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Practical Application The objective of this study was to create and characterize an innovative granola, a popular choice in quick breakfasts. The granola samples were sweetened with agave syrup (A), honey (H), and stevia (S) and produced using conventional oven (1) and microwave (2) baking techniques at temperatures of 160°C and 300 W, respectively. Among the samples, H1 exhibited the highest total sugar content (26.64 ng/µL), with fructose being the predominant monosaccharide in A and H samples, whereas saccharose and maltose were more prominent in S‐containing samples. Hydroxymethylfurfural was absent in S2, but its concentrations ranged between 10.52 and 85.78 ppm in the other samples. Linoleic acid constituted nearly 52% of the fatty acid composition in all granolas. In terms of organic acid composition, malic acid ranged between 1189.55 and 2022.95 µg/mL, and citric acid fell within the range of 341.58 and 1824.04 µg/mL. The granola specimens also contained individual phenolic compounds, such as vanillic acid, vanillin, ferulic acid, propyl gallate, and pyrocatechol.This study demonstrates that both baking method and sweetener choice significantly impact the chemical quality attributes of granola, which is a popular breakfast cereal. Microwave baking can be a faster and potentially healthier option, whereas stevia offers a low‐calorie sweetener alternative. Further research is needed to maximize health benefits of granola products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the oils of Abelmoschus esculentus, Peganum harmala, and Aquilaria agallocha grown in different regions of Muğla, Türkiye were obtained using the cold pressing and maceration techniques. The oils were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine their fatty acid compositions. Thirty-seven fatty acids were detected. Palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), and oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9) were the major components in all oils. Additionally, the anti-diabetic activity of the oils was screened against a-amylase and a-glycosidase, which are the related enzymes to diabetes mellitus. Promising results regarding anti-diabetic activity for Aquilaria agallocha oils were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study reports the green synthesis of Berberis vulgaris root water-mediated silver nanoparticles (BvAgNPs) showcasing high purity, size-controlled morphology, and potential anti-diabetic activity. Characterization techniques confirmed the successful synthesis of predominantly spherical BvAgNPs within the 15–70 nm range, coated with organic moieties from the extract. Remarkably, BvAgNPs exhibited significantly enhanced α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared to the extract alone, with inhibition higher for α-amylase. This superior anti-diabetic activity, even comparable to the standard drug Acarbose for α-amylase inhibition, highlights the potential of BvAgNPs as natural and potentially less-toxic alternatives in diabetes management. Further research on their mechanisms and in vivo efficiency is warranted to pave the way for their future application as promising anti-diabetic therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Context:Stachys guyonianaNoë ex. Batt. andMentha aquaticaL. are two Algerian Lamiaceae used in folk medicine. Objective:To investigate their antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antibacterial activities. Material and methods:n-Butanol (BESG), ethyl acetate (EESG) and chloroform (CESG) extracts ofS. guyonianaand methanol (MEMA) and chloroform (CEMA) aerial part extracts ofM. aquaticaand methanol (MERMA) and acetone (AERMA) roots extracts ofM. aquaticawere evaluated for their antioxidant activity by the β-carotene-linoleic acid, DPPH•and ABTS•+ scavenging, CUPRAC and metal chelating assays. The anticholinesterase activity was tested against AChE and BChE. The antibacterial activity was assessed by MICs determination againstEscherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Salmonella heidelberg,Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenesandMorganella morganiistrains. Results:In the β-carotene test, the CESG (IC50: 2.3 ± 1.27 μg/mL) exhibited the highest activity. The BESG was the best scavenger of DPPH•(IC50: 2.91 ± 0.14 μg/mL). In the ABTS test, AERMA was the most active (IC50: 4.21 ± 0.28 μg/mL). However, with the CUPRAC, the BESG exhibited the best activity (A0.50: 0.15 ± 0.05 μg/mL) and was active in metal chelating assay with 48% inhibition at 100 μg/mL. The BESG was the best AChE inhibitor (IC50: 5.78 ± 0.01 μg/mL) however, the AERMA showed the highest BChE inhibitory activity (IC50: 19.23 ± 1.42 μg/mL). The tested extracts exhibited a good antibacterial activity. Conclusion:This study demonstrated good antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antibacterial potential ofS. guyonianaandM. aquatica,which fits in well with their use in folk medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, phenolic content of Pinus brutia's bark was examined using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization source (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) working in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Ultrasonic extraction method with 50% ethanol solution was used for the extraction of bark. The bark of Pinus brutia consisted of 15 compounds: gallic acid, gentisic acid, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, catechin hydrate, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, myricetin, resveratrol, luteolin, naringenin, kaempferol. Major compound detected was catechin hydrate (28.305 mg 100 g-1 extract). The phenolic compounds of Pinus brutia extract and pycnogenol were compared, and it is shown that both of them consisted of considerable amount of phenolic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]