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En este estudio se presenta el decapado del acero inoxidable austenítico 316L utilizando mezclas de peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2)/ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4)/iones fluoruro; los iones fluoruro provienen del ácido fluorhídrico (HF), fluoruro de sodio (NaF) y fluoruro de potasio (KF). La estabilidad del H2O2 fue valorada modificando las concentraciones del ión férrico de 0 a 40 g/l y las temperaturas de 25 °C a 60 °C en las mezclas decapantes. Se establecieron las condiciones óptimas de decapado utilizando 20 g/l de iones férrico a 25 °C empleando el ácido p-toluensulfónico como estabilizante del H2O2. La mezcla que contenía HF fue la única capaz de eliminar completamente los óxidos superficiales del acero a tiempos de 300 s. Las mezclas a base de sales fluoradas eliminaron parcialmente los óxidos (20 y 40 % aprox.) en 300 s. Al incrementar el tiempo de decapado hasta 1200 s se obtuvieron porcentajes de eliminación alrededor de un 80 %.

Objective: This study created personas using quantitative segmentation and knowledge user enhancement to inform intervention and service design for rural patients to encourage preventive care uptake. Methods: This study comprised a cross-sectional survey of rural unattached patients and a co-design workshop for persona development. Cross-sectional survey data were analyzed for meaningful subgroups based on quartiles of preventive care completion. These quartiles informed “relevant user segments” grouped according to demographics (age, sex), length of unattachment, percentage of up-to-date preventive activities, health care visit frequency, preventive priorities, communication confidence with providers, and chronic health conditions, which were then used in the workshop to build the final personas. Results: 207 responses informed persona user segments, and five health care providers and 13 patients attended the workshop. The resulting four personas, included John (not up-to-date on preventive care activities), Terrance (few up-to-date preventive care activities), George (moderately up-to-date preventive care activities), and Anne (mostly up-to-date preventive care activities). Conclusion: Quantitative persona development with integrated knowledge user co-design/enhancement elevated and enriched final personas that achieved robust profiles for intervention design. Innovation: This project's use of a progressive methodology to build robust personas coupled with participant feedback on the co-design process offers a replicable approach for health researchers.

This dataset compiles breast cancer risk factors from 1697 Cuban women who attended consultations at the Hospital Universitario Clínico-Quirúrgico Comandante Manuel Fajardo in Havana, Cuba. The data were collected to develop a breast cancer risk estimation model specifically tailored to the Cuban population. The dataset includes 23 variables encompassing internationally recognized risk factors such as family history of breast cancer, lifestyle habits, demographic characteristics, and clinical outcomes. The data were extracted from electronic records and anonymized to protect patient privacy, in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and with the approval of the hospital's scientific and ethics committees. This dataset can be employed in the development of predictive models and in comparative studies of risk factors across different populations. It is important to note that the data originate from a single hospital, which may limit their representativeness at the national level.

