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Copyright of Düzce University Journal of Forestry / Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi is the property of Duzce University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning & Aesthetics Research is the property of DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning & Aesthetics Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Economic & Administrative Approach (JEAA) is the property of Journal of Economic & Administrative Approach (JEAA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim was to assess postoperative outcomes in pediatric thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined significance (AUS/ FLUS) or suspicious for a follicular neoplasm (SFN) and their respective the European-Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (EUTIRADS) scores. Methods: Forty-four pediatric patients at a single center with thyroid nodules classified as AUS/FLUS or SFN from August 2019 to December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Data on demographics, thyroid function, nodule size, and ultra sonographic features were collected. Postoperative pathologies were categorized into benign, low-risk, and malignant neoplasms according to the World Health Organization 2022 criteria, and EU-TIRADS was used for retrospective radiological scoring. Results: Among 21 (47.7%) of patients who had surgical intervention, 72% had Bethesda 3 and 28% had Bethesda 4 thyroid nodules. Post-surgical histopathological classifications were 43% benign, 19% low-risk, and 38% malignant. Of note, EU-TIRADS 3 and 5 scores were present in 44% and 56% of the benign cases, respectively. Malignant cases tended to produce higher EU-TIRADS scores, with 64% rated as EU-TIRADS 5. Bethesda category 4 nodules had a 66% malignancy rate, significantly higher than the 27% in category 3. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of histologically benign cases were classified as EU-TIRADS 5, suggesting that EU-TIRADS may lead to unnecessary biopsies in benign cases. Malignant cases were more likely to have a higher EU-TIRADS score, indicating a positive correlation with malignancy risk, particularly in Bethesda 4 cases. However, the EU-TIRADS system’s predictive value for malignancy in Bethesda 3 cases was poorer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was primarily conducted to investigate the potential use of pumpkin seed oil in biodiesel production. Initially, the fatty acid composition of oils extracted from discarded pumpkin seeds was determined. Then, biodiesel produced from discarded pumpkin seed oil was tested in an engine test setup. The performance and emission values of a four-cylinder diesel engine fueled with diesel (D100), biodiesel (PB100), and blended fuels (PB2D98, PB5D95, and PB20D80) were determined. Furthermore, three distinctive machine learning algorithms (artificial neural networks, XGBoost, and random forest) were employed to model engine performance and emission parameters. Models were generated based on the data from the PB100, PB2D98, and PB5D95 fuels, and model performance was assessed through the R2, RMSE, and MAPE metrics. The highest torque value (333.15 Nm) was obtained from 1200 rpm of D100 fuel. PB2D98 (2% biodiesel–98% diesel) had the lowest specific fuel consumption (194.33 g HPh−1) at 1600 rpm. The highest BTE (break thermal efficiency) value (30.92%) was obtained from diesel fuel at 1400 rpm. Regarding the blended fuels, PB2D98 exhibited the most fuel-efficient performance. Overall, in terms of engine performance and emission values, PB2M98 showed the closest results to diesel fuel. A comparison of machine learning algorithms revealed that artificial neural networks (ANNs) generally performed the best. However, the XGBoost algorithm proved to be more successful than other algorithms at predicting the performance and emissions of PB20D80 fuel. The present findings demonstrated that the XGBoost algorithm could be a more reliable option for predicting engine performance and emissions, especially for data-deficient fuels such as PB20D80. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Bayburt Education Faculty / Bayburt Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Bayburt University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, the use of biodiesel has become increasingly important. One of the potential plants that can be used in biodiesel production is coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), a member of the Apiaceae family, is a medicinal, spice and essential oil plant. Although the homeland of coriander is the Mediterranean countries and the Middle East region, it grows naturally in Anatolia. In this study, coriander crude oil was obtained from coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) (Gürbüz registered variety) seeds using a screw press. Biodiesel production was obtained from coriander crude oil by transesterification method in a single stage (CGBD). Fuel properties of coriander (Gürbüz registered variety) (CGBD); density (kg m-3) (at 15 °C), kinematic viscosity (mm² s-1) (at 40 °C), flash point (°C), water content (mg kg-1), copper strip corrosion (3h at 50 °C), calorific value (MJ kg-1), color (ASTM D1500), cloud point (oC), cold filter plugging point (°C), pour point (°C). The conformity of coriander biodiesel according to EN 14214 standard was examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Disease / Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the mathematical modeling process of in-service middle school mathematics teachers who participated in a mathematical modeling workshop within the scope of a professional development program were examined. This study is a multicase study with the participation of six teachers(two women; four men) and investigates how teachers handled the theoretical knowledge gained during the mathematical modeling workshop in the problem designing process. The data consists of problems designed by teachers and individual interviews. The findings show that teachers were generally successful