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This document is a modified LL.M. exam paper on Private International Law that presents a problem question involving a dispute between an Austrian company, M, and S, a Nigerian student studying in Berlin. The question asks the reader to determine the applicable law to the dispute, which is brought before the court in Vienna. The model answer analyzes the character of M's claims and discusses the potential application of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and the Rome I Regulation. It concludes that the choice of Austrian law is valid and that the rules on consumer protection in the Rome I Regulation may apply. The text also discusses the applicable laws for a contractual claim and a non-contractual claim between M and S. For the contractual claim, Austrian law applies, except for the issue of a tariff change, which is governed by German law. For the non-contractual claim regarding an alleged infringement of intellectual property rights, both Austrian and German law may apply, and the specific laws governing each claim will determine the assessment of compensation. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Restaurator is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is particularly notable that Francis considers their relative lack of engagement with film scholars as a longstanding problem: The academics who use our films in film studies courses - we should have a very close relationship with them. The stated purpose of this collection is to indicate how film archives could employ a model of curatorship common to art galleries and museums, in order to aid the preservation and presentation of film. The publication of this book might go some way towards making the issues faced by film curators more understandable to film scholars and other interested professionals. [Extracted from the article]

Background: There is a need for easily accessible tuberculosis unit cost data, as well as an understanding of the variability of methods used and reporting standards of that data. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to descriptively review papers reporting tuberculosis unit costs from a healthcare provider perspective looking at methodological variation; to assess quality using a study quality rating system and machine learning to investigate the indicators of reporting quality; and to identify the data gaps to inform standardised tuberculosis unit cost collection and consistent principles for reporting going forward. Methods: We searched grey and published literature in five sources and eight databases, respectively, using search terms linked to cost, tuberculosis and tuberculosis health services including tuberculosis treatment and prevention. For inclusion, the papers needed to contain empirical unit cost estimates for tuberculosis interventions from low- and middle-income countries, with reference years between 1990 and 2018. A total of 21,691 papers were found and screened in a phased manner. Data were extracted from the eligible papers into a detailed Microsoft Excel tool, extensively cleaned and analysed with R software (R Project, Vienna, Austria) using the user interface of RStudio. A study quality rating was applied to the reviewed papers based on the inclusion or omission of a selection of variables and their relative importance. Following this, machine learning using a recursive partitioning method was utilised to construct a classification tree to assess the reporting quality. Results: This systematic review included 103 provider perspective papers with 627 unit costs (costs not presented here) for tuberculosis interventions among a total of 140 variables. The interventions covered were active, passive and intensified case finding; tuberculosis treatment; above-service costs; and tuberculosis prevention. Passive case finding is the detection of tuberculosis cases where individuals self-identify at health facilities; active case finding is detection of cases of those not in health facilities, such as through outreach; and intensified case finding is detection of cases in high-risk populations. There was heterogeneity in some of the reported methods used such cost allocation, amortisation and the use of top-down, bottom-up or mixed approaches to the costing. Uncertainty checking through sensitivity analysis was only reported on by half of the papers (54%), while purposive and convenience sampling was reported by 72% of papers. Machine learning indicated that reporting on 'Intervention' (in particular), 'Urbanicity' and 'Site Sampling', were the most likely indicators of quality of reporting. The largest data gap identified was for tuberculosis vaccination cost data, the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine in particular. There is a gap in available unit costs for 12 of 30 high tuberculosis burden countries, as well as for the interventions of above-service costs, tuberculosis prevention, and active and intensified case finding. Conclusion: Variability in the methods and reporting used makes comparison difficult and makes it hard for decision makers to know which unit costs they can trust. The study quality rating system used in this review as well as the classification tree enable focus on specific reporting aspects that should improve variability and increase confidence in unit costs. Researchers should endeavour to be explicit and transparent in how they cost interventions following the principles as laid out in the Global Health Cost Consortium's Reference Case for Estimating the Costs of Global Health Services and Interventions, which in turn will lead to repeatability, comparability and enhanced learning from others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Vienna around 1900 the paleographer Theodor von Sickel was searching for a botanist to microchemically analyze samples of medieval paper manuscripts. If the material components (the plant fibers and sizing) of the manuscript paper could be determined, then Sickel would acquire crucial information on the origin, dating, and production methods of the manuscripts. Fortunately for him, he met the Viennese botanist Julius von Wiesner, who was also a pioneer in microscopy, and thus began a remarkable collaboration. I have examined the material objects used in their collaboration—the manuscript samples as well as the objects they were stored in—and have, as a result, been able to identify the collaborators' practices of knowledge organization and knowledge production. I can thus make the following two interrelated claims: first, that the interdisciplinary collaboration between the sciences and the humanities, represented in this case study by botany and paleography, led to the production of new knowledge, namely, a paleographic dating principle for medieval manuscripts; second, that this new knowledge came about precisely because the practices of knowledge organization and hence of knowledge production, which I have identified as being the practices of paper technology , were shared by the collaborators. The case study examined in this article suggests that, thanks to these shared practices, the divide between the humanities and the sciences at the end of the nineteenth century was not as great as is generally believed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the selected papers of the 1st Joint European Stable Isotope Users Group Meeting (JESIUM) in Vienna, Austria from August 30 through September 3, 2004. The intention of JESIUM 2004 was to harness the spirit of the established national meetings and scale it up to a European level, to broaden the scope beyond national borders in order to discuss ideas and methodologies, foster new collaborations and provide a platform to air future ideas and applications in stable isotope research.

