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Copyright of Journal of Mathematics, Mechanics & Computer Science is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tarsal coalitions (TC) are congenital abnormal connections of the rearfoot bones. They occur in 1 to 13 % of all population. The article deals with the features of clinical and instrumental diagnosis of TC according to the literature. The main clinical manifestations are pain syndrome in the subtalar area, rigid flat foot; peroneal spastic flat foot is possible. Radiographic imaging of TC includes direct and indirect signs. To verify bone coalition, computed tomography is indicated, in cases of cartilaginous and fibrous — magnetic resonance imaging. Despite the long history of studying the problem, the diagnosis of TC remains a live issue today. Difficulties in diagnosing this pathology are due to the lack of physicians’ awareness of the clinical and radiographic picture of TC. Classical orthopedic examination and suspicion of possible TC will allow detecting pathology in time and avoiding inappropriate treatment. The use of modern imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, helps increase the accuracy of TC diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Travma is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a clinical observation of a patient with metastatic lesions of the brain and spinal cord. The described case from practice describes the most common cause of spinal cord squeezing - it is a metastatic lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work is devoted to computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) diagnosis of the thoracic cavity diseases, which highlights many of the issues in the literature clearly or not covered at all. Advances in the CT and US technologies have demanded reconsideration of the scientific data about value of these methods in diagnostics of diseases of lungs and pleurae. Now US is widely used in the diagnosis of diseases of the organs and tissues of the abdominal cavity, retroperitoneal space, pelvic organs, cardiovascular system and is insufficiently used for the study of pathological changes of lungs and pleura. The analysis of possibilities of US and CT in diagnosis of parietal thoracic cavity formations and indications for ultrasound are presented, the US technique as well as US semiotics of revealed pathological changes are described. Implementation into clinical practice of modern methods of diagnosis increases the chance of early detection of the disease when it is still possible to use the radical methods of treatment

Здійснено аналітичний огляд наукових публікацій, що стосуються проблеми діагностики сколіозу. Методи діагностики сколіозу постійно вдосконалюються, для чого залучають сучасні інструментальні методи. Суб’єктивні методи оцінки сколіозу не дають кількісної характеристики постави. Об’єктивні методи діагностики забезпечують нас детальною й об’єктивною інформацією про стан хребта та зміни форми й орієнтації тіла в просторі. Для вимірювання обертання хребта використовують рентгенографію та комп’ютерну томографію. Комп’ютерну оптичну топографію застосовують при контролі ефективності консервативного лікування хворих на сколіоз. Шаблон паралельних смуг інформує про відстань, висоту від поверхні хребта. Пізня діагностика викривлення хребта призводить до важких деформацій. Для вимірювання обер-тання хребта використовують рентгенографію та комп’ютерну томографію. Неінвазивну альтернативну методику діагностики сколіозу – комп’ютерну оптичну топографію – широко застосовують під час контролю ефективності консервативного лікування хворих на сколіоз. Шаблон паралельних смуг містить інформацію про відстань, висоту від поверхні об’єкта.