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Ensuring stability of the excavation surface when using the shield method during tunnel excavation is crucial to achieve engineering goals related to project progress and quality. Insufficient research has been conducted on multi-objective optimal control when considering excavation surface stability. The excavation efficiency was selected as the indicator of project progress and the maximum ground settlement resulting from shield tunnelling activities was selected as the indicator of project quality. The stratified sequencing method and NSGA-II multi-objective optimization algorithm were used to explore multi-objective optimization pertaining to shield excavation surface stability. The research sets the shield excavation surface stability as the first layer objective and the project progress, and project quality as the second layer objectives. The technique was implemented in a construction tunnel segment that traverses embankment, open area, and sensitive building areas indefinitely. The findings demonstrate that the refined shield pressure remains within the upper and lower boundary thresholds, thereby boosting construction efficacy and mitigating max ground settlement. This approach enables the refinement and optimization of control strategies in response to prevailing working conditions adaptively, enhancing adaptability and flexibility. It also offers guidance and serves as a point of reference for similar shield tunnel projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the pathogenicity of Exophiala dermatitidis melanin in Galleria mellonella infection model. Methods Melanin of albino strain of Exophiala dermatitidis was restored by co-culture with E. dermatitidis (mel3). The G. mellonella were infected with albino, melanized strtain, and melanin restored albino strain. Survival rate, macromorphological and histopathological changes of larvae were observed under the optimal infection concentration. Results The melanin production was restored in albino strain of Exophiala dermatitidis, and conidia at a concentration of 1×107/mL was the optimal infection concentration. At the end of observation, the albino strain displayed lower survival rate compared to both the melanized stain (χ²=6.11,P=0.013) and melanin restored albino strain (χ²=6.37,P=0.010). However, the survival rates did not differ significantly between melanized and melanin restored albino strain (χ²=0.01,P=0.940). Histopathological examination revealed that the melanized strain and melanin restored albino strain attracted aggregation of more Galleria mellonella hemocytes, forming larger infectious nodules in comparison to albino strains. Conclusions In the infection model of Galleria mellonella, the albino strain shows stronger pathogenicity than the melanized strain. Restoration of melanin of albino strain can reverse the pathogenicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the application effects of online teaching practice of Basic Nursing based on Tencent classroom, MOOC, Rain Classroom and QQ group. Methods A total of 733 nursing students of academic year 2018 were investigated by online questionnaire, and the effective recovery rate of the questionnaire was 100. 00%. Results The survey found that 12. 01% of the students had noisy classroom environment, the number of students with weak network signal was 20. 05%, 22. 73% of the students thought that the network was the most important factor affecting online learning, 58. 39% of the students had general classroom interaction, 70. 12% of the students thought their autonomous learning ability is average, 63. 98% of the students had general ability to search and integrate information online. 91. 95% of the students were very satisfied with the online teaching mode of "Four Combinations", and their test scores were ideal. Conclusion Students were generally satisfied with the online teaching mode of "Four Combinations", but it was still necessary to improve the online teaching environment, strengthen the effect of classroom interaction and cultivate students' autonomous learning ability. The new online teaching mode of Basic Nursing Courses in macroteaching could provide reference for the effective implementation of online teaching. (目的 探讨腾讯课堂、MOOC、雨课堂和QQ群“四结合”在线教学模式在大班制《护理学基础》理论课中的应用效果。方法 对桂林医学院2018级护理专业学生733人进行“四结合”在线教学, 采用网络问卷调查学生学情。结果 12. 01%的学生认为上课环境是嘈杂的, 20. 05%学生反映网络信号弱, 22. 73%的学生认为网络是影响在线学习最主要的因素; 58. 39%的学生认为课堂互动一般; 70. 26%的学生反映自主学习能力一般; 63. 98%的学生反映网上搜索整合信息能力一般。91. 95%的学生对“四结合“在线教学模式感到非常满意, 本科生考试成绩平均分94. 37分, 高职生考试成绩平均90. 93分, 考核成绩理想。结论 学生对“四结合”的在线教学模式总体满意, 但仍需要改善网络教学环境、加强课堂互动效果和培养学生自主学习能力。通过充分的课前准备、创新教学设计、完善教学评价, 构建的大班制《护理学基础课程》在线教学新模式, 能为有效实施在线教学提供借鉴。)

