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Copyright of Journal of History / Habaršy Tarihi Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since 1917 the district in the city became a link of the administrativeterritorial division of large cities of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (USSR). Powers regarding to create and liquidate of districts in cities, as well as the establishment of their boundaries, gradually passed from the center to the lower levels of government. For a long time, the city district had an unclear status in the administrative-territorial system of the USSR. Most of the districts in the cities were formed during Soviet times, in independent Ukraine district division was carried out only in Kyiv, Zaporizhzhia, Lviv, and Odesa. However, doctrinal studies of the legal status of the district in the city and the peculiarities of establishing its boundaries in historical retrospect and in the conditions of fragmentary regulation of this issue at the level of legislation in our country have hardly been conducted. This work is the first scientific investigation in domestic legal literature. The purpose of the article is to establish the legal status of the territory of the district in the city and the peculiarities of establishing (changing) its boundaries. In order to achieve it, іt is analyzed the legislation, which regulated the procedure for the formation and liquidation of urban districts in the USSR. It is studied doctrinal sources, special literature, and normative documents that determine the types of urban planning and land management documentation, based on which the boundaries of the district in the city are established (were established). It was established that the administrative center, as an attribute of the administrative-territorial unit, is not characteristic of urban districts, except of the Balaklava city district of Sevastopol. As a result, it is distinguished four main stages in the History of district division in large cities and it is formulated the author's definition of the concept of "district in the city" is. It was established that there is no district of the city, formed during the independence of Ukraine, has a procedure for establishing (changing) its borders, in accordance with the procedure provided for in Art. Art. 173, 174 of the Land Code of Ukraine, and therefore their boundaries are only conditional and not legally defined. It is argued that the definition of the boundaries of the city district is possible only if the city boundary is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to analyze the level of transport sufficiency of administrative districts in Volyn region mainly landlocked routes using different quantitative parameters and indicators. Research methods. The following methods were applied in our research: statistical, comparative, cartographic, method of classification, and system analysis. Academic novelty. The academic novelty of the study is a comprehensive approach to assessing the transport sufficiency level of administrative districts in Volyn region using the integrated transport sufficiency index, which takes into account simultaneously the density of transport networks per unit of territory and population and security indices calculated by E. Engel, G. Goltz, Yu. Uspensky. Practical significance. The practical significance of the research results is determined by their further use for optimization and modernization of transport infrastructure in Volyn region. Research results. The analysis of the transport sufficiency of administrative districts in Volyn region using different quantitative parameters and indicators showed that there is a clear dependence of the land routes length on the area and the configuration of the district's territory and the number of settlements. We calculated the density of roads and railways in the administrative districts of the region per 1000 square kilometers and 1000 inhabitants, as well as indexes of transport sufficiency of E. Engel, G. Goltz, and Yu. Uspensky. The above-mentioned data showed ambiguity in determining the levels of transport sufficiency of districts in the region. For more informative expression of this indicator of transport system functioning in districts, the weighted average value was determined using the agglomerative-hierarchical procedure of normalization of these 7 output parameters. We obtained the synthesized parameter, which can be estimated as an integral index of the transport sufficiency level in Volyn districts. The integral index reflects the cumulative effect of taking into account partial indicators of transport sufficiency and shows the presence of significant spatial differentiation in the transport sufficiency level of the region. According to the values of the integral index of the transport sufficiency level, five types of districts are distinguished by the level of transport sufficiency of their territories. It is established that the highest level of transport sufficiency has the central and southern districts of the region with favorable transport and geographical position and a long network of roads and railways. The northern districts of the region have the lowest level of transport sufficiency due to the forest, swamps, and low level of economic development. The problems of development of transport infrastructure in Volyn region are revealed and the perspective ways of optimizing the level of their transport sufficiency are indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Основываясь на актуальной ситуации в области пожарной безопасности района Бинсити, создана адекватная система управления с целью обеспечения пожарной безопасности и гармоничного развития данного района. Предложен метод сетевого управления, который позволяет обеспечить стандартизацию и высокую эффективность пожарной безопасности района, реализованы соответствующие меры и внесены предложения по оптимизации практики управления безопасностью района. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в районах, нуждающихся в стандартизации пожарной безопасности и повышении ее эффективности.

