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Copyright of Revija Šport is the property of Sport: Revija Za Teoreticna in Praticna Vprasanja Sporta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Performing resistance exercises unilaterally, athletes must activate stabilizing muscles to maintain balance position, and for the same relative load, compressive forces on the spine are reduced providing more safety. Our aim was to compare the effects of resistance training when bilateral and unilateral exercises were used. Methods: Twenty-six young handball players first participated in a 6-week control phase consisting of handball training only, and were later divided into a unilateral and a bilateral group in the experimental phase. Before and after the control and experimental phases, tests of horizontal and vertical jumping, lateral running with change of direction, standing and jump shots with the dominant and nondominant arms were performed. Results: Simultaneous performance of handball and resistance training resulted in greater progress in power and agility compared to handball training alone. The average progress of the unilateral group was greater on all measured variables. However, the differences reached statistical significance only in triple jump and throwing with the non-dominant arm (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Young handball players achieved similar or greater power and agility with unilateral resistance exercises than with bilateral resistance exercises. Considering the benefits unilateral resistance exercises bring, this type of training is highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to assess assumed differences in some physiological parameters, obtained by an incremental intermittent running field test 30-15IFT, among elite handball players to get an insight into the specifics of aerobic capacity profiles of players in different playing positions. Twenty-four elite male handball players were tested using the Cosmed K4 portable telemetry system. The following parameters were analysed: running velocity, heart rate, oxygen uptake, relative oxygen uptake, pulmonary ventilation breath-by-breath, at the three points--lactate threshold (LT), onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), and at the peak velocity achieved on the test (v30-15IFT). Additionally, blood lactate concentration was analysed at v30-15IFT. The players were divided in three groups based on their playing positions: eight backcourt players, eight wing players and eight pivot players. In terms of both the statistically significant and non-significant differences, the wings achieved slightly different results in comparison to the backcourt players and pivots. The wings reached a significantly higher velocity at the LT than the players of the other two groups and a significantly higher velocity than the pivots at the OBLA. At all the three points, wings presented the highest HR values, meaning they can operate at higher intensities still within the aerobic work zone. This would probably allow wing players to longer persist in handball game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revija Šport is the property of Sport: Revija Za Teoreticna in Praticna Vprasanja Sporta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revija Šport is the property of Sport: Revija Za Teoreticna in Praticna Vprasanja Sporta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present study, the effect of frequent, immediate, augmented feedback on the increase of throwing velocity was investigated. An increase of throwing velocity of a handball set shot when knowledge of results was provided or not provided during training was compared. Fifty female and seventy-three male physical education students were assigned randomly to the experimental or control group. All participants performed two series of ten set shots with maximal effort twice a week for six weeks. The experimental group received information regarding throwing velocity measured by a radar gun immediately after every shot, whereas the control group did not receive any feedback. Measurements of maximal throwing velocity of an ordinary handball and a heavy ball were performed, before and after the training period and compared. Participants who received feedback on results attained almost a four times greater relative increase of the velocity of the normal ball (size 2) as compared to the same intervention when feedback was not provided (8.1 ± 3.6 vs. 2.7 ± 2.9%). The velocity increases were smaller, but still significant between the groups for throws using the heavy ball (5.1 ± 4.2 and 2.5 ± 5.8 for the experimental and control group, respectively). Apart from the experimental group throwing the normal ball, no differences in velocity change for gender were obtained. The results confirmed that training oriented towards an increase in throwing velocity became significantly more effective when frequent knowledge of results was provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this research was to study the characteristics of migration in European women's handball based on the Slovenian example and tofind the differences between the foreigners coming to Slovenia and the Slovenians transferring toforeign clubs. The research was based on 16 open face-to-face semi-structured interviews (8 Slovenians (age 29.5 ± 6.2 years) and 8 foreigners (age 35.5 ± 8.7 years)). We found out that the most powerful factor in foreigners was the financial one, while within Slovenian players it was their personal desire for progression within their sport, the club's reputation and poor conditions in their previous club. The results confirm that when making a decision on transfer, all players had the support of family and friends, while the clubs of foreign players were not as supportive. Most interviewees considered their careers successful and did not regret going abroad. The research indicates that the largest differences discovered between Slovenians and foreigners were that foreign female players chose to stay in the new country (Slovenia), while domestic players returned home after few years playing abroad. In conclusion, the results show that in top-level handball there are important differences between migration models which are based on nationality and also that the migration models change throughout time, which is largely connected with the socioeconomic events in the country of origin or transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revija Šport is the property of Sport: Revija Za Teoreticna in Praticna Vprasanja Sporta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revija Šport is the property of Sport: Revija Za Teoreticna in Praticna Vprasanja Sporta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revija Šport is the property of Sport: Revija Za Teoreticna in Praticna Vprasanja Sporta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kinesiologia Slovenica is the property of Faculty of Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revija Šport is the property of Sport: Revija Za Teoreticna in Praticna Vprasanja Sporta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revija Šport is the property of Sport: Revija Za Teoreticna in Praticna Vprasanja Sporta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. Gymnica is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to identify the differences in the volume and intensity of large-scale cyclic movement activities performed by handball players in different playing positions - backcourt players, wings, pivots and goalkeepers. For this purpose six experimental model matches (2 x 20min), played by the Slovenian male handball teams (youth, juniors and seniors), were analysed. The sample consisted of 84 players of twelve teams (average age 20.26 ± 4.28yrs; average height 182.51 ± 6.59cm; average body mass 80.61 ± 10.3 7kg) and was divided into four sub-samples by playing position. The collection of data on the cyclic loading of players in a handball match was based on the computer-aided automatic tracking method with the SAGIT system, based on computer vision methods. The output data on the cyclic movements obtained by the SAGIT programme were processed by the selected descriptive statistics methods in Excel and SPSS programmes. Statistically significant differences were registered between the groups of players in different playing positions in terms of average distances walked or run during matches (volume). The greatest total distance was covered by the wings (3,855m), followed by the backcourt players (3,432m) and pivots (3,234m), whereas goalkeepers ran the least (1,753m). Differences also appeared in the intensity of large-scale cyclic movements, that is in the percentage of time spent in all the speed classes. In the first speed class statistically significant differences occurred among all the groups - the goalkeepers spent the highest percentage of time (86%) here, followed by the pivots (62%) and wings (58%). There were no statistically significant differences in the second speed class between the groups of wings (23%), backcourt players (25%) and pivots (25%); however, all three groups differed from the goalkeepers (11%). The highest percentage of time spent in the third speed class was that of the wings (14%) and backcourt players (14%). Nevertheless, there were no statistically significant differences between them. Pivots (10%) and goalkeepers (2%) did not spend much time in the third speed class, so statistically significant differences were registered for the latter two and the groups mentioned before, In the fourth speed class statistically significant differences occurred between all the groups of players. In this speed class the wings spent the most time (4%), followed by the backcourt players (3%) and pivots (2%), whereas the lowest percentage of time in this speed class was that of the goalkeepers (0.5%). There were statistically significant differences between all the groups of players in terms of average speed of movement - the fastest were the wings (1.60m/s), followed by the backcourt players (1.43m/s), pivots (1.34m/s), and goalkeepers (0.73m/s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. Gymnica is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the present study was to analyse load to which players were exposed and effort they invested in 4vs4 small-sided handball games in relation to various court dimensions. Eight male amateur handball players participated in three eight-minute 4vs4 (plus goalkeepers) small-sided handball games. The three court dimensions were 12×24 m, 30×15 m and 32×16 m. Using Global Positioning System devices (SPI pro elite 