The sustainable meeting of the global quest for ruminant intensification dictates the need to identify alternative, eco-friendly, and safe feed ingredients. In this sense, macroalgae offer a new paradigm in sustainable ruminant feed supply. This study aimed to investigate the potential of sub-Antarctic macroalgae, including Lessonia flavicans, Macrocystis pyrifera, Gigartina skottbergii, and Ulva Lactuca, regarding their chemical composition, in vitro gas production, and CH4 production. A completely randomized design consisted of a 96 h (h) incubation that included four different species and a control (alfalfa hay) with buffered rumen fluid. In vitro total gas, fermentation characteristics, and CH4 production were evaluated. The highest and the lowest crude protein (CP) contents were for U. lactuca (185.9 g/kg) and G. skottsbergi (86 g/kg), respectively (p < 0.0001). All macroalage had lower levels of natural detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) compared to alfalfa hay (p < 0.0001). The highest potential of gas production (b) was for M. pyriphera (162.8 mL gas/g DM), followed by alfalfa (119.3 mL gas/g DM). However, G. skottsbergi and M. pyriphera showed the highest dry matter degradability at 96 h (68.49 and 67.62 mg/100 mg, respectively; p < 0.0001) and microbial crude protein (679.8 and 669.8 mg/g, respectively, p < 0.0001). All four tested algae produced lower amounts of methane compared to alfalfa hay (p < 0.0001). After 24 h of incubation, M. pyriphera, L. flavicons, G. skottsbergi, and U. lactuca reduced CH4 by 99.7%, 98.6%, 92.9%, and 79.8%, respectively, when compared with the control. Also, all tested algae had lower (p = 0.0001) CH4 production (ml CH4/g Dry matter degradability, DMD) than alfalfa hay. The current results suggest that M. pyriphera and L. flavicons are promising feed additives for ruminants with eco-friendly production and acceptable CP content and DMD that could effectively mitigate CH4 emissions. Overall, these findings suggest that macroalgae hold promise as a substitute feed source for sustaining ruminant production at the onset of global warming.

Anaerobic digestion is an alternative for wastewater treatment and its effluent could be used in agricultural production because it may contain nutrients; however, its harmlessness is a limiting factor. This research evaluated the potential of a self-cleaning biodigester (SCB) effluent to increase corn and sunflower production of a school plot. The SCB was located at the Telebachillerato Comunitario in San Felipe del Progreso, State of Mexico, Mexico. A randomized block design was used with three fertilization levels of N, P and K, irrigated with SCB effluent and potable water and 3 replications. Physical, chemical and biological parameters (total and fecal coliforms, Salmonella and Escherichia coli) were evaluated in the SCB effluent before being used as fertilizer on the corn and sunflower crops. Finally, the grain yield and the harvested seeds' safety were determined. In the SCB effluent, high K and Ca, high salinity, moderate total coliforms, fecal coliforms and E. coli were observed; Salmonella was not detected. In corn and sunflower seed, 98% of total coliforms were reduced, with no presence of fecal coliforms and E. coli compared to the SCB effluent. The grain yield of sunflower irrigated with SCB effluent increased up to 72% compared to that irrigated with potable water and in corn no significant differences were found between SCB effluent and potable water irrigation.

The Atlantic Forest holds the greatest diversity of fireflies on Earth. Although the knowledge about lampyrids in the Atlantic Forest has increased in the last 10 years thanks to the efforts of new taxonomists and ecologists, both the total number of species and their geographic ranges remain largely unknown. Furthermore, the Atlantic Forest has been facing intense deforestation since the XV century, and now only 23 % of the natural vegetation cover remains, resulting in high vulnerability of its endemic species. Here, we assess the quality and coverage of the information available on the distribution of Lampyridae fireflies; i.e. the extent of the so-called Wallacean shortfall. To do this, we used a database that comprises 3010 records with geospatial and taxonomic information to evaluate the overall coverage of the geographical and environmental distribution of fireflies in the Atlantic Forest. Our assessment shows that the knowledge of Atlantic Forest's firefly diversity and distribution presents significant spatial and climatic biases. Firefly species remain largely under-collected in the Atlantic Forest; only around 16 % of its grid cells at a 50 km scale are well-sampled, and most of them are located in the Serra do Mar bioregion. The location of well-sampled cells is conditioned by recorders’ survey bias and is particularly biased towards protected areas, large forest remnants, the proximity to institutions holding entomological collections, and light-polluted sites surrounding urban spaces. Our findings also highlight that a considerable number of firefly species may remain undiscovered, which adds to the lack of reliable information on the geographic location of many valid species. Based on this assessment, we further point to areas where more sampling effort would provide maximum benefits in terms of geographical and environmental coverage, thus maximizing its value for biodiversity knowledge and conservation.

