Search

Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, el magisterio se convirtió en una opción laboral válida para las mujeres de Montevideo, impulsada por discursos y prácticas promovidas por las autoridades educativas. En un contexto laboral que excluía a las mujeres y las relegaba al trabajo no remunerado doméstico, la feminización del magisterio permitió que algunas mujeres se integraran al mercado laboral como maestras. Sin embargo, sus condiciones laborales estuvieron marcadas por la precariedad e inestabilidad de los ingresos, obligándolas a implementar diversas estrategias para sostener su subsistencia y la de sus familias. Este artículo se propone analizar los argumentos de las autoridades escolares para justificar la participación femenina en el magisterio y la brecha salarial por género, así como las estrategias empleadas por las maestras para enfrentar la inestabilidad económica. La investigación se enmarca en una historia social del trabajo con perspectiva de género, centrándose en las maestras como trabajadoras. A través del análisis de diversas fuentes, se busca responder preguntas sobre los discursos y prácticas que llevaron a la feminización del magisterio, la justificación de la brecha salarial por parte de las autoridades, el impacto de la inestabilidad salarial en las trabajadoras y sus familias, y las estrategias adoptadas por las maestras para contrarrestar la falta de ingresos. También se examina cómo sostuvieron su vida tras alcanzar la jubilación. La historiografía uruguaya ha abordado ampliamente la educación primaria en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, pero ha ignorado las condiciones de vida y trabajo de las maestras. Este estudio dialoga con una historiografía regional que ha problematizado estas cuestiones, explorando las consecuencias de la feminización del magisterio y la condición laboral de las maestras.

El artículo analiza la huelga de albañiles de 1895 en Montevideo, centrada en la reducción de la jornada laboral, reflejando las duras condiciones de trabajo de la época. Montevideo experimentaba un rápido crecimiento urbano y económico, con una clase trabajadora diversa enfrentando largas jornadas, bajos salarios y falta de protección social. Los trabajadores, organizados en “sociedades de resistencia”, buscaron mejorar sus condiciones a través de acciones colectivas. La Sociedad de albañiles lideró la huelga como ejemplo de estas luchas. El artículo explora los métodos de trabajo, las relaciones laborales y las estrategias de organización de los albañiles, destacando la limitada atención historiográfica sobre su historia en el siglo XIX. Se basa en una revisión exhaustiva de la prensa y diversas fuentes para iluminar este período.

Background: Fecal microbiota, live-jslm (RBL; REBYOTA ® ), is the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved, single-dose, rectally administered, microbiota-based live biotherapeutic product for preventing Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) recurrence. Alternative routes of administration are of clinical interest. Objectives: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of RBL administration via colonoscopy. Design: Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records of participants administered RBL via colonoscopy under FDA enforcement discretion. Methods: The number of participants with treatment and/or procedure-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was evaluated. Treatment success and sustained clinical response, defined as the absence of CDI recurrence within 8 weeks and 6 months, respectively, were evaluated. Results: TEAEs were experienced by 75% (6/8) of participants; most were mild to moderate in severity, and none due to RBL or its administration. Most participants had treatment success (80%; 8/10); 75% (6/8) had sustained clinical response. Conclusion: Real-world safety and efficacy of RBL administered via colonoscopy were consistent with clinical trials of rectally administered RBL. Graphical abstract

BackgroundBreast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. Reduced physical activity and overweight are associated with poor prognosis. Breast cancer patients have a high risk to gain weight, lose muscle mass and reduce physical activity during therapy. Concepts are urgently needed to motivate patients to engage in physical activity.Methods110 non-metastatic breast cancer patients were included in the prospective observational BEGYN-1 study. Physiological parameters and body composition were measured before the start of therapy and then quarterly for one year. Patients used a fitness tracker and documented their physical activity in a diary throughout the study.ResultsAlthough the patients were not offered any guided exercise, and despite the restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, they increased their physical activity (metabolic equivalent of task (MET) -minutes): p