Objective To observe the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) silencing on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pyroptosis in alveolar macrophages, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods MH-S alveolar macrophage cell lines (MH-S cells for short) in the logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into the Control siRNA group (transfected with Control siRNA), DPP-4 siRNA group (transfected with DPP-4 siRNA), Control siRNA+LPS group (transfected with Control siRNA and then were added with LPS), and DPP-4 siRNA+LPS group (transfected with DPP-4 siRNA and then were added with LPS), respectively. The cell morphology of each group was observed under an inverted microscope, the proliferative viability of cells was assessed by CCK-8 method, the cytotoxicity of cells was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay kit (expressed as LDH release), and the cell death proportion was detected by Calcein-AM/PI double staining method (expressed as PI positive cell rate）. The relative protein expression levels of NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase p20 (Caspase-1 p20), N-Gasdermin D (GSDMD-N) and inflammatory cytokines interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in pyroptosis pathway were detected by Western blotting (WB）. MH-S cells in the logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into the Control siRNA+LPS group (transfected with Control siRNA and then were added with LPS), DPP-4 siRNA + LPS group (transfected with DPP-4 siRNA and then were added with LPS), Control siRNA+SB203580+LPS group (transfected with Control siRNA and then were added with p38 inhibitor SB203580 and LPS), and DPP-4 siRNA+SB203580+LPS group (transfected with DPP-4 siRNA and then were added with p38 inhibitor SB203580 and LPS）. The activation of p38 and the expression levels of pyroptosisrelated proteins were detected by WB. Results There was no pyroptosis in cells of the Control siRNA group. A small number of cells showed pyroptosis in the DPP-4 siRNA group. A large number of cells showed pyroptosis in the Control siRNA + LPS group and the DPP-4 siRNA + LPS group, and the pyroptosis manifestation was more obvious in the DPP-4 siRNA + LPS group. The cell proliferation activity decreased successively in the Control siRNA group, the DPP-4 siRNA group, the Control siRNA + LPS group, and the DPP-4 siRNA + LPS group. The LDH release amount, the PI positive cell rate, and the relative expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 p20, GSDMD-N, IL-18, and IL-1β proteins in cells all increased successively； significant difference was found between groups (all P<0. 05）. Compared with the DPP-4 siRNA + LPS treatment group, the relative expression levels of p-p38/p38, p-NF-κB/NF-κB, NLRP3, Caspase-1 p20, and GSDMD-N proteins decreased in the Control siRNA + LPS treatment group, the Control siRNA + SB203580 + LPS treatment group, and the DPP-4 siRNA + SB203580 + LPS treatment group, and the decrease was more significant in the Control siRNA + SB203580 + LPS treatment group and the DPP-4 siRNA + SB203580 + LPS treatment group (all P<0. 05）. Conclusion DPP-4 silencing can promote LPS-induced pyroptosis of MH-S cells, which may be related to the initiation of NLRP3 inflammasome formation and the release of inflammatory cytokines by promoting phosphorylation of p38 and NFκB, thereby regulating the Caspase-1-mediated classical pyroptosis pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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为研究型钢混凝土暗梁的受弯和受剪性能,分别进行了6个试件的受弯试验和6个试件的受剪试验。试验着重研究了不同型钢截面尺寸、暗梁截面高度和型钢截面类型(蜂窝式型钢和实腹式型钢)对试件破坏形态、受弯承载力、受剪承载力的影响规律。试验结果表明:受弯试验中,所有试件均表现出良好的受弯性能,延性较好,蜂窝式型钢对试件的变形能力和受弯承载能力影响较小。受剪试验中,所有试件的剪切延性良好,但蜂窝式型钢弱化了型钢混凝土暗梁的抗剪能力。在试验结果的基础上,给出了型钢混凝土暗梁的受弯承载力计算公式,并提出了型钢混凝土暗梁的受剪承载力计算公式,计算结果精度较高,可用于该形式下暗梁的受弯和受剪承载力计算。

