scrotum and testes, characterized clinically by a defect in the scrotal wall and extrusion of testicular tissue. This literature review is based on reports gathered from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords to explore the underlying basic science of this rare condition. The etiology and mechanism of scrotoschisis development remain largely unknown, with only theoretical explanations and a lack of empirical evidence regarding its pathogenesis, which is thought to be linked to embryological abnormalities during scrotal formation. Diagnosing scrotoschisis typically involves a straightforward visual examination of the extruded testes immediately after birth, although clinical presentations may vary, being either unilateral or bilateral. Surgical intervention, primarily through orchidopexy, is generally beneficial for repositioning the testes, closing defects, and preventing potential complications. The prognosis for individuals with this anomaly is generally favorable, although long-term testicular function has been inadequately documented. Further research, including additional clinical reports and investigations involving animal models or embryological studies, is warranted to enhance our understanding of this condition.

The ability of mixed neem, cassava, and wild betel plant leaves to act as plant-based coagulants was tested in real aquaculture wastewater through the coagulation-flocculation process. The performance of plant-based coagulant (PBC) was compared with that of chemical coagulant (alum) to observe the removal efficiency of turbidity, TSS, color, and COD. Ratio, as a new approach, was used by selecting TSS as an indicator or index to substitute for the dosage term and calculated based on a simplified equation. The extracted medium for these coagulants was prepared by using water extraction. Initial characterizations showed that the PBC had some carbon and amine groups (as also confirmed by LC-MS) with an average zeta potential of –22.83 ± 0.62 mV. Results indicated both coagulants (plant-based and chemical coagulants) successfully removed the measured polluted parameters of turbidity (85.17 %), TSS (80.28 %), color (59.42 %), and COD (54.63 %) for PBC with dosage of 0.79 mg/L and coagulant mass of 3.94 mg, while alum gained a higher removal with turbidity (99.08 %), TSS (98.71 %), color (97.29 %), and COD (75.31 %) with dosage and coagulant mass of 698.4 mg/L and 349.2 mg, respectively. This signaled that alum still acted as the best coagulant, but PBC showed a promising opportunity as a potential substitute for chemical coagulant.

Juru River is one of the most polluted rivers in Malaysia. A dye-degrading bacterial consortium has been isolated from the river's sediment. This consortium JR3 consists of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MM01, Enterobacter sp. MM05 and Serratia marcescens MM06, which were able to decolorize up to 700 ppm of the Reactive Red 120 (RR120) dye under optimal conditions with limited substrate available. Substrate inhibition kinetics were investigated, and, based on the best model, Aiba, the maximum growth rate was 0.795 h–1, while the saturation constant and inhibitory constant were 0.185% and 0.14%, respectively. In addition, the influence of various metal ions on the growth and decolorization rate of this bacterial consortium on RR120 was investigated. Chromium showed the weakest effect on the decolorization of 200 ppm RR120, with 73.5% removal and bacterial growth of 11.461 log CFU mL–1. Zinc yielded the second weakest effect, followed by silver and lead, with percentages of RR120 decolorization of 63.8%, 54.6% and 50.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, cadmium, arsenic and copper reduced the decolorization of RR120 in consortium JR3 by half. Mercury strongly inhibited decolorization by 32.5%. Based on the least inhibited heavy metal in RR120 decolorization activity of consortium JR3, the best inhibitory kinetic model was Levenspiel, with a maximum growth rate of 0.632 h–1, while the saturation constant and inhibitory constants were 15.08% and 0.5783%, respectively. The metal-tolerant azo dye-degrading bacterial consortium will be very useful in dye remediation in metal-laden polluted environments.