This study examines Max Dvořák's previously unknown papers prepared for his one-semester lecture series at the university of Vienna in 1913. Dvořák titled these lectures "explanations of Selected Works of Art" (Erklärung ausgewählter Kunstwerke) and in doing so developed a distinctive method within the art historical research of the so-called vienna School of Art History. The paper interprets the lectures through a close reading of the method as a parallel to the change in the concept of the work of art as it occurred in the philosophy and practice of art at the beginning of the twentieth century, demonstrated in the study by examples from the thinking of the German philosopher Oskar Becker and a transformation of the meaning of painting by the French artist Marcel Duchamp. As the study shows, such analogies allow us to understand the meaning of the work of art in Max Dvořák's art history in a new way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a calendar of forthcoming congresses and conventions. The 13th International Congress on Sound and Vibration will be held on July 2-6, 2006 at Vienna University of Technology in Vienna, Austria. The 16th European Conference of Fracture will be held on July 3-7, 2006 in Alexandroupolis, Greece. The 8th Biennial ASME Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis is scheduled on July 4-7, 2006 in Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.

Large segments of Austria-Hungary’s population were affected by an escalating food shortage during World War I, leading to widespread undernourishment, particularly in urban areas. This paper argues that this impending crisis significantly empowered scientific experts. Operating between civil society and the imperial state, these experts multiplied and strengthened their connections to both spheres during the war, emerging as major producers of policy advice. This was true even in the realm of biopolitics, where decisions were made about whom to let live and whom to let die. Focusing on eugenics and its scientific proponents, this paper traces their growing interactions with voluntary associations providing food aid and civil administration at central, municipal, and local levels. Spanning four distinct urbanized contexts in the Habsburg Empire – Vienna, Budapest, Northern Bohemia, and Prague – the analysis reveals that eugenic ideas increasingly permeated discussions about food provisioning during the war in each of these locations. By the conflict’s end, eugenics had become a pivotal discourse framing public debate on the hunger crisis, depicting it in racialized terms as an intergenerational biological threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the topics presented at the 2005 International Botanical Congress (IBC) which was held in Vienna, Austria is presented. The event has featured several research which focus on the evolution of the Rosaceae. A group of researcher has discussed their analysis involving a large data set of molecular sequences, including four chloroplast and six nuclear regions of the said plant species.

Highlights the 2003 Third International History of Philosophy of Science Conference in Vienna, Austria. Number of nonprofit organizations attending the event; Theme of the convention; Registration fees.

Knowledge communication in cultural heritage and digital humanities currently faces two challenges, which this paper addresses: On the one hand, data-driven storytelling in these fields has mainly focused on human protagonists, while other essential entities (such as artworks and artifacts, institutions, or places) have been neglected. On the other hand, storytelling tools rarely support the larger chains of data practices, which are required to generate and shape the data and visualizations needed for such stories. This paper introduces the InTaVia platform, which has been developed to bridge these gaps. It supports the practices of data retrieval, creation, curation, analysis, and communication with coherent visualization support for multiple types of entities. We illustrate the added value of this open platform for storytelling with four case studies, focusing on (a) the life of Albrecht Dürer (person biography), (b) the Saliera salt cellar by Benvenuto Cellini (object biography), (c) the artist community of Lake Tuusula (group biography), and (d) the history of the Hofburg building complex in Vienna (place biography). Numerous suggestions for future research arise from this undertaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an improved zero-current distortion compensation (IZCDC) method for the Vienna rectifier. The conventional zero-current distortion compensation (ZCDC) method modifies the reference voltages by adding an offset voltage to compensate for the zero-current distortion (ZCD). However, the reference voltages occasionally exceed the linear modulation region by the offset voltage added at the driving start-point of the Vienna rectifier, where the modulation index of phase voltage is relatively large. This causes a hard-start of the Vienna rectifier accompanied by a serious surge and distortion in the phase current. In this paper, the IZCDC method is proposed for achieving the soft-start of the Vienna rectifier. When the overmodulation occurs, the proposed method modifies the conventional offset voltage to the IZCDC component, which is involved in the adjustment of the variance of the phase current, only for a certain phase among the three phases. As the IZCDC component regulates the variance of the phase current to zero, surge and distortion in the phase current can be mitigated. As a result, the Vienna rectifier starts its operation softly while ensuring its normal operation in the transients. