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The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to describe the sleep health goals in 35 young adults age 18–30 years with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We reviewed clinician sleep reports generated from wrist-worn actigraphs with participants during an in-depth semistructured telephone interview. Interviews were audio-recorded then transcribed verbatim. We performed a constant comparison method for content analysis using NVivoTM. The following two overarching health goals are identified: (a) promoting sleep (quantity, quality, hygiene, bedtime/waketime) and (b) improving diabetes self-management (time in range, sleep and glucose monitoring, and diet). Young adults in the study readily generated goals after visualizing their sleep reports. Sleep data visualization and debriefing is an effective strategy to elicit health goals for young adults with T1D. Supporting young adults with T1D to achieve their health goals for sleep promotion and diabetes self-management is a promising direction for improved sleep and consequently the attainment of glycemic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This concept paper described the process of bridging the gaps in one of the methods for determining wheel over point (WOP). WOP is a marking made on charted courses to indicate a point at which a ship should change course. Identifying WOP is vital to avoid the vessel overshooting the planned track. One method for determining WOP is the advanced transfer technique. However, two issues were identified while reviewing this technique. Therefore, an improved mathematical model could be developed to overcome these problems. A manoeuvring analysis using a ship simulator will be performed to test the developed mathematical model's efficacy. The data obtained from the simulation study can be validated further by its adherence to the cross track limit, reduction in percentage change, and using IBM SPSS for the Mann-Whitney U test. The developed mathematical model is expectantly capable of producing a better track-keeping function and suitable for use onboard a cargo ship. The mathematical model also could be implemented as an algorithm in the Electronic Chart Display and Information System to help navigators make more efficient course changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examines how interactive data visualization can augment the persuasive potential of health information. In an experiment using an obesity-awareness website (N = 248), we manipulated the level of interactivity in a data visualization tool that featured obesity prevalence in the U.S. and measured participants' absorption into the website, perceived issue severity, content perceptions, and intentions to prevent/treat obesity. Our data demonstrated that lower BMI participants reported greater cognitive absorption when highly interactive data visualization was available on the website. Subsequently, greater cognitive absorption into the website led to higher perceived issue severity, greater content perceptions, and higher obesity prevention intentions among lower BMI participants but not among higher BMI participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the wireless sensor network unmanned driving infringement identification system, this paper focuses on the application of data mining technology and state machine technology and designs and implements a set of practical and effective. Self-driving cars can reduce the frequency of traffic accidents, alleviate urban traffic congestion, improve people's travel efficiency, and lower the threshold of driving and other social values. The data processing program and a number of algorithms are given, and a complete set of data processing procedures and algorithms are proposed, including the collection of raw sensor data, the preprocessing of the collected data, and the feature extraction of the processed data. In the experiment, the unmanned driving infringement monitoring network was first designed to conduct real-time monitoring of unmanned driving infringements during transportation and application. Aiming at the characteristics of unmanned driving infringements, a monitoring network platform was designed for remote control and large-scale monitoring. Secondly, according to the characteristics of the unmanned driving infringement monitoring sensor network, the unmanned driving infringement node monitoring terminal is designed. The monitoring terminal part mainly designs the sensor module, the wireless communication module, the display warning module power module, and the data mining processing module. The sensor modules, respectively, include temperature, humidity, and concentration sensors, and the communication mode in the communication module mainly adopts Wi-Fi. At the same time, the research is based on wireless sensor network, combined with data mining technology, puts forward a sensory data display system model based on data mining technology, and conducts an in-depth analysis of the sensory data display system model, including the logical level of the system, system architecture, and functional modules. Finally, it focuses on the specific application of data mining technology in environmental information analysis and prediction, uses JAVA programming and realizes a data analysis and display system based on wireless sensor network, and verifies the accuracy of the data mining algorithm. The experimental results analyze the application of data mining technology in the driverless infringement determination system and use a large number of unmanned driving infringements to analyze the determination rules, so as to realize the interaction between active people and driverless cars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Electrochromism (EC) is a unique property of certain materials that undergo an electrochemical-induced change in colouration. During the last decades, electrochromic materials (ECMs) have been applied in a variety of technologies ranging from smart windows to information displays and energy storage devices. More recently, ECMs have attracted the attention of the (bio)sensing community thanks to their ability to combine the sensitivity of electrochemical methods with the intuitive readout of optical sensors. Although still a nascent technology, EC-based sensors are on the rise with several targets (e.g. cancer biomarkers, bacteria, metabolites and pesticides), which have already been detected by (bio)sensors using ECMs as transducers. In this review, we provide the reader with all the information to understand EC and its use in the development of EC-based biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Visually explore the rates of and relationships between overall physical and mental