La gestión de residuos sólidos es un problema crítico que afecta a las comunidades, especialmente en áreas urbanizadas como a San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec, Oaxaca. La ineficiencia en la recolección de basura provoca la acumulación de desechos, la contaminación del suelo y del agua, y la propagación de enfermedades. Además, la falta de conciencia ambiental y la escasa participación ciudadana hacen que empeore más la situación. En Tuxtepec, se recolectan alrededor de 66,385 toneladas de basura anualmente, incluyendo los residuos de municipios vecinos, lo que exige un manejo eficiente para proteger la biodiversidad. En este proyecto se propone en optimizar las rutas de recolección mediante el uso de tecnologías y estrategias específicas, abordando factores como la densidad poblacional, la infraestructura vial y condiciones del ambiente. La implementación de estas medidas no solo mejorará la eficiencia en la gestión de residuos, sino que también fomentará un entorno más limpio y saludable.

AbstractCardiovascular drug development requires synthesizing relevant literature about indications, mechanisms, biomarkers, and outcomes. This short study investigates the performance, cost, and prompt engineering trade-offs of 3 large language models accelerating the literature screening process for cardiovascular drug development applications.

Abstract Ecology increasingly relies on a massive volume of biodiversity occurrence records to draw insights into large‐scale biogeographical, ecological and evolutionary phenomena. This often involves defining a set of criteria that guides the collection, filtering and standardising of available records. These curation processes are often neither described in detail nor well documented. This hampers the comparability and reproducibility of studies and thus undermines the robustness of any ecological result. Yet, to date, there is no guide providing a friendly way to reason and document a complete data curation process. We reviewed the available literature on data curation, including tools such as R packages and workflows. From this assessment, we created a complete guide organised into five modules that allows users to consciously select and validate occurrence records based on these curation criteria. This is presented in the user‐friendly Shiny R OCCUR application, available at https://ecoinformatic.shinyapps.io/OCCUR/. OCCUR application provides a guide for researchers to deal with the trade‐off between data certainty and coverage generated in each data curation step. An interactive graph of these changes is provided within each module. OCCUR also produces a custom‐made final report including all steps used for data filtering. This report helps to streamline the writing of the methods section of manuscripts and technical reports, thus promoting the reproducibility of data curation processes. This Shiny application provides an interactive overview of the data curation methods and their use for handling occurrence records from public repositories. It brings together the taxonomic, temporal and spatial dimensions of data and also the identification of duplicates of the records. OCCUR can be applied for multiple purposes, such as teaching R to ecologists or enhancing reproducibility of macroecology and biogeography.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder due to a dystrophin mutation and is the leading cause of muscular dystrophy. DMD presents with characteristic systemic effects, including severe muscular atrophy, cardiomyopathy, and ocular manifestations. Performing corneal refractive surgeries in patients with DMD raises concerns regarding patient positioning, risk of cataracts, and other comorbid conditions. Published reports of photorefractive keratectomy, laser-assisted in situ keratomileuses, and small incision lenticule extraction are lacking in this population. Here, we discuss a patient being evaluated for a corneal refractive surgery. This article also discusses the current understanding of DMD, known ocular manifestations, and factors to consider when evaluating a patient for potential corrective vision laser surgery.