in transferring their theoretical knowledge to the problem designing process, but had some difficulties. Besides, it can be said that they overcame these difficulties in the process and obtained the problem designing competence that is suitable for the mathematical modeling criteria. The results show that implementation has an important role in the development of a modeling point of view just like theory and that the balance of theory and application should be established in modeling education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, linas, a newly developed variety of safflower plant, were used for biodiesel production. Fuel properties and exhaust emission values of biodiesel fuel (B100) and alternative blended fuels containing different volumetric amounts of diesel (M100), biodiesel (B100) and n-butanol (BU) or n-pentanol (P) (diesel / biodiesel / nbutanol and diesel / biodiesel / n-pentanol) were evaluated in comparison with the reference fuel diesel (M100). In addition, in the study, the effects of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN) on fuel properties and emission values have been examined by adding EHN cetane improver additive to mixture fuels at a concentration of 2000 ppm. Exhaust emission tests of all fuels and mixtures were carried out in a four-cylinder, four-stroke, and direct injection diesel engine at different speeds and full load conditions. According to the results of the research, the fuel properties of diesel, biodiesel, and blended fuels have been determined that comply with biodiesel and diesel fuel standards. Density values of these fuels were determined between 0.830 to 0.8885 kg m-3, kinematic viscosities 2.83 and 4.57 mm²s-1, calorific values 40.13 and 43.4 MJ kg-1, water content 48.015 and 499 ppm, cetane numbers 48.8 and 55.8, cloud point, cold filter plugging point, and pour point -13.9 and -1.4 °C, -22 and -10 °C, -15 and <-20 °C, respectively. While CO, CO2, and NOx emissions of blended fuels show lower values compared to diesel fuel, it has been determined that there are certain rates of increases in HC and O2 emissions. It was determined that the high NOx emissions of biodiesel decreased with the addition of high alcohols to the blend fuels. In general, it has been determined that the fuel properties and emission results of blends containing pentanol show better results than fuels containing butanol. The 2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate additive used in the blend was effective in improving the emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although flow in biological materials sometimes behaves like a continuous one, it cannot be simulated with continuity-based modeling when it comes to discontinuous flow behavior. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) in combination with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a computational method for modeling particles in fluid flow by tracking their motion. DEM is widely used in the field of engineering, and its use in the agricultural field is increasing. This study analyzes the CFD-DEM relationship of biological material in aerodynamic systems and reviews current applications. In the article, the definition of aerodynamic systems as a basic principle, particle-fluid and particle-particle interaction forces in the system, modeling of particle motions, CFD-DEM coupling method, and analysis applications of agricultural aerodynamic systems are examined. In this study, simulation experiments were carried out at 100 g/s and 200 g/s straw feeding values at each value of 18-15- 12-10-8-6-4 m/s air and straw inlet velocities. The flow near the cyclone walls caused the straw particles to be directed towards the lower exit end of the cyclone. At feed densities of 100 g/s and 200 g/s, the least particle output was obtained at a rate of 18 m/s. The highest cyclone output efficiency was obtained at feed densities of 100 g/s and 200 g/s at a velocity of 12 m/s. The compatibility of the trial simulation results with the literature showed that the CFD-DEM application is an important approach to study the behavior of particulate matter in fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of intravenous busulfan (Bu) has been recommended for safe engraftment and decreased toxicity in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study aims to compare HSCT‐related outcomes, such as acute or chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD), sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS), event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) in children with and without TDM for busulfan. Methods: This retrospective study conducted between February 2012 and February 2021 at our Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit included 172 patients (34% girls) with a median age of 4.70 years (IQR 2.41–10.01). Group A consisted of 46 patients whose Bu doses were adjusted according to actual body weight, and group B consisted of 126 patients whose Bu dose adjustments made according to TDM. Results: Totally, 32 patients (19%) developed moderate or severe SOS. The incidence of SOS was significantly higher in the group without TDM (29% vs. 15%, p =.041). A multivariable analysis showed that the presence of acute GvHD and one alkylating drug‐containing conditioning regimen compared with two or three were associated with SOS (p =.03 and p =.002, respectively). In patients with TDM, cumulative Bu dose and area under curve also were not associated with SOS. Other HSCT‐related outcomes such as acute or chronic GvHD, relapse and graft rejection rates, OS and EFS rates did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: TDM and making dose adjustments with Bayesian forecasting over four days of Bu therapy optimizes exposure and reduces the risk of SOS in children undergoing HSCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is almost impossible to talk about a monocultural society in the world that exist diversity and differences. Cultural diversity also makes its presence felt in schools, as in every atmosphere. Pre-school