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Objective To observe the polarization of alveolar macrophages and the activation of JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway in mice transfected with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) siRNA or (and) added with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (SP600125) . Methods Mouse alveolar macrophages (MH-S) were cultured in vitro and randomly grouped into： control group (transfected with empty siRNA), siDPP-4 group (transfected with DPP-4 siRNA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (transfected with empty siRNA+ LPS), siDPP-4+LPS group (transfected with DPP-4 siRNA+ LPS), LPS+SP600125 group (transfected with empty siRNA+ LPS combined with SP600125), and siDPP-4+LPS+ SP600125 group (transfected with DPP-4 siRNA+ LPS combined with SP600125), respectively. The expression levels of M1 and M2 polarization markers CD86 and CD206 proteins and the phosphorylation of JNK and activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription proteins (c-Jun and c-Fos) in macrophages were detected by Western blotting, the mRNA levels of M1 markers [CD86, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, iNOS, IL-1β] and M2 markers [CD206, arginine kinase-1 (ARG-1), IL-4, IL-10] in macrophages were detected by RT-qPCR, and M1 proinflammatory factor NO and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in macrophage supernatant were detected by nitric oxide (NO) assay kit and immunofluorescence, respectively. Results Compared with the control group, the production of M1 proinflammatory factors NO and ROS, and the expression levels of M1 polarization markers (CD86 protein and CD86, TNF-α, iNOS, IL-1β mRNA) increased, and the expression levels of M2 polarization markers (CD206 protein and CD206, ARG-1, IL-4, IL-10 mRNA) decreased in the LPS group (all P<0. 05) . Compared with the LPS group, the production of M1 proinflammatory factors NO and ROS, and the expression levels of M1 polarization markers (CD86 protein and CD86, TNF- α, iNOS, IL-1β mRNA) increased, and the expression levels of M2 polarization markers (CD206 protein and CD206, ARG-1, IL-4, IL10 mRNA) decreased in the siDPP-4+LPS group (all P<0. 05) . Compared with the LPS group, the relative expression levels of p-JNK/JNK, p-c-Jun/c-Jun and p-c-Fos/c-Fos protein phosphorylation increased in the siDPP-4 +LPS group (all P< 0. 05) . Compared with the siDPP-4+LPS group, the relative expression levels of p-JNK/JNK, p-c-Jun/c-Jun, p-c-Fos/cFos protein phosphorylation decreased in the siDPP-4+LPS+SP600125 group (all P<0. 05) . Conclusions Transfection of DPP-4 siRNA can promote the M1 polarization of mouse alveolar macrophages induced by LPS, inhibit the M2 polarization of alveolar macrophages, and increase the phosphorylation expression of JNK, c-Jun and c-Fos proteins. Addition of JNK inhibitor may reduce the increase in phosphorylation expression of JNK, c-Jun and c-Fos proteins caused by transfection of DPP-4 siRNA. The mechanism of DPP-4 siRNA transfection promoting M1 polarization in mouse alveolar macrophages induced by LPS may be related to the activation of JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To explore the influencing factors of total resection for petroclival meningiomas. Methods The clinical data of 57 patients with petroclival meningioma who underwent surgery in Wuhan Brain Hospital from January 2011 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test the influencing factors of total resection, and the KPS before and after surgery was compared. Results Among 57 patients, 35 had complete tumor resection and 22 had incomplete tumor resection, with a total resection rate of 61.40%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tumor texture, diameter, tumor blood supply and invasion of cavernous sinus were independent influencing factors of total resection of petroclival meningioma (P<0.05). The average preoperative KPS score was 83.51, and the average follow-up KPS score was 87.34. KPS improved significantly in patients with severe brain stem compression (P<0.05). Conclusions Total resection of meningiomas in the petroclival region can reduce recurrence and improve functional prognosis. Tumor texture, size, invasion of the cavernous sinus, compression of the brain stem, abundant blood supply of the tumor surrounded by blood vessels and nerves, and the choice of surgical approaches are important factors affecting total tumor resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We report on our discovery of the radio pulsar, PSR J2016+3711, in supernova remnant (SNR) CTB 87, with a ∼10.8σ significance of pulses, which confirms the compact nature of the X-ray point source in CTB 87. It is the first pulsar discovered in SNRs using Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). Its integrated radio pulse profile can be well described by a single component, with a width at 50 per cent of the peak flux density of about 28.1○ and an effective width of about 32.2○. The mean flux density at 1.25 GHz is estimated to be about 15.5  |$\mu$| Jy. Combined with the non-detection of the radio pulse at lower frequencies, the radio spectral index of the pulsar is constrained to be ≲2.3. We also