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Introduction: Diabetes is a significant public health problem. In Serbia, 12% of the population suffers dominantly from type 2 diabetes, the development of which is associated with an inadequate diet and lack of physical activity. The treatment of patients involves the application of diet therapy in combination with medical treatment. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the differences in anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes after the counseling work. Respondents and methods: The research was conducted as a retrospective evaluation study through the analysis of medical records of users of the Nutrition Counseling Service of the Public Health Institute of Subotica. The sample included 34 patients with type 2 diabetes, mostly women (71%). Results: The average body weight of the patients was 87.6 kg, waist circumference 105 cm, the average glycemima was 7.14 mmol/l, and the blood pressure level was 140/84 mmHg. After counseling, at the first control measurement 2-4 months after the first examination, the patients lost an average of 3 kg, the waist circumference decreased by an average of 2 cm, and the percentage of fat in the body decreased by 1.6%. There was a decrease in glycemia by 0.6 mmol/l and systolic blood pressure by 5 mmHg. Although the second control examination was attended by a much smaller number of patients, based on the results, it was observed that the average values of the observed parameters were significantly lower compared to the initial values (body mass decreased by 1 kg, waist circumference by 4 cm, glycemia level by an additional 1 mmol/l). Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that after the counseling work, there was a significant improvement in the nutritional status and glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Inadequate nutrition, excessive use of alcohol and tobacco can significantly increase the risk of chronic mass non-communicable diseases, which are responsible for more than two-thirds of deaths in the adult population globally. The aim of this paper is to analyze the risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases among employees in higher education. Material and methods: The research was conducted in the form of a cross-sectional study during May 2022. The surveyed population consists of 31 employees of the College of Vocational Studies in Subotica. The research instrument consists of a survey questionnaire created for research purposes. The data analysis was performed using the statistical package SPSS 20. The methods of descriptive statistical analysis, cross-tabulation analysis were applied, and the parametric ch2 test was used to confirm the correlation. Results: A third of the employees have been diagnosed with a chronic disease, most often hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. More than half (58%) of employees eat breakfast, 87% eat lunch and 52% eat dinner regularly. About 60% of employees consume fruits and vegetables at least 5-6 days a week, significantly more often employees over 45. Almost half (42%) of employees consume sweets at least 5-7 days a week, or more often. A quarter (24%) of employees consume alcoholic beverages on a weekly basis. Conclusion: The results of the study show that among employees in higher education there are inadequate eating habits that can increase the risk of chronic mass non-communicable diseases.

Introduction: Intrahospital infections have a great impact on the mortality rate and morbidity of hospitalized patients. The importance of nosocomial infections makes it important for nurses to know and implement preventive measures during provision of nursing care. Objective: To analyze knowledge and attitudes of nurses about nosocomial infections. Material and methods: The research was conducted on a population of nurses and technicians employed at the General Hospital in Subotica. The sample included 44 participants. The research instrument was a questionnaire designed for the purposes of the research. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hi-square test. Results: The definition of nosocomial infections was known to 68% of respondents, but only 50% of respondents knew that the hands of healthcare professionals were the most common way of spreading nosocomial infections. Basic preventive measures against nosocomial infections were familiar to 82% of respondents, and 95% of the respondents thought that nurses have important role in the control and prevention of nosocomial infections. Significantly more respondents who have more than 20 years of work experience thought that nurses do not have contribution in prevention and control of nosocomial infections (p=0.011). Conclusion: Most participants were familiar with the definition of nosocomial infections and basic preventive measures. It is necessary to improve the knowledge about the ways of spreading and the risks for the occurrence of nosocomial infections.

AbstractIntroduction: The trends in the state of nutrition and physical activity of schoolage children in Serbia impose a need to create and evaluate programs to improve their nutrition and physical activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the cross-curricular nutrition and physical activity education program (NPAEP) on food intake, physical activity, and body mass index in first–fourth-grade primary school children. Material and methods: The study used an experimental pre-test (t1) post-test (t2) design. The sample included 167 participants in t1 and 178 in t2. The differences in food intake, physical activity, and body mass index before and after implementation of the cross-curricular nutrition and physical activity education program were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, the Chi-squared test, and the Wilcoxon signedrank test. Values p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Fruit (t1 = 0.70 ± 0.55; t2 = 1.26 ± 0.65; p < 0.001) and dairy intake (t1 = 1.52; t2 = 1.79; p = 0.005) significantly increased in the intervention group. A significant reduction in time spent watching television (t1 = 78.0; t2 = 56.7; p = 0.005) and playing on the computer (t1 = 32.3; t2 = 25.8; p = 0.047) was achieved in the intervention group. Time spent in organized sports activities significantly increased only in the intervention group (t1 = 21.9; t2 = 30.5; p = 0.046). Body mass index did not change significantly in the intervention group after the implementation of the NPAEP. Conclusions: The nutrition and physical activity education program contributed to an increase in fruit and dairy intake and time spent in intense physical activities and a reduction in screen time. The presented results justify the application of the NPAEP in improving the nutrition and physical activity of first–fourth-grade primary school children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the agreement between parents’ and children’s reports of children’s physical activity and screen-based sedentary activities. Material and Methods. The sample included 7 - 10 year-old children (n = 94) and their parents (n = 94) in a local community in Vojvodina. Parents and children separately completed questionnaires about the types of physical and sedentary activities and the time children spent in different activities during one day. The agreement between children’s and parents’ responses was calculated using Cohen’s kappa. The differences in parents’ and children’s responses in relation to gender and grade the students attended were analyzed using χ2 test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. The highest level of agreement (κ = 0.74; p = 0.00) was found for the questions concerning physical activity in the morning before going to school. The lowest level of agreement was found for watching TV in the morning before going to school (κ = 0.21; p = 0.04). Children reported spending more time in screen-based sedentary activities than their parents. Conclusion. This research showed that there are differences in reports of children’s physical activities and screen time obtained from children aged 7 to 10 years and their parents. The lowest level of agreement was found for watching television, indicating low level of awareness and control of this screen-based sedentary behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For students, nutrition is of primary importance because during adolescence the qualitative and quantitative needs for a well-balanced diet, are bigger than during any other period of life. Numerous reports in Serbia, talk about students health problems because of the incorrect diet, such as anemia, malnutrition, and obesity. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the diet, the frequency of weekly intake of foods of animal origin and the Body Mass Index. A survey was conducted between students of all study groups and all the years, a total of 133 respondents. The state of nutrition of students is significantly related to the intake of certain foods of animal origin. Chicken is significantly less represented in the diet of overweight students, opposite to other meat (except fish and chicken) that is more represented in both sexes. There is no significant correlation between nutrition status and diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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