health, sleep disturbances, and depression rates in a single sample of caregivers of persons with dementia, caregivers of persons with other chronic illness, and non‐caregiving adults. Design: Exploratory descriptive study utilizing data visualization methods. Methods: Data were analyzed from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System dataset. Multiple graphs and charts were developed to visualize data between groups. Descriptive statistics analyzed the rates of variables of interest across the three groups. One‐way analysis of variance assessed relationships between variables. Results: Caregivers of persons with dementia and of other chronic illnesses reported poorer health outcomes as compared to non‐caregiving adults. However, caregivers of persons with other chronic illnesses reported the worst outcomes of all groups. Depression and sleep disturbances were prevalent in all three groups. Conclusions: The quality of life of caregivers of persons with dementia and chronic illness is impacted by poorer health outcomes, specifically mental health and sleep. Clinical Relevance: Findings support the need for caregiver‐specific interventions that target overall physical and mental health, depression, and sleep disturbances. However, we also found support for mental health and sleep interventions for all individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nepheline‐based transparent glass‐ceramics are promising candidates for cover glass applications in electronic displays owing to their superior mechanical properties (than glasses) and ability to be chemically strengthened. However, our poor understanding about the kinetic and thermodynamic drivers controlling their crystallization processes usually results in their opacification and development of large internal stresses. The present work focuses on the development of nepheline‐based nanocrystalline transparent glass‐ceramic designed in the Na2O–Al2O3–SiO2 ternary system nucleated with P2O5. The temporal evolution of the phosphate and nepheline nanocrystal formation has been followed using X‐ray diffraction, scanning/transmission electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. The incorporation of P2O5 in the glass structure leads to the phase separation resulting in the crystallization of nanocrystalline Na3PO4 as an intermediate phase; thus, acting as a nucleating site for volume crystallization of nepheline. The optimization of nucleation and growth profile in the designed composition results in the formation of a transparent glass‐ceramic with high optical transmittance (91.5 ± 0.1%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conducting remote laboratory‐based courses in electronics is a major challenge primarily because of the hardware requirements. This paper describes a laboratory course on information display technologies specially designed and implemented for remote learning. The course was successfully offered during the COVID‐19 lockdown and has an online instruction component to introduce the concepts, as well as a laboratory part involving hands‐on work. The course covers experiments on fundamental concepts related to perception and color, liquid crystal displays (LCD), light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), and a final project where a mechanical display is designed and built. Course assessment based on an anonymous survey shows the hands‐on work enhanced the student learning and improved course understanding from an average of 2.5/5 measured at the start of the course to 4/5 at the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al 2 O 3 thin film was deposited on Gorilla glass using an aerosol deposition method to improve the mechanical property of cover glass for mobile electronic device. The deposited Al 2 O 3 film (approximately 1 μm thick) was a polycrystalline structure and showed a high light transmittance of approximately 90% in the visible light region. The CIE color space (L*a*b) measurement also showed a characteristic corresponding to the acceptable optical range of the cover glass. Further, it was confirmed that the bending strength improved by 10 %, as compared with bare Gorilla glass (from 6970 kgf/cm2 to 7704 kgf/cm2), and the Vickers hardness increased to approximately 1700–2000 HV, as compared with that of Gorilla glass (<700 HV). Owing to the improved mechanical properties, the Al 2 O 3 thin film exhibited good anti-scratch properties and is expected to be applied to the cover glass of various display products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of reproducing high dynamic range (HDR) images on electronic display and photography with restricted dynamic range has gained a lot of interest in the consumer electronics community. There exist various approaches to this issue, e.g., tone mapping operators (TMOs) and multi-exposure fusion algorithms (MEFs). Many existing image quality assessment (IQA) methods have been proposed to compare images of quality degradation generated by TMOs/MEFs. Although promising performances have been achieved, they seldom consider local specific artifacts difference (i.e., abnormal exposure and color cast) related with the TMOs/MEFs. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a Blind Quality Evaluator of Tone-Mapped HDR and Multi-Exposure Fused Images (BQE-TM/MEFI). First, two purpose-designed segment models are utilized to distinguish well-exposedness dense patches (WEDPes) and non-WEDPes, color cast patches (CCPes) and non-CCPes respectively. Second, multiple quality-perception features are extracted to measure local artifacts: 1) structure and sharpness features from WEDPes, 2) saturation features from non-CCPes, and 3) edge structure features. Then, three new low-complexity regional features (over-exposure ratio, entropy and color confidence index) are calculated based on over-exposure segmentation model. Finally, all extracted features are aggregated into a machine-learning regression model to pool a quality score. The simplicity and good performance of the proposed method makes it suitable for electronic displays and other consumer electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality (AR) is widely used to guide users when performing complex tasks, for example, in education or industry. Sometimes, these tasks are a succession of subtasks, possibly distant from each other. This can happen, for instance, in inspection operations, where AR devices can give instructions about subtasks to perform in several rooms. In this case, AR guidance is both needed to indicate where to head to perform the subtasks and to instruct the user about how to perform these subtasks. In this paper, we propose an approach based on user activity detection. An AR device displays the guidance for wayfinding when current user activity suggests