Background: Although physical activity (PA) among adults is associated with health benefits, only one-third of young adults meet PA recommendations. Examining if the type of PA has an impact on individuals’ psychological responses may impact future interventions and PA rates among young adults. Aims: This study examined affective and other psychological responses to a class of high intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate intensity continuous training (MICT). Methods: Participants (n = 41) were active 18–25-year-old college students randomized to participate in HIIT or MICT. HIIT was higher intensity and included more breaks from PA relative to MICT. Both classes were 30-minutes that included a warm-up and cool down. Psychological factors included affect, enjoyment, and exercise-feeling. Results and Conclusions: Participants in the HIIT condition reported lower positive affect and higher physical exhaustion during PA than the MICT condition. However, there was no effect of group assignment on enjoyment, tranquility, positive engagement, and revitalization. This study provides some evidence that HIIT may result in lower levels of positive affect and more exhaustion during PA; however, HIIT does not appear to impact enjoyment. Future studies should examine affect in HIIT relative to MICT through the lens of dual-mode theory over a multi-week intervention. Additionally, HIIT is often discussed as requiring less time relative to traditional workouts while experiencing similar positive health benefits, so future studies should examine affect during HIIT vs. MICT in shorter classes.

Background In patients after heart transplantation, systemic arterial hypertension and enhanced central aortic stiffness contribute to increased ventricular afterload, which might lead to graft dysfunction. The aim of our study was to characterize systemic arterial elastance and its impact on left ventricular function and ventriculo‐arterial coupling in a cohort of children, adolescents, and young adults after heart transplantation using invasive conductance catheter technique. Methods and Results Thirty patients who had heart transplants (age, 20.0±6.5 years, 7 female) underwent invasive cardiac catheterization including pressure‐volume loop analysis. Load‐independent parameters of systolic (ventricular elastance [Ees]) and diastolic (ventricular compliance) function as well as systemic arterial elastance (Ea, end‐systolic pressure/stroke volume) and ventriculo‐arterial coupling (Ea/Ees) were assessed at baseline level and during dobutamine infusion (10 μg/kg/min). Ees showed an appropriate increase under inotropic stimulation from 0.43 (0.11–2.52) to 1.00 (0.20–5.10) mm Hg/mL/m2 (P

Background: Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergo the comprehensive stage 2 procedure as the second stage in the hybrid approach toward Fontan circulation. The complexity of comprehensive stage 2 procedure is considered a potential limitation, and limited information is available on its anesthetic management. This study aims to address this gap. Methods: A single‐center retrospective cohort study analyzed 148 HLHS patients who underwent comprehensive stage 2 procedure, divided into Group A (stable condition, n = 116) and Group B (requiring preoperative intravenous inotropic therapy, n = 32). Demographic data, intraoperative hemodynamics, anesthetic management, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Results: Etomidate (40%) was the most common induction agent, followed by esketamine (24%), midazolam (16%), and propofol (13%). Inhaled induction was rarely necessary (2%), occurring only in Group A patients. No statistical differences were found between groups for induction drug choice. Post‐cardiopulmonary bypass management included moderate hypoventilation, inhaled nitric oxide (100%), and hemodynamic support with milrinone (97%) and norepinephrine (77%). Group B patients more frequently required additional levosimendan (20%) and epinephrine (18%). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was necessary in 8 patients (5%) with no between‐group differences. Switching from fentanyl to remifentanil reduced postoperative ventilation time overall. However, Group B experienced significantly longer ventilation (6.3 vs. 3.5 h) and ICU stay (22 vs. 14 days). In‐hospital mortality was 5% overall (Group A: 4%, Group B: 9%). Long‐term survival analysis revealed a significant advantage for Group A. Conclusion: The use of short‐acting opioids and adjusted ventilation modes enables optimal pulmonary blood flow and rapid transition to spontaneous breathing. Differentiated hemodynamic support with milrinone, norepinephrine, supplemented by levosimendan and epinephrine in high‐risk patients, can mitigate the effects on the preoperatively volume‐loaded right ventricle. However, differences in long‐term survival probability were observed between groups. Trial Registration: Local ethics committee, Medical Faculty, Justus‐Liebig‐University‐Giessen (Trial Code Number: 216/14). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anaesthesiologie & Intensivmedizin is the property of DGAI e.V. - Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Aim Due to improved therapy in childhood, many patients with congenital heart disease reach adulthood and are termed adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). ACHD often develop heart failure (HF) as a consequence of initial palliative surgery or complex anatomy and subsequently require advanced HF therapy. ACHD are usually excluded from trials evaluating heart failure therapies, and in this context, more data about heart failure trajectories in ACHD are needed to guide the management of ACHD suffering from HF. Methods and results The pAtients pResenTing with cOngenital heaRt dIseAse Register (ARTORIA‐R) will collect data from ACHD evaluated or listed for heart or heart‐combined organ transplantation from 16 countries in Europe and the Asia/Pacific region. We plan retrospective collection of data from 1989–2020 and will include patients prospectively. Additional organizations and hospitals in charge of transplantation of ACHD will be asked in the future to contribute data to the register. The primary outcome is the combined endpoint of delisting due to clinical worsening or death on the waiting list. The secondary outcome is delisting due to clinical improvement while on the waiting list. All‐cause mortality following transplantation will also be assessed. The data will be entered into an electronic database with access to the investigators participating in the register. All variables of the register reflect key components important for listing of the patients or assessing current HF treatment. Conclusion The ARTORIA‐R will provide robust information on current management and outcomes of adults with congenital heart disease suffering from advanced heart failure.