Abstract Higher education students are frequently required to assess lecturers with a convenient, fast, and anonymous learning management system. Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia (UiTM) adopted a remote teaching and learning approach. This study examined how lecturers’ professionalism, course impression, and facilitating conditions at UiTM affected undergraduate and graduate students’ remote learning pre- and mid-pandemic. The higher prediction accuracy of the model demonstrated that students’ remote learning activities were highly related to lecturers’ professionalism, course impression, and facilitating conditions. The structural model demonstrated that the t-statistics of all measurement variables were significant at 1%. The strongest predictor of students’ enjoyment of remote learning pre- and mid-pandemic was lecturers’ professionalism. In the importance-performance matrix, lecturers’ professionalism was in the quadrant for ‘keep up the good work’. Facilitating conditions and course impression did not require further improvement even during the pandemic. The influence of remote learning was demonstrated in the students’ graduation rates and grades. The results also presented theoretical and practical implications for the UiTM hybrid learning plan post-pandemic.

Supply-side fiscal policy holds that the growth of the country is stimulated through fiscal expansion designed to foster increased production. Subsidies given by the government to producers save many essential industries from higher cost of production thus encouraging them to increase supply of goods and services. On the other hand, subsidies provided to the public have benefitted them from paying higher prices for consumer products thus enhancing their welfare. However, these subsidies and incentives may promote overproduction and encourage overconsumption since cost of production becomes much cheaper after being subsidized. This has consequences on the consumer environmental awareness (CEA) as excessive use of certain products e.g. fuel, may result in environmental pollution. Using a systematic literature review, we explore subsidy and environmental awareness among consumers. We focus on environmental awareness as an interesting issue to bring forward in this research and our study contributes to the existing literature. The results of our study imply that the provision of subsidies on fuels resulted in excessive use of self-transport which has an impact on climate change. However, in other cases, green subsidies do benefit society in general. High environmental awareness can be decisive in influencing green purchasing behaviour, resulting in high demand for green products.

Supporting digital technology used in teaching and learning, video has opened a new opportunity for bringing a traditional learning environment to enhance learning. The use of video through mobile applications has changed the methods and techniques of acquiring knowledge in the education field in almost all subjects such as language, science and mathematics. This changing technique offers innovative opportunities for both teachers and students to enhance language learning through technology. Previous literature has shown a respectable number of studies related to the use of video in mobile applications applied in various subjects, resulting in enormous advantages to the learners at school. Thus, the goal of this preliminary study is to identify the teaching and learning in Arabic language and to examine what is teachers done to increase in mastering Arabic vocabulary among students. This study also aimed to see teachers’ perception toward the use of video through mobile application in teaching and learning for Arabic language that can be used as guide developing an application product for the subject of the Arabic language. An online interview had been conducted among teachers from two different religious secondary schools in Penang for data collection. Findings showed that the teachers still use conventional teaching in class and only use the technology during online class. Most teachers agreed that the use of video through mobile applications can be used to improve learners’ language learning and it is most suitable to apply in the learning of the Arabic language for a secondary school in Malaysia.

Surface water quality has deteriorated in recent years due to the emerging pollutants from urbanization. In line with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), adequate treatment is crucial to enhance the effluent discharges to the water bodies. Therefore, the potential of microalgae as phytoremediation, especially Chlorella vulgaris, in revolutionizing municipal wastewater treatment can be a substitute for the conventional method. Thus, this study aims to determine the percentage of pollutants in wastewater removed via microalgae. Effluent samples were taken from the wastewater treatment plant of Universiti Teknologi MARA, Campus Dengkil, Selangor. The experiment was conducted in an aerated batch reactor with LED light to boost the microalgae growth. Microplastic has been inserted in the batch culture of microalgae to estimate the biodegradation process further. From the results observation, the percentage removal for the ammonia-nitrogen is approximately 98%, with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) at the highest rate of 82%. Later, the reduction percentage of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 96.6%. After the treatment, separately, nitrate-nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen removal capacity were obtained as 99% and 99.7%. Lastly, for the phosphorus, the removal percentage was 98.48%. Consequently, this research can better understand the environmental and operational factors which can maximize the formation of algal biofilms and enhance the effectiveness of wastewater treatment. It also underscores the need for further research in optimizing the concentrations and combinations of these additives for more efficient wastewater treatment.