it is needed. We designed the first prototype on a head-mounted display using a neural network for user activity detection and compared it with two other guidance temporality strategies, in terms of efficiency and user preferences. Our results show that the most efficient guidance temporality depends on user familiarity with the AR display. While our proposed guidance has not proven to be more efficient than the other two, our experiment hints toward several improvements of our prototype, which is a first step in the direction of efficient guidance for both wayfinding and complex task completion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Display clutter is known to degrade search performance and lead to differences in eye movement measures in different contexts. The goal of this study was to determine whether these differences in eye movements could be detected in the first few seconds of a search task using a realistic display, both with or without time pressure. Participants were asked to search for image or word targets in 40 website screenshots. Time pressure was introduced for half the trials. Clutter algorithms were used to classify the websites as low- or high-clutter. Performance, subjective, and eye-tracking metrics were collected. Results showed that people's attention allocation within the first 3 s of search is different when viewing high-clutter websites. In particular, people's spread of attention was larger in high-clutter websites. The results can be used to detect whether a person is struggling with clutter early on after they view a display. Practitioner summary: Eye-tracking metrics showed that people react differently to a cluttered website in a variety of conditions. These differences were evident within the first 3 s of the search. The eye-tracking metrics identified can be used to detect people struggling with clutter as soon as they look at a website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lately, improvements in game engines have increased the interest in virtual reality (VR) technologies, that engages users with an artificial environment, and have led to the adoption of VR systems to display geospatial data. Because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and thus the necessity to stay at home, VR tours became very popular. In this paper, we tried to create a three-dimensional (3D) virtual tour for Gebze Technical University (GTU) Southern Campus by transferring high-resolution unmanned air vehicle (UAV) data into a virtual domain. UAV data is preferred in various applications because of its high spatial resolution, low cost and fast processing time. In this application, the study area was captured from different modes and altitudes of UAV flights with a minimum ground sampling distance (GSD) of 2.18 cm using a 20 MP digital camera. The UAV data was processed in Structure from Motion (SfM) based photogrammetric evaluation software Agisoft Metashape and high-quality 3D textured mesh models were generated. Image orientation was completed using an optimal number of ground control points (GCPs), and the geometric accuracy was calculated as ±8 mm (~0.4 pixels). To create the VR tour, UAV-based mesh models were transferred into the Unity game engine and optimization processes were carried out by applying occlusion culling and space subdivision algorithms. To improve the visualization, 3D object models such as trees, lighting poles and arbours were positioned on VR. Finally, textual metadata about buildings and a player with a first-person camera were added for an informative VR experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the unmanned vehicle system, the state measurement and control technology is one of the key links to realize the real unmanned vehicle. Based on RTK positioning technology and ultrashort wave spread spectrum communication technology, the key technologies of special vehicles with unmanned automatic operation are studied, and a set of state monitoring and control system of special vehicles with unmanned automatic operation is developed. Through the experimental research, the unmanned vehicle state monitoring and control system can better complete the functions of vehicle location and electronic map display and meet the design requirements. The research results provide technical support for the practical application of special vehicles with unmanned automatic operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent efforts to characterize the human microbiome and its relation to chronic diseases have led to a surge in statistical development for compositional data. We develop likelihood-based sufficient dimension reduction methods (SDR) to find linear combinations that contain all the information in the compositional data on an outcome variable, i.e., are sufficient for modeling and prediction of the outcome. We consider several models for the inverse regression of the compositional vector or transformations of it, as a function of outcome. They include normal, multinomial, and Poisson graphical models that allow for complex dependencies among observed counts. These methods yield efficient estimators of the reduction and can be applied to continuous or categorical outcomes. We incorporate variable selection into the estimation via penalties and address important invariance issues arising from the compositional nature of the data. We illustrate and compare our methods and some established methods for analyzing microbiome data in simulations and using data from the Human Microbiome Project. Displaying the data in the coordinate system of the SDR linear combinations allows visual inspection and facilitates comparisons across studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A visual art technique first described in an early issue of CR&A is discussed here in the way it has been modified to expand its practicality. As a first‐of‐its‐kind application of additive color mixture in the two‐dimensional visual arts, the fluorescent mosaic technique is considered in terms of its historical context, and its conceptual and technical development are presented as it grew out of an awareness of a theoretical dissonance between the worlds of art and science. Three visual designs created in the additive fluorescent mosaic technique as proof‐of‐concept demonstrations are presented and discussed as they evolved from early methods requiring special lighting, which severely restricted the technique's applicability, to a more broadly functional method requiring only white light that is strong in blue content, such as average daylight. Because digital photography and electronic displays capture the appearance of fluorescent mosaic images quite well, their use as an educational instrument for teaching color mixture theory on a wide‐scale basis is promising. An