AbstractThis study explored differences in motivations and barriers for green physical activity (GPA) in a sample of U.S. adults (N = 205). Differences by identity (i.e. gender, sexual identity, disability status, and race/ethnicity) were examined. Participants (33.5 ± 9.2 years, 76.6% female and 7.8% genderqueer/non-conforming, 33.3% LGBTQIA+, 34.1% BIPOC, 10.7% individuals with disabilities) responded to survey measures for motivations/barriers and could provide open-ended motivations/barriers not covered by scales. Genderqueer/non-conforming participants were significantly less motivated by competition/ego, appearance, and others’ expectations (p’s < 0.05). LGBTQIA + participants were overall less motivated to do GPA (p = 0.02). Overall barrier scores were significantly higher for LGBTQIA + participants (p = 0.01) and participants with disabilities (p = 0.02). Qualitative analysis revealed themes outside of the scales for motivators (i.e. GPA integrated into daily life, active citizenship, mental health, and physical activity benefits) and further barriers at all levels (i.e. structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal). Historically excluded groups’ motivators/barriers should be prioritized in GPA-related campaigns and programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The role of selenium in cancer biology remains poorly understood. Our aim was to study the course of selenium serum levels and the use of selenium supplements during breast cancer therapy. (2) Methods: Serum selenium levels, clinical–pathological data, selenium supplementation, and lifestyle factors were monitored quarterly over one year. (3) Results: A total of 110 non-metastatic breast cancer patients were enrolled in the prospective observational “BEGYN-1” study. At baseline, 2.9% of patients were selenium-deficient (<50 ng/mL), 1.9% were overdosed (>120 ng/mL), and 6.4% received substitution. The median selenium level was 81.5 ng/mL and ranged between 78.7 and 84.5 ng/mL within the year. A total of 25.3% of the patients received supplementation, resulting in significantly higher selenium levels (p < 0.05). A total of 8.7–28.6% of the patients using supplements were overdosed. Selenium levels strongly correlated with mushroom consumption (p = 0.003), but no association was found with therapy or clinical characteristics. (4) Conclusions: Although selenium deficiency is rare, serum selenium levels should be assessed in breast cancer patients. Mushrooms and nuts should be preferred over supplements to correct selenium deficiency. Ruling out selenium deficiency helps prevent the risk of selenosis and avoid unnecessary, costly supplementation in patients who are often financially burdened due to their disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cell cycle, over which cells grow and divide, is a fundamental process of life. Its dysregulation has devastating consequences, including cancer.sup.1-3. The cell cycle is driven by precise regulation of proteins in time and space, which creates variability between individual proliferating cells. To our knowledge, no systematic investigations of such cell-to-cell proteomic variability exist. Here we present a comprehensive, spatiotemporal map of human proteomic heterogeneity by integrating proteomics at subcellular resolution with single-cell transcriptomics and precise temporal measurements of individual cells in the cell cycle. We show that around one-fifth of the human proteome displays cell-to-cell variability, identify hundreds of proteins with previously unknown associations with mitosis and the cell cycle, and provide evidence that several of these proteins have oncogenic functions. Our results show that cell cycle progression explains less than half of all cell-to-cell variability, and that most cycling proteins are regulated post-translationally, rather than by transcriptomic cycling. These proteins are disproportionately phosphorylated by kinases that regulate cell fate, whereas non-cycling proteins that vary between cells are more likely to be modified by kinases that regulate metabolism. This spatially resolved proteomic map of the cell cycle is integrated into the Human Protein Atlas and will serve as a resource for accelerating molecular studies of the human cell cycle and cell proliferation. Spatial and temporal variations among individual human cell proteomes are comprehensively mapped across the cell cycle using proteomic imaging and transcriptomics., Author(s): Diana Mahdessian [sup.1] , Anthony J. Cesnik [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Christian Gnann [sup.1] [sup.3] , Frida Danielsson [sup.1] , Lovisa Stenström [sup.1] , Muhammad Arif [sup.1] , Cheng [...]