present the timing solution based on 28 follow-up FAST observations. Our results reveal a period of 50.81 ms, period derivative of 7.2 × 10−14 s s−1, and dispersion measure of 428 pc cm−3. The strength of the equatorial surface magnetic dipole magnetic field is inferred to be about 1.9 × 1012 G. Using the ephemeris obtained from the radio observations, we searched Fermi -LAT data for gamma-ray pulsations but detected no pulsed signal. We also searched for radio pulses with FAST towards the X-ray counterpart of the gamma-ray binary HESS J1832−093 proximate to SNR G22.7−00.2 but found no signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To investigate the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the assessment of white matter injury (WMI) and neurodevelopmental prognosis of preterm infants. Methods A total of 149 preterm infants were included, all of whom underwent head MRI+DTI examination, and the values of fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were collected. According to the examination results, preterm in‐ fants were divided into the WMI group (40 cases) and nWMI group (109 cases). For further analysis, the WMI and nWMI groups were classified based on postmenstrual age (PMA) during MRI+DTI examination (33-34 weeks group, 35-36 weeks group, and ≥37 weeks group). We compared FA and ADC values between WMI and nWMI groups. The Gesell Develop‐ mental Scale was used to evaluate the development of 39 preterm infants at 6 months of corrected age. Among them, there were 18 cases of adaptive behavioral development retardation, 16 cases of individual-social behavior developmental retarda‐ tion, 21 cases of gross motor performance developmental retardation, 25 cases of fine motor behavior developmental retarda‐ tion and 19 cases of speech behavior developmental retardation. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlations between the FA and ADC values and the Gesell Developmental Scale. Results The FA values of each ROI in the nWMI group were higher than those of the WMI group at different corrected age (all P<0. 05). ADC values of periventricular white matter and genu of corpus callosum in the WMI group at the corrected age of 33-34 weeks were higher than those of the nW‐MI group (all P<0. 05). At the corrected age of 35-36 weeks, ADC values in genu of corpus callosum and posterior limbs of internal capsule in the WMI group were higher than those in the nWMI group (all P<0. 05). At the corrected age of ≥37 weeks, ADC values in semiovale center, periventricular white matter, genu of corpus callosum and posterior limbs of internal capsule in the WMI group were higher than those in the nWMI group (all P<0. 05). There was a negative correlation between the ADC value of periventricular white matter and Gesell Developmental Scale score in premature infants with gross motor de‐ velopment delay (r=-0. 594, P<0. 05). The ADC value of the forelimb of the internal capsule was negatively correlated with the Gesell Developmental Scale score in preterm infants with cognitive behavior developmental retardation (r=-0. 524, P< 0. 05). Conclusions FA values in anterior and posterior limbs of internal capsule and paraventricular white matter can re‐ veal WMI in preterm infants. ADC value of the periventricular white matter can reflect the development of gross motor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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随着我国海洋意识的强化，海岸带土地资源的配置成为我国经济由陆域向海洋战略推进的关键.梳理国内相关研究文献，初步归纳其发展特点发现，海岸带土地研究起步晚但近年发展迅速，实证研究为文献主流，研究方法渐趋计量化等.研究可归纳为5方面：(1)海岸带土地利用/覆被变化动态、驱动因素与环境效应研究；(2)海岸带土地景观生态、生态价值与生态评价研究；(3)海岸带土地评价；(4)海岸带土地资源开发与发展战略研究；(5)基于海岸带土地的GIS、RS技术集成研究.根据国内外海岸带土地利用研究的动态与趋势，从海岸带土地利用/覆被与全球响应、海岸带综合管理的发展研究、海外地域海岸带土地利用的解读、海岸带土地研究的方法集成探索与应用等方面阐述了海岸带土地利用研究展望，为深化我国海岸带土地研究提供一定的参考与借鉴.

Molecular sieves, a type of material with porous structure, are able to separate small molecules. Classical molecular sieves have been investigated thoroughly, but they have limitations as well. For example, they are unable to separate chemicals with similar physical properties. In recent years, scientists have begun to focus on "nonclassical" methods for chemical separation. Many achievements have been made, such as microporous membranes, porous liquid and cage-like molecules. Some of these methods may greatly reduce the cost of industrial production and even have a great influence on social and economic development. In this review, the novel methods are discussed, and the development trend of this research field is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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