outline of basic procedures for creating fluorescent mosaic artwork is provided. As a fine art medium, it is an area of visual expression that is virtually unexplored. Lastly, other approaches to creating visual art using luminous mosaic imagery are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic cigarette use has especially risen among adolescents and young adults. The aim of this study was to investigate fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles in chronic combustible cigarette and electronic cigarette users. We evaluated participants aged 21 to 45 (n = 525, mean age 31 ± 7 years, 45% women) without established cardiovascular disease or risk factors who were combustible cigarette users (n = 290), electronic cigarette users (n = 131; 65 sole users and 66 dual users), or never users (n = 104). In the first wave of enrollment (2014–2017), electronic cigarette users reported their products as first, second and third generation devices (e-cig users) and were all largely current (i.e., dual) or former (sole) combustible cigarette users, whereas in the second wave of enrollment (2019–2020), electronic cigarette users all reported pod-based device use (pod users) and included more sole users who were never smokers. In multivariable-adjusted analyses comparing to never users, both sole e-cig users and combustible cigarette users had higher glucose and triglycerides and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Dual e-cig users showed higher triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lower HDL cholesterol compared to never users. In contrast, pod users (both sole and dual) had lipid profiles and glucose levels similar to never users. Overall, users of early generation electronic cigarettes display adverse metabolic profiles. In contrast, pod-based electronic cigarette users have similar lipid profiles to never users. Future studies are needed to understand the cumulative effects of electronic cigarette use on cardiometabolic health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clients and employers are asking for infographics and visually appealing slides because they see infographics everywhere, and slides at conferences and meetings are looking different than in years past. They want graphical elements, short phrases, connections between ideas to be made clear, and to get to the point right away. Putting together these new deliverables means incorporating a few key elements and thinking differently about how you present data. The elements needed are visual (color coding, graphics, and icons), content (timeframes and timelines, statistics, and references), and knowledge (facts and deductions). Infographics come in different sizes: they can be an image of any size or shape, 1 or 2-page 8.5 by 11 sizes, or rolling infographics that are a standard screen width but any length (meant to be scrolled on a website). When creating visually appealing slides, use templates, icons, colors, and images to bring visual interest; put words into boxes, SmartArt, circles, shapes, charts, and graphics; and pare down the words and showcase certain words (often numbers or shorter phrases) with color, size, or space. Create infographics and visually appealing slides using sites or templates available from these sites and from PowerPoint Office 365 to make this process easier. Getting comfortable with these new visual formats might take some time, research, and exposure, but it can be a worthwhile addition to your skillset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of electronic visual displays for background-oriented schlieren allows for the quick change of the reference images. In this study, we show that the quality of synthetic and background-oriented schlieren images can be improved by acquiring a set of images with different reference images and generating a median displacement field from it. To explore potential benefits, we studied different background changing strategies and their effect on the quality of the evaluation of the displacement field via artificial and experimental image distortions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an embedded naturalistic intervention for teaching augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) application responses to three preschool-aged males with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parents were taught to embed opportunities for their child to communicate with a grid-based AAC application during every-day routines such as play or mealtime. Communication targets included requesting objects using two-step taxonomic navigational responses, and requesting assistance, rejecting items, or making social comments/responses using a two-step message-strip response. During intervention, parents used strategies such as time delay, prompting, reinforcement, and device proximity (faded over time) to encourage target responses. Display formats and intervention targets were selected in consideration of prior dynamic assessment results. Effects of intervention were evaluated using a multiple probe across participants design. For functional navigational AAC item requesting, all three participants showed an immediate increase in responding that maintained at high levels. Functional AAC responding for other communicative purposes also increased, but at a more gradual pace. All three participants showed generalized responding when new items were added to displays, and when display pages with a larger array of folders and vocabulary items were introduced. Generalization to labeling tasks was mixed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an in-depth study and analysis of human action recognition in dancesport video images through chaotic system equations. A novel fractional-order chaotic system model with hidden multistability is constructed. Since this fractional-order chaotic system has no equilibrium point, the equilibrium point stability analysis is not required. The effect of system parameters on the multistability characteristics of the fractional-order chaotic system is investigated in depth by using the control variable method and nonlinear dynamic tools. In addition, the system has a special property of offset incremental control, which makes the system more widely and practically useful in engineering applications. Finally, circuit simulation experiments and hardware circuit experiments are conducted for the fractional-order chaotic system, and the results are consistent with the corresponding theoretical analysis. The system architecture of the mobile augmented reality-based ethnic dynamic art display system is designed, and the system architecture adopts a hierarchical design. The experimental results show that the design method of the mobile augmented reality-based dynamic art display system proposed in