Resumen: Objetivo: Explorar las necesidades, motivos y limitaciones hacia la alimentación saludable y hacia material digital desarrollado, así como identificar pautas para su diseño como estrategia dirigida a familias mexicanas. Diseño: Estudio cualitativo de observación del fenómeno por grupo focal. Emplazamiento: Centro público de educación primaria en la ciudad de Querétaro, México. Participantes: Menores de nueve a 11 años y padres, madres o cuidadores con hijos en centro de educación primaria. Método: Se realizaron 12 sesiones con tres grupos de escolares y dos sesiones con padres, madres o cuidadores siguiendo una guía de entrevista. Durante la sesión se presentaron diversos materiales digitales previamente creados con sustento en la teoría social cognitiva. Las sesiones se videograbaron, previo consentimiento de participantes o de sus tutores y se transcribieron para su análisis. Se realizó una codificación por puntos de análisis y se confirmó la saturación de información. Resultados: Los escolares indicaron motivarse ante el material digital que promueve el juego y experimentación, principalmente en familia. La principal barrera percibida fue la resistencia al cambio por los cuidadores principales. Los padres de familia manifestaron motivación y necesidad de material explicativo sobre enfermedades y sus barreras fueron de tipo económico y de tiempo. Conclusiones: El material digital basado en la teoría social cognitiva diseñado para mejorar la alimentación, puede ser una buena estrategia en el proceso de educación alimentaria si considera las circunstancias que vive la población objetivo. Es recomendable incluir elementos afectivos y conductuales para lograr un aprendizaje significativo en los miembros de los hogares. Abstract: Objective: To explore the needs, motivations, and limitations related to healthy eating and digital materials, as well as to identify patterns for their design as a strategy aimed at Mexican families. Design: A qualitative observational study of the phenomenon through focus group sessions. Location: A public primary education center in the city of Querétaro, Mexico. Participants: Children aged 9 to 11 years and parents, mothers, or caregivers with children in primary education. Method: Twelve sessions were conducted with three groups of students and two sessions with parents, mothers, or caregivers using an interview guide. Various digital materials, developed based on social cognitive theory, were presented during the sessions. The sessions were recorded with the participants’ or their guardians’ prior consent and transcribed for analysis. Coding was performed for key points of analysis, and information saturation was confirmed. Results: Students expressed motivation towards digital material that promotes play and experimentation, especially within the family context. The main perceived barrier was the caregivers’ resistance to change. Parents expressed motivation and a need for explanatory material on diseases, with economic and time-related barriers. Conclusions: Digital material based on social cognitive theory, designed to improve nutrition, can be an effective strategy in nutritional education if it considers the circumstances of the target population. It is advisable to include affective and behavioral elements to achieve meaningful learning within households.

Este estudio buscó mejorar la exportación de aguacate orgánico desde Carchi hacia el mercado estadounidense, con el fin de elevar la competitividad y éxito de los productores locales. Adoptando un enfoque mixto, se fusionaron métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos para obtener una comprensión completa del proceso de exportación. Cuantitativamente, se analizaron datos estadísticos sobre la producción de aguacate. Simultáneamente, se realizaron entrevistas detalladas con expertos en el campo, proporcionando valiosas perspectivas prácticas. Los resultados revelaron desafíos significativos, como la necesidad de cumplir con estándares fitosanitarios y de calidad rigurosos en el mercado estadounidense. Se identificaron oportunidades clave, como la diversificación de productos y la expansión hacia mercados internacionales adicionales. La metodología empleada permitió una comprensión completa del proceso de exportación, con los datos sometidos a análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos detallados. En conclusión, este estudio ofrece una visión integral de la exportación de aguacate orgánico desde Carchi hacia Estados Unidos. A pesar de los avances, persisten preguntas críticas que requieren investigaciones futuras, como estrategias para enfrentar las cambiantes demandas de estándares de calidad y los efectos de las fluctuaciones económicas en los precios del aguacate. Estos hallazgos brindan orientación práctica para productores y responsables políticos, permitiéndoles abordar desafíos emergentes y asegurar un futuro próspero para la industria del aguacate en Carchi.

