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1. Chronic respiratory diseases in developing countries: the burden and strategies for prevention and management

Author

Aït-Khaled Nadia, Enarson Donald, and Bousquet Jean

Subjects
Lung diseases, Obstructive/economics, Lung diseases, Obstructive/prevention and control, Lung diseases, Obstructive/epidemiology, Asthma/economics, Asthma/prevention and control, Asthma/epidemiology, Cost of illness, Smoking cessation, Essential drugs, Developing countries, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

In developing countries, chronic respiratory diseases represent a challenge to public health because of their frequency, severity, projected trends, and economic impact. Health care planners, for example, are faced with a dramatic increase in tobacco use and must establish priorities for the allocation of limited resources. Nevertheless, smoking prevention and standardized management programmes for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should be implemented in developing countries whenever possible. International measures will be required to reverse tobacco smoking trends, and international agencies could define essential drugs and equipment and encourage the use of generic drugs, particularly for corticosteroids inhaled at high dosages. For such programmes to be effective, producers of high-quality generics will need to be identified, and the medications added to national lists of essential drugs and included in procurement procedures. Other recommendations for alleviating the burden of chronic respiratory diseases in developing countries are: adapting guidelines to local contexts and ensuring their distribution; upgrading equipment at district level; purchasing high-quality drugs at low prices; routine training and supervision of health services personnel; and regular monitoring of performance. Social mobilization by professional societies, nongovernmental organizations, and the mass media will also increase government commitment to tobacco control and standardized case management.

Published
2001

2. Prevalence of chronic cough, its risk factors and population attributable risk in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study: a multinational cross-sectional study