institutions, where children leave their home environment and are involved in the educational environment for the first time, are the places in which each child brings the cultural diversity of himself and his family, and in which peer interaction first occurs and develops. For these reasons, it is important to determine the views and practices of pre-school teachers about multiculturalism and its applications. In this study, a phenomenological research model, one of the qualitative research methods, was used by interviewing 23 preschool teachers working in official independent kindergartens in the city center of Diyarbakır. Data were collected through interviews with teachers, and content analysis was used in the analysis of the data. So far as the results of the research; it has been determined that the number of teachers who make arrangements in terms of multiculturalism in their classrooms is quite low, and the teachers who do not make arrangements for this, justify that the children in their classes are from Diyarbakır province or its surroundings, and ignore the cultural diversity of the province they work in. It was designated that all of the participants included the issues of respect for differences in their plans, and due to the pandemic, the diversity of teachers' activities for multiculturalism and respect for differences decreased. It has been determined that teachers focus on different themes and subjects due to the limited education period during the pandemic process. All the teachers participating in the study emphasized that it is more effective to address cultural issues in face-to-face education, however it was determined that they could not associate some of their practices with multiculturalism and respect for differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the changing living conditions and developing technology, digital parenting has become a noteworthy concept. Opening their eyes in a digital world, children have started to meet their needs such as games with digital games. The aim of this study is to examine parents' digital awareness levels and their views on the effects of digital games at an early age in terms of demographic variables. The quantitative research method was adopted in the study, and the model of the research is the factorial pattern, one of the multivariate designs that aims to reveal the effects of multiple independent variables together. The research group consists of 523 parents selected from the parents of children between the ages of 3-8, using the random sampling method. MANOVA was applied for nine dependent variables and five independent variables in the study. Result of the research, the digital awareness levels of parents differ only in the risk protection sub-dimension according to the number of children parents have. The digital awareness levels of parents differ only in the risk protection sub-dimension according to the number of children parents have. The digital awareness levels of parents differ significantly in the sub-dimensions of protection from risks, efficient use and digital neglect according to the independent variable of the type of game their children prefer to play. Parental awareness levels regarding the effects of digital games on their children at an early age show a significant difference according to the independent variables of the age when children start playing digital games and the type of game their children prefer to play. Parental awareness levels about the effects of digital games on their children at early ages differ significantly only in the social sub-dimension according to the age when children start playing digital games. Parental awareness levels regarding the effects of digital games on their children at an early age differ significantly according to the independent variable of the type of game their children prefer to play, with fun, physical, social and emotional sub-dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Omer Halisdemir Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Economics & Admistrative Sciene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes and knowledge level about the cultural property of the students as tourist guide candidates who study in the Tourism Guidance Department of Balıkesir University. In the study, it is prefered quantitative research method, used convenience sampling method. The research is carried out between 04-17 May 2018. The sample of the study, used face to face survey technique, consists of 231 students. As a result of the research, it was determined that most of the students would like to guide tourists when they graduated. In the study, it was concluded that the students' level of knowledge about the cultural property is high and their attitudes towards cultural property are positive. Tourist guide candidates have sufficient awareness about protecting historical artifacts, protecting national culture and reacting to those who damage historical artifacts. It is among the suggestions of the research that it is possible to measure tourist guides' knowledge and attitudes about cultural assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic neuroma (TN) is a non-neoplastic proliferative response developing against neuronal injury. Its pathogenesis is unknown: While its overall incidence is low, the incidence of traumatic neuroma development following mastectomy is even lower. Thirty-eight post-mastectomy traumatic neuromas in 30 patients were reported in the literature. Only two of these were in the axillary region, whereas the others had originated from the mastectomy scar tissue. Even though the ultrasonographic examination reveals the features of a benign mass, performing a histopathological examination is a must for definitive diagnosis of the mass and exclusion of local recurrence, mainly when it has developed following cancer surgery. Here, we aimed to discuss in the light of the literature a patient who had undergone mastectomy and axillary dissection with the diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma eight years ago and underwent recurrent axillary dissection with the preliminary diagnosis of axillary metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkey is among the world's tourist destinations with its modern facilities and high quality service in addition to its natural beauties, historical past and cultural heritage. Istanbul has an important position among these destinations with its tourism resources and the tourist density it hosts. Tourist guides play an important role in the promotion of Istanbul. Because tourist guides are important actors in tourism industry, which accompanies tourists during their travels, helps tourists to get know the region they visit and makes a significant contribution to the interaction between tourists and local people. It is aimed with this study to determine foreign tourists' perceptions about Turkey, Istanbul, tourism and tourist guide through metaphors. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted and a semi-structures interview form was prepared. Information was collected through the prepared interview form by face-to-face interviews with Russian, German and Iranian tourists visiting Istanbul with a tour guide. The tourists, participated in this research, developed various metaphors for the forenamed concepts. These metaphors were divided into categories by examining their common features and previous studies. Also it has been tried to determine whether there are differences between metaphors and categories developed by tourists according to their nationalities. As a result of this study iı has been identified that Russian and German tourists developed metaphors related to society about Turkey. Iranian tourists often develop metaphors related to environment about Turkey. For the concept of Istanbul, German tourists developed metaphors related to emotions, Russian and Iranian tourists developed metaphors related to history and culture. For the concept of tourism, German and Russian tourists mostly develop metaphors related to classical perceptions, while Iranian tourists frequently develop metaphors about economy. All three groups of tourists developed metaphors about qualifications for the concept of tourist guide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of STEM education is to provide students with knowledge and skills in science, technology, mathematics, and engineering through interdisciplinary approaches. However, perspective on the nature of STEM approaches and how it should be implemented in the classrooms without losing discipline integrity are still not uncovered and stay as important challenges for both educators and researchers. In this paper, we introduce a theoretical framework that can shed light on how to engage students effectively in STEM education by providing mathematical modeling as a tool for integrating different disciplines. Thus, this framework is for designing, implementing, and evaluating mathematical modeling thinking within an interdisciplinary nature. Furthermore, we provide an example of the interdisciplinary mathematical modeling task with hypothetical student engagement in the process and analyzed the student's thinking with our framework. Although the focus of this paper is mainly about integrating mathematics and science, we believe that our framework can be applied to all STEM disciplines. We conclude that interdisciplinary mathematical modeling framework might be an important tool to overcome some of the challenges that stressed in the literature since it increases the transfer capacity of STEM-focused knowledge and skills to real-world scenarios by presenting problem situations in a real-world context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterised by recurrent, self-limited attacks of fever with serositis. Recently, it was shown that FMF patients with early disease onset have more severe disease. The aim of this study was to describe the demographic, clinical and genetic features of FMF patients who had disease onset during the neonatal period. Methods: Medical records of all patients diagnosed as FMF and had been seen in the outpatient clinic of Paediatric Rheumatology department between January 2013 and January 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with disease onset during the first month of life were included to the study. Results: Among 317 patients; 19 (12 males) were included to the study. Approximately 60% of the patients had family history of FMF. Homozygous p.M694V mutation was detected in 42% of the cases. Thirteen patients present with attacks of fever and remaining had attacks in the form of restlessness, resembling infantile colic starting in the neonatal period. Majority of these patients developed classical abdominal attacks between the ages of 1 and 2.5 years. The diagnosis of FMF was significantly delayed; the median age at onset of therapy was 3.5 years (range 7 months-17 years). Conclusion: Patients with FMF could have complaints even in the neonatal period. Homozygous p.M694V mutation is a prominent mutation in this group of patients. In order to prevent diagnostic delay physicians dealing with these type of patients should be more vigilant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-comments, defined as the comments about the products and services in virtual environments, are important sources of information for the consumers. E-comments on most visited museums in Turkey have been examined using content analysis method in this study. As a result of the evaluation 2224 comments in total on the most visited museums in Turkey have been analyzed. 498 topics have been determined within these comments, 322 being positive and 176 being negative. These topics have been repeated 5650 times; 4857 times positively and 793 times negatively. The rate of positive topics has been determined as 85,96% and negative ones as 14,04%; which is an indication of the positive experiences the commentators had. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dermatology is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Theoretical Educational Science / Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitisü Dergisi is the property of Adiyaman University, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this research is to determine the attitudes of students studying tourism guiding towards their profession. In this regard, after the literature has been reviewed, a survey has been implemented to 298 students, studying tourism guiding at the Tourism Faculty of Balıkesir University, to determine their attitudes towards their profession. The surveys have been carried out face-to-face between September, 7th and October 23rd, 2015. Percentage and frequency distribution of collected data have been made. Also, Mann - Whitney - U analysis has been conducted to determine whether there is a difference between their opinions and the genders of the students, their will at the time of choosing this department, their level of having knowledge about this profession before they were enrolled to this department. Kruskal - Wallis analysis has been conducted to determine whether there is a difference between their opinions and the grade of the students, the high school they graduated from. As a result of this research, it has been determined that the students are willing to perform the profession of tourism guiding. Also, it has been found out between that the student's attitudes towards guiding profession is more positive; who chose tourism guiding department willingly, who had knowledge about this profession before; and who are at the first class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studies on tourist guiding in the books of National Tourism Congresses between 1990 and 2015 have been evaluated within the scope of several parameters. In this context, the purposes of this study are to reveal general features of tourist guiding literature and make it easier for the researchers of this area to be studied. Frequency and percentage analysis of collected data were conducted after they were loaded to statistical analysis package software. As a result of the analysis, it was obvious that the highest number of papers were published in the 15th National Tourism Congress. With regards to the number of writers, works with two authors were the majority. The most frequently used key words in the papers were "tourism" and "tourism guiding". The first and second writers were found to be working at the University of Balıkesir and the most studied subject was education in the papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of the Problem: Tourist guide is the person that someone encounters first in the country that he or she had gone for holiday and he accompanies them during their holidays. For this reason, it is important that apart from the sufficient knowledge and qualification the tourist guide has, he or she should has the necessary communication equipment for information transfer. But when the training process of the tourist guide is examined, it is observed that not too much importance was given to the communication area in the context of tourist guide training both in common and formal training. This situation may affect the performance of the tourist guides negatively. Purpose of the study: Determination of the views of the tourists that came to Turkey on the importance given by the tourists to the communication competencies of tourist guides and to communication performance of the tourist guides and examination of the factors that affects these views by CHAID analysis. Method: The data were collected by the questionnaire that is prepared for having data about the views that the tourists that came to Antalya has about importance given by the tourists to the communication competencies of tourist guides and to communication performance of the tourist guides. The data that acquired were analyzed with SPSS programme. Findings: At the end of the research it is determined that the most important factor for the importance given by the tourists to the communication competencies of tourist guides and to communication performance of the tourist guides is country variable. Results: Importance that the English Tourist guides gave to the communication competence is much more than Germans and Russians. Similarly the view of English tourists on communication performance is much more positive than the Russians and the Germans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Travel & Hospitality Management / Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi is the property of SIMEDYA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During well-child visits, as pediatricians generally focus on physical examination, speech and language delay may be ignored. Speech and language delay is associated with genetic, emotional, neuropsychiatric or idiopathic causes. The prevelance in our country has not been established. When speech and language delay is suspected, the pediatrician should discuss this concern with the family and, if required, refer the child to a speech-language therapist. In this review, the issue is discussed from the perspective of pediatrics and what a pediatrician needs to know. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this study, the methyl ester production process from neutralized waste cooking oils is optimized by using alkali-catalyzed (KOH) single-phase reaction. The optimization process is performed depending on the parameters, such as catalyst concentration, methanol/oil ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time. The optimum methyl ester conversion efficiency was 90.1% at the optimum conditions of 0.7 wt% of potassium hydroxide, 25 wt% methanol/oil ratio, 90 min reaction time and 60°C reaction temperature. After the fuel characteristics of the methyl ester obtained under optimum conditions were determined, the effect on engine performance, CO and NOx emissions of methyl ester was investigated in a diesel engine with a single cylinder and direct injection. When compared to diesel fuel, engine power and torque decreased when using methyl ester, and specific fuel consumption increased. NOx emission increases at a rate of 18.4% on average through use of methyl ester.