this thesis can meet the purpose of expanding the ways of dancesport display, and the system designed in this thesis is customizable and the synthesized images have a high sense of realism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Window decals are stickers that help catch the eyes of customers and look like floating images in the air because of the transparent glass window. But these graphic signs have defects. They are problems of mirrored imaging and still images. The authors are just wondering the following; Can't we change and animate the graphic image on the window? It is common knowledge that the drawing on the glass is always same. So let us make the window decals change and animate. This paper shows the one‐way observable projection display screen using light control technologies in order to avoid these defects. The authors proposed the unidirectional or one‐way observable window signage display in 2019. Our polarized light control mechanism for projection display is simpler than the case of the 2019 signage model. You can confirm that the light control technique realizes one‐way observable projection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous robots become increasingly widespread in public spaces. Human‐robot interactions (HRI) with pedestrians is essential by visualizing trajectory information. We evaluated various display technologies for bright indoor conditions such as animated projection and LED lighting as well as displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The laser display system consists of a laser projector and a screen, and its image quality depends not only on the output image of the projector. Still, it is also closely related to the screen's performance and the installation geometries, including distance, projection ratio, inclination angle, etc. Recently, IEC TC110 Electronic Displays has published the international standard of Measuring Methods of Image Quality for Laser Projection Displays (IEC 62906‐5‐3:2021). This IS contains the requirements of measuring environmental conditions, optical measuring equipment, installation and alignment of the screen, test patterns, measurement point locations, and procedures. This paper will introduce the practical implementation methods of the measurement methods involved in the standard. At the same time, the measurement method based on audience viewpoints is studied, so the measurement is more in line with the actual laser display applications. The results of both methods were compared, especially for the Fresnel lens screen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

End-user development (EUD) seeks to facilitate the extension and customisation of systems during use, with increasing possibilities as the Internet-of-Things (IoT) computing paradigm becomes widespread and expands into realms such as the smart home. This exploratory research study explores two popular physical computing platforms, oriented towards novice makers, that allow end-user developers to create and deploy an IoT smart home sensor device, as well as visualise the resulting data in the cloud. The end users' experiences are evaluated against known EUD design principles, finding that the platforms in their current state are only partially able to meet two of the principles. Such end-to-end IoT prototyping platforms are a relatively recent offering of these maker-focused organisations and, despite some issues in their current state, they offer the potential to increase the ability of end-users to prototype across the complex layers of an IoT system. Future possibilities around the data visualisation layer and for integration with visual programming work are identified, to improve the end-users' ability to deeply customise their IoT systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent research on biometrics focuses on achieving a high success rate of authentication and addressing the concern of various spoofing attacks. Although hand geometry recognition provides adequate security over unauthorized access, it is susceptible to presentation attack. This paper presents an anti-spoofing method toward hand biometrics. A presentation attack detection approach is addressed by assessing the visual quality of genuine and fake hand images. A threshold-based gradient magnitude similarity quality metric is proposed to discriminate between the real and spoofed hand samples. The visual hand images of 255 subjects from the Bogazici University hand database are considered as original samples. Correspondingly, from each genuine sample, we acquire a forged image using a Canon EOS 700D camera. Such fake hand images with natural degradation are considered for electronic screen display based spoofing attack detection. Furthermore, we create another fake hand dataset with artificial degradation by introducing additional Gaussian blur, salt and pepper, and speckle noises to original images. Ten quality metrics are measured from each sample for classification between original and fake hand image. The classification experiments are performed using the k-nearest neighbors, random forest, and support vector machine classifiers, as well as deep convolutional neural networks. The proposed gradient similarity-based quality metric achieves 1.5% average classification error using the k-nearest neighbors and random forest classifiers. An average classification error of 2.5% is obtained using the baseline evaluation with the MobileNetV2 deep network for discriminating original and different types of fake hand samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to assess public health professionals' use of data, information, and evidence and to understand perceptions and preferences regarding data visualization to inform future design of data visualization tools. Design: We conducted qualitative interviews with public health professionals who use data for decision making as part of community health assessment and program planning from state and local health departments across six states. Results: We identified four themes: 1) collection of data, information, and evidence; 2) management and analysis of data and information to inform decisions; 3) use of data to support public health practice; and 4) preferences for data visualization and how visualization is being used. Public health professionals use data, information, and evidence from various resources for communicating with co‐workers, stakeholders, and the public, and decision making regarding their programs and services. Conclusion: Data visualization tools can help public health professionals improve their understanding and communication, their education of stakeholders, and their decision making using data, information, and evidence. Public health professionals believe in the value of using data, information, and evidence. Opportunities exist in ways to support public health professionals' data use by adopting data visualization tools and by mitigating systematic challenges in public health information systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article features additions on the discussions on standardizing digital radiography terminology in 2021. Topics covered include the word brightness as it relates to the traditional film-screen term density, the production of radiography images via energy transfer during photoelectric interactions in the imaging plate, and a proposed digital radiography terminology outline. Also noted are qualities of the displayed digital image.