Author

Hafizi, Hasan, Aliko, Anila, Bardhi, Donika, Tafa, Holta, Thanasi, Natasha, Mezini, Arian, Teferici, Alma, Todri, Dafina, Nikolla, Jolanda, Kazasi, Rezarta, Cherkaski, Hamid Hacene, Bengrait, Amira, Haddad, Tabarek, Zgaoula, Ibtissem, Ghit, Maamar, Roubhia, Abdelhamid, Boudra, Soumaya, Atoui, Feryal, Yakoubi, Randa, Benali, Rachid, Bencheikh, Abdelghani, Ait-Khaled, Nadia, Jenkins, Christine, Marks, Guy, Bird, Tessa, Espinel, Paola, Hardaker, Kate, Toelle, Brett, Studnicka, Michael, Dawes, Torkil, Lamprecht, Bernd, Schirhofer, Lea, Islam, Akramul, Ahmed, Syed Masud, Islam, Shayla, Islam, Qazi Shafayetul, Mesbah-Ul-Haque, Chowdhury, Tridib Roy, Chatterjee, Sukantha Kumar, Mia, Dulal, Chandra Das, Shyamal, Rahman, Mizanur, Islam, Nazrul, Uddin, Shahaz, Islam, Nurul, Khatun, Luiza, Parvin, Monira, Khan, Abdul Awal, Islam, Maidul, Lawin, Herve, Kpangon, Arsene, Kpossou, Karl, Agodokpessi, Gildas, Ayelo, Paul, Fayomi, Benjamin, Mbatchou, Bertrand, Ashu, Atongno Humphrey, Tan, Wan C., Wang, Wen, Zhong, NanShan, Liu, Shengming, Lu, Jiachun, Ran, Pixin, Wang, Dali, Zheng, Jin-ping, Zhou, Yumin, Jogi, Rain, Laja, Hendrik, Ulst, Katrin, Zobel, Vappu, Lill, Toomas-Julius, Adegnika, Ayola Akim, Welte, Tobias, Bodemann, Isabelle, Geldmacher, Henning, SchwedaLinow, Alexandra, Gislason, Thorarinn, Benedikdtsdottir, Bryndis, Jorundsdottir, Kristin, Lovisa Gudmundsdottir, Gudmundsdottir, Sigrun, Gudmundsson, Gunnar, Rao, Mahesh, Koul, Parvaiz A., Malik, Sajjad, Hakim, Nissar A., Khan, Umar Hafiz, Chowgule, Rohini, Shetye, Vasant, Raphael, Jonelle, Almeda, Rosel, Tawde, Mahesh, Tadvi, Rafiq, Katkar, Sunil, Kadam, Milind, Dhanawade, Rupesh, Ghurup, Umesh, Juvekar, Sanjay, Hirve, Siddhi, Sambhudas, Somnath, Chaidhary, Bharat, Tambe, Meera, Pingale, Savita, Umap, Arati, Umap, Archana, Shelar, Nitin, Devchakke, Sampada, Chaudhary, Sharda, Bondre, Suvarna, Walke, Savita, Gawhane, Ashleshsa, Sapkal, Anil, Argade, Rupali, Gaikwad, Vijay, Salvi, Sundeep, Brashier, Bill, Londhe, Jyoti, Madas, Sapna, Aquart-Stewart, Althea, Aikman, Akosua Francia, Sooronbaev, Talant M., Estebesova, Bermet M., Akmatalieva, Meerim, Usenbaeva, Saadat, Kydyrova, Jypara, Bostonova, Eliza, Sheraliev, Ulan, Marajapov, Nuridin, Toktogulova, Nurgul, Emilov, Berik, Azilova, Toktogul, Beishekeeva, Gulnara, Dononbaeva, Nasyikat, Tabyshova, Aijamal, Mortimer, Kevin, Nyapigoti, Wezzie, Mwangoka, Ernest, Kambwili, Mayamiko, Chipeta, Martha, Banda, Gloria, Mkandawire, Suzgo, Banda, Justice, Loh, Li-Cher, Rashid, Abdul, Sholehah, Siti, Benjelloun, Mohamed C., Nejjari, Chakib, Elbiaze, Mohamed, El Rhazi, Karima, Wouters, E.F.M., Wesseling, G.J., Obaseki, Daniel, Erhabor, Gregory, Awopeju, Olayemi, Adewole, Olufemi, Gulsvik, Amund, Endresen, Tina, Svendsen, Lene, Nafees, Asaad A., Irfan, Muhammad, Fatmi, Zafar, Zahidie, Aysha, Shaukat, Natasha, Iqbal, Meesha, Idolor, Luisito F., de Guia, Teresita S., Francisco, Norberto A., Roa, Camilo C., Ayuyao, Fernando G., Tady, Cecil Z., Tan, Daniel T., Banal-Yang, Sylvia, Balanag, Vincent M., Jr., Reyes, Maria Teresita N., Dantes, Renato B., Amarillo, Lourdes, Berratio, Lakan U., Fernandez, Lenora C., Garcia, Gerard S., Naval, Sullian S., Reyes, Thessa, Roa, Camilo C., Jr., Sanchez, Flordeliza, Simpao, Leander P., Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, Ewa, Frey, Jakub, Harat, Rafal, Mejza, Filip, Nastalek, Pawel, Pajak, Andrzej, Skucha, Wojciech, Szczeklik, Andrzej, Twardowska, Magda, Barbara, Cristina, Rodrigues, Fatima, Dias, Herminia, Cardoso, Joao, Almeida, João, Matos, Maria Joao, Simão, Paula, Santos, Moutinho, Ferreira, Reis, Al Ghobain, M., Alorainy, H., El-Hamad, E., Al Hajjaj, M., Hashi, A., Dela, R., Fanuncio, R., Doloriel, E., Marciano, I., Safia, L., Bateman, Eric, Jithoo, Anamika, Adams, Desiree, Barnes, Edward, Freeman, Jasper, Hayes, Anton, Hlengwa, Sipho, Johannisen, Christine, Koopman, Mariana, Louw, Innocentia, Ludick, Ina, Olckers, Alta, Ryck, Johanna, Storbeck, Janita, Gunasekera, Kirthi, Wickremasinghe, Rajitha, Elsony, Asma, Elsadig, Hana A., Osman, Nada Bakery, Noory, Bandar Salah, Mohamed, Monjda Awad, Akasha Ahmed Osman, Hasab Alrasoul, Moham ed Elhassan, Namarig, El Zain, Abdel Mu’is, Mohamaden, Marwa Mohamed, Khalifa, Suhaiba, Elhadi, Mahmoud, Hassan, Mohand, Abdelmonam, Dalia, Janson, Christer, Olafsdottir, Inga Sif, Nisser, Katarina, SpetzNystrom, Ulrike, Hagg, Gunilla, Lund, GunMarie, Seemungal, Terence, Lutchmansingh, Fallon, Conyette, Liane, Harrabi, Imed, Denguezli, Myriam, Tabka, Zouhair, Daldoul, Hager, Boukheroufa, Zaki, Chouikha, Firas, Khalifa, Wahbi Belhaj, Kocabas, Ali, Hancioglu, Attila, Hanta, Ismail, Kuleci, Sedat, Turkyilmaz, Ahmet Sinan, Umut, Sema, Unalan, Turgay, Burney, Peter G.J., Gnatiuc, Louisa, Azar, Hadia, Patel, Jaymini, Amor, Caron, Potts, James, Tumilty, Michael, McLean, Fiona, Dudhaiya, Risha, Buist, A. Sonia, McBurnie, Mary Ann, Vollmer, William M., Gillespie, Suzanne, Sullivan, Sean, Lee, Todd A., Weiss, Kevin B., Jensen, Robert L., Crapo, Robert, Enright, Paul, Mannino, David M., Cain, John, Copeland, Rebecca, Hazen, Dana, Methvin, Jennifer, Abozid, Hazim, Burney, Peter, Hartl, Sylvia, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Al Ghobain, Mohammed, Denguezli, Meriam, Loh, Li Cher, Paraguas, Stefanni Nonna, Franssen, Frits M.E., Mannino, David, Anand, Mahesh Padukudru, Buist, Sonia, El Sony, Asma, Breyer, Marie-Kathrin, Burghuber, Otto C., Wouters, Emiel F.M., and Amaral, Andre F.S.