Introduction The burden of multimorbidity is recognised increasingly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), creating a strong emphasis on the need for effective evidence-based interventions. Core outcome sets (COS) appropriate for the study of multimorbidity in LMICs do not presently exist. These are required to standardise reporting and contribute to a consistent and cohesive evidence-base to inform policy and practice. We describe the development of two COS for intervention trials aimed at preventing and treating multimorbidity in adults in LMICs.Methods To generate a comprehensive list of relevant prevention and treatment outcomes, we conducted a systematic review and qualitative interviews with people with multimorbidity and their caregivers living in LMICs. We then used a modified two-round Delphi process to identify outcomes most important to four stakeholder groups (people with multimorbidity/caregivers, multimorbidity researchers, healthcare professionals and policymakers) with representation from 33 countries. Consensus meetings were used to reach agreement on the two final COS. Registration: https://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/1580.Results The systematic review and qualitative interviews identified 24 outcomes for prevention and 49 for treatment of multimorbidity. An additional 12 prevention and 6 treatment outcomes were added from Delphi round 1. Delphi round 2 surveys were completed by 95 of 132 round 1 participants (72.0%) for prevention and 95 of 133 (71.4%) participants for treatment outcomes. Consensus meetings agreed four outcomes for the prevention COS: (1) adverse events, (2) development of new comorbidity, (3) health risk behaviour and (4) quality of life; and four for the treatment COS: (1) adherence to treatment, (2) adverse events, (3) out-of-pocket expenditure and (4) quality of life.Conclusion Following established guidelines, we developed two COS for trials of interventions for multimorbidity prevention and treatment, specific to adults in LMIC contexts. We recommend their inclusion in future trials to meaningfully advance the field of multimorbidity research in LMICs.PROSPERO registration number CRD42020197293.

En México, el Derecho a la Cultura se reconoce en un sólido marco jurídico; sin embargo, las acciones para asegurar su ejercicio son limitadas. Considerando que las escuelas y los museos son un referente en la promoción de actividades culturales para las infancias y sus familias, esta investigación tiene como objetivo generar un diagnóstico sobre las experiencias museales del profesorado de educación básica en Ciudad Juárez, que permita identificar los desafíos para el diseño de estrategias de mediación entre el museo y la escuela. Para el estudio, se recurrió a la investigación-acción cooperativa, cuyo rasgo distintivo es la colaboración de diversas personas provenientes de dos o más instituciones, a fin de resolver problemas de la práctica pedagógica mediante itinerarios formativos. Así, se recuperó la experiencia personal y docente de nueve profesoras en servicio que desempeñan diversas funciones en diferentes instituciones de la ciudad. Se concluye que el museo aparece como un recuerdo positivo en la memoria personal del profesorado, así como una experiencia formativa en el repertorio de actividades docentes, que permite abordar desde contenidos oficiales hasta problemáticas que pueden ser interpretados por los estudiantes a partir de sus contextos.

El presente artículo tiene como propósito explorar las formas de interpretación de la enfermedad entre los rarámuri. Mediante entrevistas y observación en distintos periodos de trabajo de campo intentamos dar cuenta de que, a padecimientos como la tuberculosis, la diabetes o la hipertensión, se suman sintomatologías corpóreas y anímicas –entre otras, las producidas por el susto– que, para los rarámuri, son una enfermedad del alma, que afecta gravemente al cuerpo, perturbando su estabilidad y equilibrio físico. Intentamos mostrar que para los rarámuri los efectos de la covid-19 tuvieron menor impacto, debido a la dispersión de los asentamientos y, al mismo tiempo, encontramos que para los rarámuri las diversas interpretaciones de la enfermedad y sus efectos estuvieron ligados a su propia imagen del mundo, debido a que aún emplean métodos tradicionales de prevención y de curación de las enfermedades.