15Hz, GPSports), time-motion video analysis, and Borg's scale for rating of perceived exertion (RPE), the following performance, physiological and psychological parameters were recorded: cyclic movements for distance covered, acyclic movements for the number of technical actions executed, heart rate, and RPE. The total distance travelled increased with the increase in court size (948.1±64.5, 1087.2±92.0 and 1079.8±90.6 on the 24×12 m, 30×15 m and 32×16 m court, respectively; p<.05). The distance covered by the players in four speed zones revealed a substantial difference between the games played on the 24×12 and 30×15m courts in the first and third (p<.05; moderate ES) speed zone. On the 24×12 m court the players covered more distance while moving in the first speed zone, but less distance when moving in the third speed zone (p<.05; moderate ES). On the 30×15 m court the players covered less distance while moving in the first speed zone, but they covered more distance by moving in the third speed zone (p<.05; moderate ES). There were no substantial differences found for the second and fourth speed zone cyclic movements and distances covered on all the three experimental court sizes. No statistical differences between the games played on various court dimensions were found in acyclic movements. No statistical differences were found in the analysis of heart rate either. Further analysis of players' self-evaluated effort confirmed the trend of heart rate values, showing no statistical differences in the RPE values among the three different court dimensions. Our findings indicate that changing court dimensions during 4vs4 small-sided handball games could influence load imposed on players and their exertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The jump shot is one of the most important elements of specific handball motor behaviour. We wanted to assess it with the method of expert modelling. The sample of subjects consisted of ten male elite handball players, members of the national Slovenian teams that play in the first national handball division (average height - 191.1 ± 4.48 cm; average body mass - 90.0 ± 4.40 kg, average age - 23.4 ± 4.2 years; average training experience in senior teams - 5.3 ± 2.1 years). We analysed six backcourt players, two wing players and two pivots. Each of the subjects executed, after a 20-minute warm-up, three jump shots. Data processing was performed by APAS (Ariel Dynamics, California, USA). Expert modelling was performed with the SPEX expert system. We formed a success tree containing 17 variables, representing all five phases of the jump shot. In order to assess the validity of this kinematic model, three independent referees also assessed the quality of the jump shot. The ranks obtained from their marks were then compared with the ranks obtained with the SPEX expert model. On the basis of the obtained results we then constructed an expert mark for each analysed player. The level of concordance of the referees was high (W = 0.875), the coefficient of correlation between the actual ranks and the referee ranks was statistically significant (0.912). Our final finding is that a kinematic model of the jump shot constructed in this way can also be a good criterion for assessing the quality of the basic technique of the jump shot for seniors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to establish the physiological workload that female handball players are exposed to in different playing positions during official matches. The research included fifteen HC Krim Mercator female handball team players. During the 2009/10 season, six matches of the Women's Regional Handball League were analysed. The results indicated that at the lowest monitored workload in the 50-59% range of maximum heart rate (HRmax) there were no statistically significant differences between groups of players in particular playing positions. Workload intervals of 60 to 69% and 70 to 79% HRmax showed statistically significant (p<.05) differences between goalkeepers and all the other groups of players; on average, goalkeepers spent more time in the low-effort zones than the other groups of players. Groups of goalkeepers (25min 44s±9min 40s) and backs (25min 36s±7min 24s) did not significantly differ with regard to the time players spent in the 80 to 89% HRmax interval. However, the previously mentioned two groups of players had significantly higher values (p<.05) in this interval than groups of pivots (19min 42s±7min 45s) and wings (15min 52s±8min 11s). In the highest-effort interval (90-100%), groups of wings (27min 28s±9min 20s) and pivots (35min 55s±12min 41s) reached significantly higher values (p<.05) than goalkeepers (4min 57s±4min 58s) and backs (19min 04s±9min 00s). Goalkeepers, in contrast, recorded significantly lower values than the other three groups of players. We can conclude that during the analysed matches pivots and wings showed the highest levels of effort, followed by backs. Due to markedly different physiological workloads, physical preparation for different playing positions should also be quite different. Coaches should use the results of this study in practice to make timely decisions on when to substitute players in different position in order to prevent possible drop in their playing efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]