Abstract The nucleolus is essential for ribosome biogenesis and is involved in many other cellular functions. We performed a systematic spatiotemporal dissection of the human nucleolar proteome using confocal microscopy. In total, 1,318 nucleolar proteins were identified; 287 were localized to fibrillar components, and 157 were enriched along the nucleoplasmic border, indicating a potential fourth nucleolar subcompartment: the nucleoli rim. We found 65 nucleolar proteins (36 uncharacterized) to relocate to the chromosomal periphery during mitosis. Interestingly, we observed temporal partitioning into two recruitment phenotypes: early (prometaphase) and late (after metaphase), suggesting phase‐specific functions. We further show that the expression of MKI67 is critical for this temporal partitioning. We provide the first proteome‐wide analysis of intrinsic protein disorder for the human nucleolus and show that nucleolar proteins in general, and mitotic chromosome proteins in particular, have significantly higher intrinsic disorder level compared to cytosolic proteins. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive and essential resource of spatiotemporal expression data for the nucleolar proteome as part of the Human Protein Atlas.

A great deal of understanding can be gleaned from direct observation of organismal growth, development, and behavior. However, direct observation can be time consuming and influence the organism through unintentional stimuli. Additionally, video capturing equipment can often be prohibitively expensive, difficult to modify to one's specific needs, and may come with unnecessary features. Here, we describe PiSpy, a low-cost, automated video acquisition platform that uses a Raspberry Pi computer and camera to record video or images at specified time intervals or when externally triggered. All settings and controls, such as programmable light cycling, are accessible to users with no programming experience through an easy-to-use graphical user interface. Importantly, the entire PiSpy system can be assembled for less than $100 using laser-cut and 3D-printed components. We demonstrate the broad applications and flexibility of PiSpy across a range of model and non-model organisms. Designs, instructions, and code can be accessed through an online repository, where a global community of PiSpy users can also contribute their own unique customizations and help grow the community of open-source research solutions.

BackgroundModerate physical activity is associated with an improved prognosis and psychosocial outcome in breast cancer patients. Although exercise and physical activity are associated with multiple physiological and psychological effects, many of the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. The BEGYN study (Influence of physical activity in breast cancer patients on physiological and psychological parameters and on biomarkers) aims at identifying potential associations between the extent of physical activity, fitness, body composition, immunological biomarkers, psycho-emotional parameters, and the course of treatment during the first year after diagnosis of breast cancer.MethodsThe prospective observational BEGYN study will include 110 non-metastatic breast cancer patients. The patients will be assessed during a base line visit prior to the initiation of the antineoplastic therapy and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The physical activity will be measured using a fitness tracker and a self-assessment diary during the entire study. Each visit will include the assessment of (i) cardiorespiratory fitness measured by spiroergometry, (ii) body composition, (iii) psycho-emotional parameters (quality of life, mental health, fatigue, depression, distress, anxiety, well-being), and (iv) extensive blood tests including routine laboratory, vitamin D, selenium and immunologically relevant biomarkers (e.g., leukocyte subpopulations and cytokine profiles).DiscussionWhereas most studies investigating the influence of physical activity in breast cancer patients focus on specific activities for three months or less, the BEGYN study will quantify the daily physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness of breast cancer patients based on objective measurements in the context of the oncological therapy for 12 months after diagnosis. The study will reveal potential associations between exercise, immune status and physical as well as psycho-emotional outcome and the clinical course of the disease. Moreover, complementary therapies such as Vit D and Selenium supplementation and parameters investigating the motivation of the patients are part of the study. Due to this holistic approach, the BEGYN study will guide towards confirmatory studies on the role of physical activity in breast cancer patients to develop individualized counselling regarding the recommended type and extent of exercise.Trial RegistrationThis study has been registered at the German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00024829.

Abstract During a single heartbeat, muscle cells in the heart contract and relax. Under healthy conditions, the behaviour of these muscle cells is almost identical from one beat to the next. However, this regular rhythm can be disturbed giving rise to a variety of cardiac arrhythmias including cardiac alternans. Here, we focus on so-called microscopic calcium alternans and show how their complex spatial patterns can be understood with the help of the master stability function. Our work makes use of the fact that cardiac muscle cells can be conceptualised as a network of networks, and that calcium alternans correspond to an instability of the synchronous network state. In particular, we demonstrate how small changes in the coupling strength between network nodes can give rise to drastically different activity patterns in the network.