Background. Corn (Zea mays L.) silage is the most widely used energy resource in dairy cattle diets worldwide, standing out mainly for its higher biomass yields, good palatability, homogeneous quality at harvest and ease of ensiling due to higher soluble sugar content, with respect to other grasses. Objective. To make a systematic review of the characteristics of silage production, its chemical composition, and its potential milk production in different parts of the world, according to the data obtained. Methodology. A search for studies on the production and chemical composition of maize silage was carried out worldwide. For this purpose, a search for information was carried out in the following databases, published between 2000 and 2020.The potential milk yield per hectare (kg milk/ha) was calculated using the MILK2006® program. To analyze the relationship between all variables a multivariate analysis approach was used implementing a Factorial Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD). Main Findings. The overall maize silage yield median is 12.55 ton DM/ha, median density 80,000 plants per hectare. Median dry matter (DM) is 30.5 g/100 g DM, with median dry matter digestibility (DMD) 66.6 g/100 g DM. The median TDN is 64.7 g/100 g DM, producing a median of 506 kg milk/ton DM and 22968 kg milk/ha. Asia had the highest DM Yield/ton ha and DMD (P < 0.001) followed by Europe, and North America. No differences by continent (P > 0.05) were found in TDN, kg milk/ton DM and kg milk/ha. Asia and North America continent had the best silage characteristics (DM and DMD), but this did not affect milk production being similar among continents. Implications. The analysis was limited to published scientific contributions only, however, not all the articles in the survey could be used, because they did not meet the criteria for inclusion. Conclusion. The Asian and North American continents had the best silage characteristics (DM and DMD), but this did not affect milk production using the MILK2006® programme, being similar between continents.

Las necesidades de proteína de origen animal crecen exponencialmente. La productividad de la ganadería bovina está basada en la eficiencia reproductiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la somatotropina bovina en el desempeño reproductivo en vacas sincronizadas para inseminación artificial (IA) y transferencia de embriones (TE). El estudio se realizó al norte del estado de Veracruz, en los municipios de Tamiahua y Tuxpan. Se utilizaron 38 vacas multíparas beefmaster sin becerro para el estudio de IA y 80 vacas F1 (Brahman x suizo) con y sin becerro para TE. Las vacas fueron asignadas: 1) Control y 2) Somatotropina (500.0 mg). Las vacas para IA fueron inseminadas a tiempo fijo y las receptoras fueron transferidas el día 7 después del estro sincronizado, si presentaban cuerpo lúteo (CL). La presencia de CL y el diagnóstico de gestación se realizó utilizando ultrasonografía. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó STATISTICA 7. Las vacas IA con somatotropina tuvieron mayor (P

Incomplete species inventories for Antarctica represent a key challenge for comprehensive ecological research and conservation in the region. Additionally, data required to understand population dynamics, rates of evolution, spatial ranges, functional traits, physiological tolerances and species interactions, all of which are fundamental to disentangle the different functional elements of Antarctic biodiversity, are mostly missing. However, much of the fauna, flora and microbiota in the emerged ice-free land of the continent have an uncertain presence and/or unresolved status, with entire biodiversity compendia of prokaryotic groups (e.g. bacteria) being missing. All the available biodiversity information requires consolidation, cross-validation, re-assessment and steady systematic inclusion in order to create a robust catalogue of biodiversity for the continent.We compiled, completed and revised eukaryotic species inventories present in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems in Antarctica in a new living database: terrANTALife (version 1.0). The database includes the first integration in a compendium for many groups of eukaryotic microorganisms. We also introduce a first catalogue of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of prokaryotic biodiversity. Available compendia and literature to date were searched for Antarctic terrestrial and freshwater species, integrated, taxonomically harmonised and curated by experts to create comprehensive checklists of Antarctic organisms. The final inventories comprises 470 animal species (including vertebrates, free-living invertebrates and parasites), 306 plants (including all Viridiplantae: embryophytes and green algae), 997 fungal species and 434 protists (sensu lato). We also provide a first account for many groups of microorganisms, including non-lichenised fungi and multiple groups of eukaryotic unicellular species (Stramenophila, Alveolata and Rhizaria (SAR), Chromists and Amoeba), jointly referred to as "protists". In addition, we identify 1753 bacterial (obtained from 348117 ASVs) and 34 archaeal genera (from 1848 ASVs), as well as, at least, 14 virus families. We formulate a basic tree of life in Antarctica with the main lineages listed in the region and their “known-accepted-species” numbers.