Synergism between biomass and plastic waste during co-processing reported to produce higher products yield with enhanced quality which thereby solving the problems of high oxygenated compounds and low yields with high viscosity in oil from its individual processing. However, study on synergistic effect (SE) between these feedstocks is considered lacking. In this study, the SE of co-liquefying empty fruit bunch (EFB) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in sc-MeOH was investigated using a high-pressure, high-temperature batch-wise reactor system at 260 °C for 30 minutes and at various EFB-HDPE ratios to determine the best ratio for bio-fuel yield and its functional group content. It was found that 25% EFB:75% HDPE (wt/wt %) provides the most significant SE (≈ 8 wt%) for bio-fuel yield and the most considerable reduction in solid residue formation under the studied conditions. The presence of hydroxyl groups from EFB and aliphatic hydrocarbons from HDPE, along with new carbonyl compounds, further highlights the SE resulting from the combined processing of these materials. The findings suggest that optimizing the ratio of biomass to plastic waste in co-liquefaction can significantly enhance the efficiency and yield of bio-fuels while minimizing waste, providing a promising approach for sustainable energy production and waste management.

The batik industry has been one of the main family businesses in most of the east-coast region of the Malaysian peninsula for many years. However, appropriate water treatment is still a major challenge for this industry. Stringent laws introduced by the Malaysian authorities and the intention to protect the environment are factors that drive researchers to search for suitable, appropriate, affordable and efficient treatment of batik wastewater. Treatment research on batik wastewater is still lacking and coagulation-flocculation treatment using alum was introduced and chosen as a stepping stone toward the selection of green coagulants. This study aimed to determine the best conditions for alum flocculation-coagulation using a standard jar test method. Four main factors were investigated: alum dosage (0.1–3.5 g/L), pH (4–11), settling time (0.5–24 h) and rapid mixing rate (100–300 rpm). Results obtained were further analysed statistically using SPSS software prior to determining the significant effect of variable changes. From this study, the best conditions for batik wastewater treatment using the flocculation-coagulation process were found to be at alum dosage of 1.5 g/L, pH 8, 4 h settling time and a rapid mixing rate of 100 rpm. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, colour and total suspended solids (TSS) were removed by 70.7, 92.2, 88.4 and 100%, respectively, under these conditions. This study showed that batik wastewater can be treated by the coagulation-flocculation process using chemical means of alum. This indicates the need for forthcoming developments in natural-based-coagulant-flocculants toward the sustainability of the batik industry.

Scrotoschisis is an uncommon congenital urogenital anomaly with a defect in the scrotum causing protrusion of testis through the scrotal wall. This is the 20th case reported and 1st from Indonesia. A male newborn admitted with a complaint mass protruding from his left hemiscrotum. Mass was described with spherical shaped, red base, yellowish membrane, smooth and firm boundaries with no sign of testicular torsion. Patient was diagnosed with left unilateral scrotoschisis. Patient was managed with surgical debridement, scrotal exploration and orchidopexy. The patient was managed with drain insertion to monitor signs of infections. Patient was stable and discharged, hence testicular function monitoring was planned in line with further growth assessment.

Biological treatment is currently a favorable option to treat wastewater due to its environmentally friendly methods and minimal toxic by-products. The majority of biological wastewater treatment uses bacteria as treatment agents, which are known to have excellent capabilities for removing various pollutants. Researchers have extensively explored the use of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) generated by bacteria in wastewater treatment. This review focuses on the sources of EPSs, factors influencing their production, and their role in wastewater treatment. Bacterial species, nutrient availability, pH, temperatures, and the presence of toxins were mentioned to be the factors influencing EPS production by bacteria in wastewater treatment. Produced EPSs by bacteria may promote the aggregation, adsorption, decolorization, and degradation of pollutants. This review highlights the challenges of discovering new potential bacterial species and complex EPS extraction methods, as well as the importance of mass production for larger-scale applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]