Published
2024
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3. Which population level environmental factors are associated with asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema? Review of the ecological analyses of ISAAC Phase One

Author

Asher M Innes, Stewart Alistair W, Mallol Javier, Montefort Stephen, Lai Christopher KW, Aït-Khaled Nadia, and Odhiambo Joseph

Subjects
Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Abstract The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase One showed large worldwide variations in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema, up to 10 to 20 fold between countries. Ecological analyses were undertaken with ISAAC Phase One data to explore factors that may have contributed to these variations, and are summarised and reviewed here. In ISAAC Phase One the prevalence of symptoms in the past 12 months of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema were estimated from studies in 463,801 children aged 13 - 14 years in 155 centres in 56 countries, and in 257,800 children aged 6-7 years in 91 centres in 38 countries. Ecological analyses were undertaken between symptom prevalence and the following: Gross National Product per capita (GNP), food intake, immunisation rates, tuberculosis notifications, climatic factors, tobacco consumption, pollen, antibiotic sales, paracetamol sales, and outdoor air pollution. Symptom prevalence of all three conditions was positively associated with GNP, trans fatty acids, paracetamol, and women smoking, and inversely associated with food of plant origin, pollen, immunisations, tuberculosis notifications, air pollution, and men smoking. The magnitude of these associations was small, but consistent in direction between conditions. There were mixed associations of climate and antibiotic sales with symptom prevalence. The potential causality of these associations warrant further investigation. Factors which prevent the development of these conditions, or where there is an absence of a positive correlation at a population level may be as important from the policy viewpoint as a focus on the positive risk factors. Interventions based on small associations may have the potential for a large public health benefit.

Published
2010
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4. Uniform definition of asthma severity, control, and exacerbations: Document presented for the World Health Organization Consultation on Severe Asthma

Author

Bousquet, Jean, Mantzouranis, Eva, Cruz, Alvaro A., Aït-Khaled, Nadia, Baena-Cagnani, Carlos E., Bleecker, Eugene R., Brightling, Chris E., Burney, Peter, Bush, Andrew, Busse, William W., Casale, Thomas B., Chan-Yeung, Moira, Chen, Rongchang, Chowdhury, Badrul, Chung, Kian Fan, Dahl, Ronald, Drazen, Jeffrey M., Fabbri, Leonardo M., Holgate, Stephen T., Kauffmann, Francine, Haahtela, Tari, Khaltaev, Nikolaï, Kiley, James P., Masjedi, Mohammad R., Mohammad, Yousser, O'Byrne, Paul, Partridge, Martyn R., Rabe, Klaus F., Togias, Alkis, van Weel, Christiaan, Wenzel, Sally, Zhong, Nanshan, and Zuberbier, Torsten

Published
2010
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7. Worldwide variations in prevalence of symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in children: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)

Author

Strachan, David, Sibbald, Bonnie, Weiland, Stephan, Aït-Khaled, Nadia, Anabwani, Gabriel, Anderson, H. Ross, Asher, M. Innes, Beasley, Richard, Björkstén, Bengt, Burr, Michael, Clayton, Tadd, Crane, Julian, Ellwood, Philippa, Keil, Ulrich, Lai, Christopher, Mallol, Javier, Martinez, Fernando, Mitchell, Edwin, Montefort, Stephen, Pearce, Neil, Robertson, Colin, Shah, Jayant, Stewart, Alistair, von Mutius, Erika, and Williams, Hywel

Published
1997

8. Worldwide variations in the prevalence of symptoms of atopic eczema in the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood

Author

Williams, Hywel, Robertson, Colin, Stewart, Alistair, Aït-Khaled, Nadia, Anabwani, Gabriel, Anderson, Ross, Asher, Innes, Beasley, Richard, Björkstén, Bengt, Burr, Michael, Clayton, Tadd, Crane, Julian, Ellwood, Philippa, Keil, Ulrich, Lai, Chris, Mallol, Javier, Martinez, Fernando, Mitchell, Edwin, Montefort, Stephen, Pearce, Neil, Shah, Jayant, Sibbald, Bonnie, Strachan, David, von Mutius, Erika, and Weiland, Stephan K.