This research investigates the application of A3 Architecture Overviews (A3AOs) in subsea front‐end engineering studies. A3AO is a valuable method to support multi‐disciplinary communication and share architectural knowledge in complex engineering domains. The method captures key information of an overall system and displays the system overview in a standard A3 format. In this paper, we investigate the beneficial impact a global subsea supplier can gain by applying A3AO as part of their concept evaluation process in the early phase study. Through interviews and a survey, we identified company's main challenges in concept evaluation of tie‐in and connection system. We then applied the A3AO method to investigate its mitigating effect in early phase concept evaluation. We found that the company resources found the A3AO to provide a holistic system overview and support knowledge sharing. Overall, our research supports the use of A3AO as a method to promote common understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rhombohedral-stacked few-layer graphene (FLG) displays peculiar electronic properties that could lead to phenomena such as high-temperature superconductivity and magnetic ordering. To date, experimental studies have been mainly limited by the difficulty in isolating rhombohedral FLG with thickness exceeding 3 layers and device-compatible size. In this work, we demonstrate the synthesis and transfer of rhombohedral graphene with thickness up to 9 layers and areas up to ∼50 μm2. The domains of rhombohedral FLG are identified by Raman spectroscopy and are found to alternate with Bernal regions within the same crystal in a stripe-like configuration. Near-field nano-imaging further confirms the structural integrity of the respective stacking orders. Combined spectroscopic and microscopic analyses indicate that rhombohedral-stacking formation is strongly correlated to the underlying copper step-bunching and emerges as a consequence of interlayer displacement along preferential crystallographic orientations. The growth and transfer of rhombohedral FLG with the reported thickness and size shall facilitate the observation of predicted unconventional physics and ultimately add to its technological relevance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: EDs have the potential ability to predict patient wait times and to display this to patients and other stakeholders. Little is known about whether consumers and stakeholders would want this information and how wait time predictions might be used. The aim of the present study was to gain perspectives from consumers and health services personnel regarding the concept of emergency wait time visibility. Methods: We conducted a qualitative interview and focus group study in 2019. Participants included emergency medicine patients, families, paramedics, well community members, and hospital/paramedic administrators from multiple EDs and organisations in Victoria, Australia. Transcripts were coded and themes presented. Results: One focus group and 103 semi‐structured interviews were conducted in 2019 including 32 patients, 22 carers/advocates and 21 paramedics in the ED; 20 health service administrators (paramedic and hospital) and 15 community members. Consumers and paramedics face physical and psychological difficulties when wait times are not visible. Consumers believe about a 2‐h wait is tolerable, beyond this most begin to consider alternative strategies for seeking care. Consumers want to see triage to doctor times; paramedics want door‐to‐off stretcher times (for all possible transport destinations); with 47 of 50 consumers and 30 of 31 paramedics potentially using this information. About 28 of 50 consumers would use times to inform facility or provider choice, another 19 of 50 want information once in the waiting room. During prolonged waits, 51 of 52 consumers would continue to seek care. Conclusions: Consumers and paramedics want wait time information visibility. They would use the information in a variety of ways, both pre‐hospital and while waiting for care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) became the central navigational tool on modern ships. The system comprises numerous navigational and other components, each of them with its limitations and reliability. Due to ECDIS's revolutionary features, navigators are tempted to place excessive reliance on the system. Such reliance on it as a sole navigational aid is undoubtedly a problematic issue. The proposed paper is a segment of a systematically carried out research among ECDIS stakeholders. ECDIS EHO (Experience, Handling, and Opinion) research aims through research activities based on a user-centred approach to develop and improve the educational framework. The overreliance on the ECDIS system motivated the proposed research, which focused on system users' opinions and practice regarding confirmation of the accuracy of information displayed on ECDIS, particularly concerning positional sensors. Analysis of answers collected by the ECDIS EHO questionnaire represents a backbone of the research supported by previous achievements. The answers have been categorized and discussed, revealing certain worrying aspects referring to the system's positional error experienced by users. Furthermore, preferred methods of cross-checking ECDIS information have been identified and have differed among respondents based on their rank on board. Additionally, answers indicate certain doubts between users' interpretation of the best confirmation method and the actual selection of the used method. The importance of cross-checking navigational data in avoiding overreliance and maintaining situational awareness has been presented in the conclusion chapter and the proposal for further work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides its obvious benefits, the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) continues to develop as a sophisticated, complex system. With ever-growing features and the integration of external data and sources, it is nowadays normally considered as one among the compact elements forming a part of an even more