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Introduction: Spermatogenesis is a complex process affected by different factors that can cause male infertility. The present study was conducted to investigate the improving effect of walnut oil on the complications of Busulfan therapy on sperm parameters in rats. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 32 adult male Wistar rats randomly divided into a control group, a Busulfan group (15mg/kg) and two other groups that received Busulfan + walnut oil at 0.1 cc and 0.2 cc doses per 100 g of body weight. The rats' testosterone levels were measured after 48 days of treatment and their sperm parameters were then examined. The data obtained analyzed in SPSS-18 using Duncan's post-hoc test and the ANOVA. Results: The results obtained revealed a significant decrease in testosterone levels, sperm count and sperm motility (p≤ 0.001) sra an increase in the main sperm count for pinhead, spiral tail, immotile and non-progressively motile sperm in the Busulfan group compared to in the control group (p<0.05). Testosterone levels also increased in the group receiving Busulfan + 0.2 cc of walnut oil compared to the group receiving only Busulfan, although not significantly. The average count for the non-progressively motile and the immotile sperms also decreased in the two groups receiving walnut oil compared to in the Busulfan group. Conclusion: According to the results obtained, the intake of walnut oil in large doses helps reduce the side effects of Busulfan on testosterone levels and some sperm parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]