Published
1999
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9. Assessment of a revolving drug fund for essential asthma medicines in Benin.

Author

Agodokpessi, Gildas, Aït-Khaled, Nadia, Gninafon, Martin, Tawo, Leon, Bekou, Wilfried, Perrin, Christophe, Bissell, Karen, Billo, Nils, Enarson, Donald A., and Chen-Yuan Chiang

Subjects
*ASTHMA treatment, *ANTIASTHMATIC agents, *DRUG therapy for asthma, *DRUG prices, *ADRENOCORTICAL hormones, *HORMONE therapy
Abstract

Objectives: Benin established a revolving drug fund (RDF) for essential asthma medicines in 2008. We evaluated the operation of the RDF and assessed whether there was interruption of supply of asthma medicine from 2008 to 2013. Methods: We reviewed the process in establishing the RDF. We assessed cost and sale price of asthma medicines, expenditure of the RDF in procuring asthma medicines and other tools, revenue generated by sales of medicines to patients, and balance of capital as of 31 January 2013. We investigated whether there was interruption of supply of essential asthma medicines from 2008-2013. Results: The total amount of grants initially injected into the RDF was 24,101€. As of 31 January 2013, the capital of the RDF, including the deposit in the RDF bank account (8,114€) and the value of inhalers in stock (12,172€), was equivalent to 20,586€, slightly less than the initial capital (24,101€). The decrease of capital was mainly because a number of inhalers were expired or provided free-of-charge (6,091€) and because part of the fund was used to procure other elements required for the management of asthma (4,338€). Thanks to a RDF, Benin maintained an uninterrupted supply of essential asthma medicines in asthma pilot sites from 2008-2013. Conclusion: The Benin experience demonstrated that in countries where universal health coverage was not yet in place, establishment of a RDF may help maintain an uninterrupted supply of essential medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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11. Patient-led active tuberculosis case-finding in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Author

André, Emmanuel, Rusumba, Olivier, Evans, Carlton A., Ngongo, Philippe, Sanduku, Pasteur, Elvis, Marhegane Munguakonkwa, Celestin, Habimana Ndwanyi, Alain, Ishara Rusumba, Musafiri, Eric Mulume, Kabuayi, Jean-Pierre, de Waroux, Olivier le Polain, Aït-Khaled, Nadia, Delmée, Michel, and Zech, Francis

Subjects
*TUBERCULOSIS diagnosis, *TUBERCULOSIS risk factors, *TUBERCULOSIS treatment, *COUGH, *HEALTH services accessibility, *MEDICAL care costs, *MEDICAL screening, *NONPROFIT organizations, *RISK assessment, *TUBERCULOSIS, *PATIENT-centered care, *SELF diagnosis, TUBERCULOSIS transmission
Abstract

Objective To investigate the effect of using volunteer screeners in active tuberculosis case-finding in South Kivu, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, especially among groups at high risk of tuberculosis infection. Methods To identify and screen high-risk groups in remote communities, we trained volunteer screeners, mainly those who had themselves received treatment for tuberculosis or had a family history of the disease. A non-profit organization was created and screeners received training on the disease and its transmission at 3-day workshops. Screeners recorded the number of people screened, reporting a prolonged cough and who attended a clinic for testing, as well as test results. Data were evaluated every quarter during the 3-year period of the intervention (2014-2016). Findings Acceptability of the intervention was high. Volunteers screened 650 434 individuals in their communities, 73 418 of whom reported a prolonged cough; 50 368 subsequently attended a clinic for tuberculosis testing. Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 1 in 151 people screened, costing 0.29 United States dollars (US$) per person screened and US$ 44 per person diagnosed. Although members of high-risk groups with poorer access to health care represented only 5.1% (33 002/650 434) of those screened, they contributed 19.7% (845/4300) of tuberculosis diagnoses (1 diagnosis per 39 screened). The intervention resulted in an additional 4300 sputum-smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis diagnoses, 42% (4 300/10 247) of the provincial total for that period. Conclusion Patient-led active tuberculosis case-finding represents a valuable complement to traditional case-finding, and should be used to assist health systems in the elimination of tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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