complex Integrated Navigation System (INS). The ECDIS handling requires a certain level of technical knowledge and operational skills to be gained, besides the usual navigational background. To utilize the system efficiently and safely, the navigator has to obtain several levels of education. The ECDIS Generic Training (EGT), as defined in the respective International Maritime Organization (IMO) Model Course, introduces the navigator to fundamental, required operational (however introductory) and theoretical knowledge. Apart from the EGT, there is an optional, ECDIS manufacturer-approved Equipment Specific Training (EST). The latter represents a special type of training where the navigator improves his theoretical knowledge, understanding, and proficiency, together with competence demonstration on a specific approved ECDIS model. This paper elaborates the dynamics of worldwide regulations on the ECDIS Education and Training (EET) plan. The reference is given to training procedures in the Republic of Croatia, placing its educational framework in the broader context. Although the EST is unofficially considered non-mandatory, there is a stable and reasonable ground to consider the opinions and arguments of the navigators who prefer the EST. This is also supported by the fact that there is a large number of approved systems on the market. Apart from fulfilling the performance standards regulated by the IMO, ECDIS models differ significantly regarding handling, interface, and interpretation of data and information, therefore biasing the required knowledge and the purposefulness of the system. The survey among navigational ranks was used to support the study and to relate the existing programs to the actual navigational situation. The aim was to consider the current relationship between the defined EET programs, their differences and the actual user needs. The selected questions referred to the possession of ECDIS certificates and basic education and knowledge, and the navigational ranks' opinions regarding the opportunity to enhance their knowledge during the EST. The latter considered a lack of standardization (including terminology), apart from the issue of different levels of education. As was expected, the answers were not uniform, revealing differences in opinion as well as in basic system interpretation. The latter could have possible causes and relations to the particular education system in the first place. The current educational framework was discussed in terms of EET enhancements and the development of the navigation curricula. The study results have been presented and discussed systematically, leading to observations on the potential safety of navigation improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To create a tool to rapidly determine where pandemic demand for critical care overwhelms county-level surge capacity and to compare public health and medical responses. Methods. In March 2020, COVID-19 cases requiring critical care were estimated using an adaptive metapopulation SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) model for all 3142 US counties for future 21-day and 42-day periods from April 2, 2020, to May 13, 2020, in 4 reactive patterns of contact reduction--0%, 20%, 30%, and 40%--and 4 surge response scenarios--very low, low, medium, and high. Results. In areas with increased demand, surge response measures could avert 104 120 additional deaths--55% through high clearance of critical care beds and 45% through measures such as greater ventilator access. The percentages of lives saved from high levels of contact reduction were 1.9 to 4.2 times greater than high levels of hospital surge response. Differences in projected versus actual COVID-19 demands were reasonably small over time. Conclusions. Nonpharmaceutical public health interventions had greater impact in minimizing preventable deaths during the pandemic than did hospital critical care surge response. Ready-to-go spatiotemporal supply and demand data visualization and analytics tools should be advanced for future preparedness and all-hazards disaster response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to test eye tracking in studying the usability of electronic chart display and information systems (ECDIS), one of the major components of ships' bridge navigation systems. The carriage and adequate use of ECDIS on merchant ships is mandated by international regulations to improve maritime safety. The aim of this study is to test eye tracking as an assessment tool for usability of ECDIS. Eye movement data, collected from experienced port pilots operating on three different models of ECDIS, was analysed for the study. Significant differences were found between time to first fixation measurements among three different ECDIS models, as well as differences in heat map visualisations between the participant port pilots and expert users. The results indicate that eye tracking is an effective tool for assessment of the usability of ECDIS. The study, aiming potentially to improve the effectiveness of bridge navigation systems, proposes the integration of eye tracking in research and development of ECDIS, and contributes scientifically to research on eye tracking in marine transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual screen e‐Paper is expected to be useful when creating documents using reference documents. This study evaluated performances of referencing conditions using paper, e‐Paper, and LCD and suggested that the working conditions using dual screen e‐Paper brought almost the same performance as the working conditions using paper as a reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black level is an important attribute in electronic displays. However, when viewing images, glare impairs sensitivity to black. Previous studies of the impact of glare generally used simple backgrounds, and only simulated image‐based glare. In this study, a psychophysical experiment conducted explores black sensitivity with complex images on OLED displays. The results correlate with an existing glare model [1], provide new black sensitivity data, and serve as the basis for a proposed model predicting black sensitivity for displayed images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a novel design to implement eyeglasses‐style Maxwellian‐view near‐eye display for augmented reality. In our design, holographic optical element is fabricated and used as an off‐axis lens array to expand the eyebox for near‐eye display. A prototype with eyeglasses‐style compact form factor was successfully developed using a micro projector module as the display source and the prototype is successfully to achieve 60° wide field‐of‐view (FOV) and 10mm×10mm eyebox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An emerging enabling technology for