The President of Ukraine and the Government of Ukraine recognized that forming of a new model of the State’s administrative territorial structure, in particular, the sub-regional (district) level, as a component of the structural reforms for power decentralization based on the principles of unity and integrity of the State’s territory, and also combined application of centralization and decentralization in the implementation of state power, as well as maintenance of the appropriate balance of socio-economic development of territories are the major issues of the State’s modern development. Hence the need arises for working on a unified, or at least a generalized, approach to issues of defining the principles and criteria of the administrative territorial structure and preparing a new scheme of districts. The purpose of the article is to analyze current legislation, existing draft bills and practical aspects connected with the modeling of district consolidation, and to outline separate proposals aimed at improving the administrative territorial structure of the State. It is noted that today national legislation does not fully ensure appropriate regulation of the procedure according to which districts are formed and liquidated and their borders are established and changed. Thus, according to cl. 29, part 1 of Art. 85 of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is empowered to form, liquidate districts, establish and change the borders of districts and cities; however, there is no up-to-date mechanism to implement this provision. Issues relating to the administrative territorial structure are still regulated by Decree of the Presidium of the Ukrainian SSR’s Verkhovna Rada dated March 12, 1981. As a consequence, our State still has complex territorial entities (so-called “nest-dolls”), where within one territory there are separate administrative territorial units and several local councils. For example, in Kharkiv oblast, as a part of Kupiansk town which is a town of oblast status, there are Kupiansk town council and Kupiansk-Vuzlovska settlement council, and as a part of Lozova town – a town of oblast status – Lozova town council, Paniutynka settlement council and Domaska village council, and this gives rise to a number of difficulties, in particular, with the exercise of their powers; and furthermore, there are de facto administrative territorial units, the so-called “urban-type settlements”, which are not provided for in the Constitution of Ukraine. Besides, till now the criteria for forming of administrative territorial units etc. have not been defined at the legislative level. The author comes to the conclusion that there is the need for appropriate constitutional and legislative regulation of the administrative territorial structure of Ukraine, and also outlines innovations in the modeling of the schematic map of new consolidated districts on the example of Kharkiv oblast, and provides justification of the need for taking into account a number of criteria to achieve an appropriate balance of socio-economic development of new administrative territorial entities and to ensure the availability of services for residents and etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a comparative analysis of two distinct rural settlement systems typical of the southern and northern parts of the Nizhny Novgorod region: small and large settlements. For a more detailed discussion of these systems is given a description of a typical district in each of the parts dealing with their population distribution "framework" of rural settlements and population size, the impact of the conditions and factors in the formation of population settlement system.

After the October Revolution there was an urgent need for a new economic zoning of Russia. Under the leadership of the greatest scientists the Soviet Union was divided in to economic regions. After the collapse of the USSR and the emergence of a market economy, these regions have lost their meaning, and the new were not created. Therefore there was a need of a new zoning Russia, and not by economic regions, but by the complex geographical regions. This is a difficult task, but because of the author's opinion that geography should be a single, new geographical areas should reflect their historical, natural, economic, social, cultural view specifics. This approach will promote rational geographical division of labor in the country in a market economy. An attempt to new geographical zoning, with 10 allocated geographic regions: Capital, Central, European North, European South, North Caucasus, Volga-Urals, Western Siberia, Southern Siberia, Northern Siberia and the Far East. For each region area, population size and density, level of urbanization, natural, mechanical and overall population growth, GDP per capita, the structure of employment, Human Development Index were counted, and the appropriate analysis were made.

The article is devoted to determination the factors of formation and development the system of population trading service in Kharkiv region. For identifying these factors the method of factor analysis was chosen. The aim of the factor analysis is to reduce a number of investigated parameters and to analyze relationships between them. The initial database served 91 indicators, which describes demographic, social, economic and environmental characteristics of the region. Determining a number of factors was carried out based on three criteria: Kaiser criterion, cumulative percentage, Cattell "scree" criterion. The most optional were identified 5 factors which can be interpreted as: socio-economic, agro-resettlement (agro-ecistic), housing and commercial, socio-demographic, ecological. The factor weights were calculated for each factor within cities of regional subordination and districts to assess the effect degree of the factor in a certain administrative-territorial unit. The greatest effect of socio-economic, agro-resettlement, housing and commercial factors is characterized for the city of Kharkiv, cities of regional subordination and districts located around the regional center. Socio-demographic factor is manifested the best in administrative-territorial units with favorable demographic situation, high share of the main population age group. Ecological factor operates in districts and cities, where environmentally "dirty" enterprises work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

У статті висвітлено проблему сучасного функціонування та трансформації районних систем розселення в Україні. Проаналізовано відмінності таких систем у структурі та територіальній організації у різних регіонах, охарактеризовано трансформаційні процеси, які відбуваються в районних системах розселення впродовж останніх років: стрімке зниження людності поселень, зменшення кількості населених пунктів, зміна їх функцій. З метою подальшої оптимізації функціонування районних систем розселення необхідне докладне їх суспільно-географічне дослідження.

Spence N. A. (1968) A multifactor uniform regionalization of British counties on the basis of employment data for 1961, Reg. Studies 2, 87–104. A more precise approach to the delimitation of regions will ensure a better understanding of specific regional frameworks consistent with their uses in achieving a set of goals. Methods and results of a study of British employment regions in 1961 are presented. The problem is one in efficient multivariate classification. Components analysis isolates the basic patterns of variation of employment characteristics over counties, and grouping analysis classifies the counties on the basis of these patterns with respect to some objective function. Non-contiguous grouping produces county employment typologies; groupings of counties with a contiguity constraint produces uniform employment regions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]