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Background: Histopathological features after radical prostatectomy (RP) provide important information for the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa). The possible correlations between Prostate-Imaging Reporting and Data Scoring System (PIRADS) scores in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) may also be predictive for prognosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the correlation of PIRADS scores with histopathological data. Methods: A total of 177 patients who underwent preoperative mpMRI and RP for PCa from eight institutions were included in the study. Correlation of PIRADS score in preoperative mpMRI with adverse histopathological factors in RP specimen was investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The relationship between PIRADS score and postoperative extracapsular extension, lymphovascular invasion, and seminal vesicle involvement was significant (P

Objective:To determine the clinicopathologic and oncologic outcomes of testis-sparing surgery (TSS) by evaluating the data of patients who underwent TSS in our clinic.Materials and Methods:A total of 24 patients (27 testes) who underwent TSS in the last 16 years were included in the study. All the patients presented with a solitary testicular mass or bilateral testicular mass. Preoperative tumor markers were investigated and scrotal ultrasonography was performed in all patients. Surgery was performed with inguinal incision, temporary clamping of the spermatic cord and frozen section analysis (FSA) of the lesion. Intraoperative data, histopathological findings, and recurrence status were analyzed.Results:The mean follow-up period was 96 months. The mean age of the patients was 29.7 (18-66) years. The mean tumor diameter was 11 mm (2-18). TSS was performed bilaterally in 3 patients and unilaterally in 24 patients. According to the final pathology report, 18 (66.7%) of the masses were benign and 9 (33.3%) were malignant. Intraoperative FSA was performed in 17 patients (70.8%). FSA revealed malign histopathology in 6 patients and complementary orchiectomy was performed in 4 of these patients. 14 patients (51.9%) were detected to have positive surgical margins. Two of these patients had seminoma diagnosis and radical orchiectomy was performed due to recurrence on follow-up in these patients. TSS was performed in all patients without any significant intra-postoperative complications.Conclusion:TSS may have significant functional and cosmetic benefits without worsening oncologic results in appropriately selected patients.

Objective:This study aimed to compare shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) with ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) for ureteral stones in terms of stone-free rates, complication rates, and overall treatment costs.Materials and Methods:Data of 886 adult patients who underwent URS or SWL were retrospectively evaluated, of which 184 patients underwent SWL and 702 underwent URS. The groups were compared in terms of patient characteristics, stone-free rates, complications, and costs.Results:No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of age, gender, and relevant sides (p>0.05). A significant difference was observed in favor of SWL for upper ureteral stones

PURPOSE: The PSA recurrence develops in 27 to 53% within ten years after radical prostatectomy (RP). We investigated the factors (disease grade and stage or the surgeon's expertise,) more likely to influence biochemical recurrence in men post-radical prostatectomy for organ-confined prostate cancer by different surgeons in the same institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 510 patients that underwent radical prostatectomy were investigated retrospectively. Biochemical recurrence was defined as detection of a PSA level of > 0.20 ng/mL by two subsequent measurements. The causes, which are likely to influence the development of PSA recurrence, were separated into two groups as those related to the disease and those related to the surgical technique. RESULTS: Biochemical recurrence was detected in 23.5% (120 cases) of 510 cases. The parameters most likely to influence biochemical recurrence were: PSA level (p < 0.0001), T stage (p < 0.0001), the presence of extracapsular invasion prostate (p < 0.0001), Gleason scores (p = 0.042, p < 0.0001) and the presence of biopsy with perineural invasion (p = 0.03). The only surgical factor that demonstrated relevance was inadvertent capsular incision during the surgery that influenced the PSA recurrence (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The PSA recurrence was detected in 21.6% of patients who had been treated with radical prostatectomy within 5 years, which indicates that the parameters related to the disease and the patient have a pivotal role in the PSA recurrence.

PURPOSE: To investigate the preferences and practice patterns of urooncologicsurgeons in Turkey on bowel preparation and peri-operative management forradical cystectomy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted by Turkish Uro oncology Association as a multicenter survey. Participants were asked to fill in questionnairesdispensed at annual oncologic meeting or using internet access to the website of Urooncology Association. The questionnaire consisted of multiplechoice or open-ended questions related to frequency of cystectomy, surgicaltechnique and type of diversion, bowel preparation protocol, nasogastric tubeapplications, antibiotic prophylaxis, and deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis.Collected data from the survey were presented descriptively.RESULTS: Forty-four questionnaires from 44 surgeons of different centerswere evaluated. All participants answered that they always perform bowelpreparation before cystectomy. Four participants reported that they had anexperience of cystectomy without bowel preparation. Bowel preparationmethods included long conservative methods, short enema protocols, and Golytely, but there were significant differences in application of each method.Of participants, 88.6% perform diversion by themselves whereas others askhelp from a general surgeon. Antibiotic prophylaxis is preferred mostly by 2agents using third-generation cephalosporins and metronidazole for a periodof 5 days or more in the majority. Type, duration, and dosage of deep veinthrombosis prophylaxis differed among participants.CONCLUSION: There are significant individual differences in peri-operativemanagement of radical cystectomy, which render deficient and sometimesinadequate patient care. There is a need to establish standard protocols forbowel preparation and adequate peri-operative management for radicalcystectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effects of zoledronic acid (ZA) on tumor related growth factor IL-6 in hormone resistant prostate cancer cell lines. The association between apoptosis and IL-6 inhibition was also assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PC-3 and DU145 cell lines were treated with different concentrations of ZA (1-100µM) at various intervals (24-72 h.). The cell viability was investigated by XTT assay and apoptotic effect was evaluated by cell death detection ELISA kit. Caspase 3/7 activity assay was performed to confirm apoptosis. IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA in the supernatant, and these data were also confirmed by IL-6 mRNA analysis using RT-PCR. RESULTS: PC-3 and DU145 cell lines were sensitive to ZA mediated cytotoxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, the apoptotic effect was significantly different among PC-3 and DU145 cells (p < 0.05). IL-6 secretion was significantly lower in both cell lines, compared to the untreated control cells (p < 0.05). Although the increased inhibition of IL-6 secretion was associated with increased apoptosis in DU145 cells (p = 0.002), there was no similar association for PC-3 cell line (p = 0.347). When compared to the untreated controls, the number of cDNA copies was significantly lower in the ZA treated DU145 cell line at doses of 30 and 90µM (p < 0.05), suggesting a reduced expression of IL-6 mRNA. CONCLUSION: ZA exhibited a time- and dose-dependent apoptotic effect on PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines and this effect was associated with inhibited secretion of IL-6 in DU145 cell line.

Today, shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), and flexible ureterorenoscopy (URS) are the most widely used modalities for the management of renal stones. In earlier series, treatment success of renal calculi assessed with KUB radiography, ultrasound, or intravenous pyelography which are less sensitive than CT that leads to be diversity of study results in reporting outcome. Residual fragments (RFs) after interventional therapies may cause pain, infection, or obstruction. The size and location of RFs following SWL and PCNL are the major predictors for clinical significant symptoms and stone events requiring intervention. There is no consensus regarding schedule for followup of SWL, PCNL, and flexible URS. Active monitoring can be recommended when the stones become symptomatic, increase in size, or need intervention. RFs