electronic holographic displays is the surface acoustic wave (SAW) acousto‐optical modulator family. The authors describe successful demonstration of a horizontal parallax only (HPO) electroholographic display composed of 10 edge‐emitting SAW modulators with 8 channels each. It features innovations in display architecture, modulator design, packaging, and illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strong earthquakes can cause buildings to collapse, fires, and jammed doors and elevators. In this study we used the Internet of Things to develop a smart earthquake disaster prevention system. The system continuously monitors the real-time earthquake warning data of the Central Weather Bureau (CWB). When real-time seismic data are updated, the system immediately obtains the intensity and location of the earthquake and calculates the intensity and time of arrival at different locations. When the earthquake is judged to be dangerous, the system immediately shuts off the gas supply. When residents are determined to be at home by a human body detector, a sound and light earthquake alarm is immediately activated, and real-time earthquake data are displayed on LINE instant messaging platform, short message service (SMS), and electronic displays. Doors are also automatically opened to prevent them from being stuck. Earthquake information is immediately sent to regional elevator management centers to instruct elevators to stop at the next floor, open the doors, and broadcast information on the upcoming strong earthquake. By developing this system, the latest earthquake warning information from the Central Meteorological Administration can be effectively captured, and necessary evacuation and disaster mitigation measures can minimize deaths and property losses from earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For interventional radiology, dose management has persisted as a crucially important issue to reduce radiation exposure to patients and medical staff. This study designed a real-time dose visualization system for interventional radiology designed with mixed reality technology and Monte Carlo simulation. An earlier report described a Monte-Carlo-based estimation system, which simulates a patient's skin dose and air dose distributions, adopted for our system. We also developed a system of acquiring fluoroscopic conditions to input them into the Monte Carlo system. Then we combined the Monte Carlo system with a wearable device for three-dimensional holographic visualization. The estimated doses were transferred sequentially to the device. The patient's dose distribution was then projected on the patient body. The visualization system also has a mechanism to detect one's position in a room to estimate the user's exposure dose to detect and display the exposure level. Qualitative tests were conducted to evaluate the workload and usability of our mixed reality system. An end-to-end system test was performed using a human phantom. The acquisition system accurately recognized conditions that were necessary for real-time dose estimation. The dose hologram represents the patient dose. The user dose was changed correctly, depending on conditions and positions. The perceived overall workload score (33.50) was lower than the scores reported in the literature for medical tasks (50.60) for computer activities (54.00). Mixed reality dose visualization is expected to improve exposure dose management for patients and health professionals by exhibiting the invisible radiation exposure in real space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To map utilisation of bed resources within an ED over time, in order to determine the proportions of patient stay spent receiving emergency care versus non‐emergent care. To produce visualisations that effectively convey this bed utilisation. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using routinely collected administrative data, derived from the ED electronic health record (FirstNet; Cerner, North Kansas City, MO, USA), on all patients presenting to a single tertiary‐level ED during a 1‐month period and who were triaged to an acute area bed in order to undergo their emergency care. Resuscitation, subacute, fast track and paediatric area patients were excluded from analysis as firstly, in our institution the acute area processing appears to contribute most to barriers to patient flow and secondly, using acute area patients allowed us to approximate standardisation of acuity. Lost bed capacity (LBC) was defined as the time spent in an ED bed after an emergency clinician indicated that they were ready to depart the ED, as recorded in the electronic medical record. Results: The overall proportion of time spent in an ED bed after completion of emergency care was 38.5% (interquartile range 21.8–47.2%). This time differed significantly between 'discharged' (1 min), 'admitted‐ward' (72 min) and 'admitted‐critical care' (110 min) groups. This was clearly revealed in our novel LBC heatmaps. Conclusions: A considerable proportion of ED length of stay is because of patients remaining in an ED bed after their emergency care is concluded. Absolute time is much greater for admitted patients than for discharged patients, and therefore efforts to reduce LBC are likely to reduce overall ED length of stay. LBC heatmaps may provide an intuitively useful, potentially automated tool to understand these problems. A considerable proportion of ED length of stay is because of patients remaining in an ED bed after their emergency care is concluded. Lost bed capacity is a new metric devised to capture this opportunity cost and novel heatmaps may be useful to visualise the effect of lost ED bed capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an empirical study to determine whether alterations to graphical features (colour and size) of automatically generated LineSets improve task performance. LineSets are used to visualise sets and networks. The increasingly common nature of such data suggests that having effective visualisations is important. Unlike many approaches to set and network visualisation, which often use concave or convex shapes to represent sets alongside graphs, LineSets use lines overlaid on a graph. LineSets have been shown to be advantageous over shape-based approaches. However, the graphical properties of LineSets have not been fully explored. Our results suggest that automatically drawn LineSets can be significantly improved for certain tasks through the considered use of colour alongside size variations applied to their graphical elements. In particular, we show that perceptually distinguishable colours, lines of varying width, and nodes of varying diameter lead to improved task performance in automatically laid-out LineSets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]