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulations and experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to present the intellectual legacy of Albert Wesselski (Vienna, 1871–Prague, 1939), a partly forgotten great figure of literary and textual folkloristic comparatistics of the first half of the 20th century, and argues for his timeliness. While he also played an important role as a literary mediator and translator (e.g. translations and interpretations of Boccaccio and Dante, translations of medieval Italian, French and Flemish folklore texts), he was primarily concerned with questions of the origins of European and Asian fairy tales, the problem of the processes of transmission and genre theory. He presented the transnational and transcontinental connections between individual (fairy-tale) texts in his reflections, which were based on his exceptional erudition and knowledge of the material. His views on the essentially literary origins of fairytale material were disputed by many in his day, but at least some of them now seem to be confirmed. His comparative method can be an inspiration for those working with folklore and literary texts, both here and now. The present paper attempts to provide a sketchy overview of the early stages of Wesselski’s oeuvre and to inspire further reflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alfred Gong is one of the German-speaking Jewish Authors from Bukovina, who survived deportation and the Holocaust. At the End of the 40s, he succeeded in emigrating from communist Romania to Vienna and afterwards with the help of a refugee organization he reached the USA. The present paper follows two layers of analysis. The introductory part follows a biographical approach which is meant to bring up his considerations, thoughts, or inner conflicts towards the USA as a newcomer. For this part, Joseph Strelka's or Joachim Herrmann's works are the most relevant, for they published and brought up various passages from the author's archive. The second part of this paper focuses on the analysis of a couple of poems, which are dedicated to the American metropolis. The main purpose of this analysis is to present the meaning of this literary topoi in Gong's literature and the way such topoi are regarded by the author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the challenges in establishing the state transfer matrix and the complexity of eigenvalue calculation in determining the multi-parameter stability boundaries of high-order nonlinear Vienna rectifiers, a novel numerical computation method is proposed in this paper. This method leverages a numerical stability criterion and a grid variable step search to efficiently calculate these stability boundaries. The small-signal model of the Vienna rectifier is derived by constructing the time-varying state transfer matrix using the periodic solution of the harmonic balance method. Eigenvalues are rapidly calculated via the periodic numerical solution of the state transfer matrix. The proposed parameter sensitivity-based grid variable step search method ensures a fast and accurate determination of stability boundaries. A hardware experimental setup is established to validate the stability boundaries of the Vienna rectifier under various parameter variations, including load, component, and control changes. The experimental results closely match the simulations, confirming the correctness and superiority of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the contents of the second of two special issues associated with the 9th International Conference on Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics, which took place from August 29 to September 2, 2022 in Vienna. It comments on the topics and highlights of all twelve papers of the special issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Author presents basic overview of the papers of the archivist and historian Theodor Anton Taulow von Rosenthal (1702-1779), founder and the first archivist of Home, Court and State Archives (Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv) in Vienna. Rosenthal created many historical works of varying extent and quality. These manucripts have never been published and are stored in Austrian State Archives in Vienna. Author tries to present a part of this collection stored in records Archivalische Arbeiten. These are the manuscripts focused primarily on Czech legal, administrative and ecclesiastical history and auxiliary historical sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Announces that the organizers of the Austrian Economic Association are soliciting technical papers for the 2002 conference in Vienna, Austria. Submission procedure; Theme of the conference; Special award to be given to young economists.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) held the 3rd International Symposium on Trends in Radiopharmaceuticals, (ISTR-2023) at IAEA Headquarters in Vienna, Austria, during the week of 16–21 April 2023. This procedural paper summarizes highlights from symposium presentations, posters, panel discussions and satellite meetings, and provides additional resources that may be useful to researchers working with diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals in the academic, government and industry setting amongst IAEA Member States and beyond. More than 550 participants in person from 88 Member States attended the ISTR-2023. Over 360 abstracts were presented from all over the world by a diverse group of global scientists working with radiopharmaceuticals. Given this group of international radiochemists is unique to ISTR (IAEA funding enabled many to attend), there was an invaluable wealth of knowledge on the global state of the radiopharmaceutical sciences present at the meeting. The intent of this Proceedings paper is to share this snapshot from our international colleagues with the broader radiopharmaceutical sciences community by highlighting presentations from the conference on the following topics: Isotope Production and Radiochemistry, Industrial Insights, Regional Trends, Training and Education, Women in the Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, and Future Perspectives and New Initiatives. The authors of this paper are employees of IAEA, members of the ISTR-2023 Organizing Committee and/or members of the EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry Editorial Board who attended ISTR-2023. Overall, ISTR-2023 fostered the successful exchange of scientific ideas around every aspect of the radiopharmaceutical sciences. It was well attended by a diverse mix of radiopharmaceutical scientists from all over the world, and the oral and poster presentations provided a valuable update on the current state-of-the-art of the field amongst IAEA Member States. Presentations as well as networking amongst the attendees resulted in extensive knowledge transfer amongst the various stakeholders representing 88 IAEA Member States. This was considered particularly valuable for attendees from Member States where nuclear medicine and the radiopharmaceutical sciences are still relatively new. Since the goal is for the symposium series to be held every four years; the next one is anticipated to take place in 2027. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Departing from Lefebvre's work on the social production of space, this paper explores the intersection between perceived and lived space from the perspective of spatial discourse analysis. Empirically, the paper studies how the spatiality of international airports performs affective discursive work and establishes prerequisites for air travelers' feelings of being "in control" and "excited" vs. feelings of being "controlled" and "surveilled". The concept of binding is applied in order to understand how affect is spatially afforded at Stockholm Arlanda Airport and Vienna International Airport. The analysis reveals that alternations between bound and unbound spaces construe the airports as distinctly ideological sites with different affective potentials. Accordingly, this article adds to the understanding of how airport atmospheres are construed by means of spatial resources such as the height, depth, and shape of walls and ceilings and by the transparency and opaqueness of the built material, as well as by more dynamic elements such as carpets, colors, signage, and retractable belt barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the discipline of International Relations (IR), the study of International Peace Settlements (IPS) for the organization of postwar international orders has thus far primarily been the purview of realist, liberal, and constructivist approaches. To date, Marxist approaches have tended to either ignore the significance of IPS in the formation of new global orders or have been inscribed into longer-term overarching processes - namely, the reified consequences of the development of capitalism. These proclivities have had the unwelcome effect of subsuming the role historical agents have played in the devising of international ordering strategies under preordained universal "laws of motion" and downplaying the broader efficacy of foreign policymaking in the building of world order. This paper proposes to rectify this Marxist lacuna by highlighting how adopting an approach that elaborates on the principles of Geopolitical Marxism (GPM) in IR can overcome these shortcomings. The paper argues that a radical historicist methodology for analysing these important world-historical junctures retrieves the significance of contextualized agency within the historical materialist tradition and overcomes the issues beholden to structuralist Marxist approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the high permeability characteristics of power electronic devices connected to the distribution grid, the potential harmonic coupling problem cannot be ignored. The Vienna rectifier is widely utilized in electric vehicle charging stations and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems due to its high power factor, adaptable control strategies, and low voltage stress on power switches. In this paper, the three-level Vienna rectifier is studied, and the harmonic state-space (HSS) method is used to model the rectifier. The proposed model can reflect the harmonic transfer characteristics between the AC current and the DC output voltage at various frequencies. Finally, the model's accuracy and the corresponding harmonic characteristics analysis are further verified by simulation and experimental test results. The results show that the harmonic state-space modeling used for Vienna rectifiers can reflect the harmonic dynamics of the AC and DC sides, which can be used in stability analysis, control parameter design, and other related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automotive industry is increasingly dependent on computing systems with different critical requirements. The verification and validation methods for these systems are now leveraging complex AI methods, for which the decision algorithms introduce non-determinism, especially in autonomous driving. This paper presents a runtime verification technique agnostic to the target system, which focuses on monitoring spatio-temporal properties that abstract the evolution of objects' behavior in their spatial and temporal flow. First, a formalization of three known traffic rules (from the Vienna convention on road traffic) is presented, where a spatio-temporal logic fragment is used. Then, these logical expressions are translated to a monitoring model written in first-order logic, where they are processed by a non-linear satisfiability solver. Finally, the translation allows the solver to check the validity of the encoded properties according to an instance of a specific traffic scenario (a trace). The results obtained from our tool, which automatically generates a monitor from a formula, show that our approach is feasible for online monitoring in a real-world environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marxism-feminism is a vital field with diverse voices and different political agendas for social justice, from the defense of land and water to the reorganization of production. The anthology Marxist-Feminist Theories and Struggles Today aims to grasp the originality and relevance of that tradition. The book represents a variety of contributions, defined as Marxist feminist by their authors, who presented papers at the Marxist Feminist Congress in Vienna in 2016. This was the second International Marxist Feminist Conference, the first having been initiated by the feminist section of the Berlin Institute of Critical Theory. Drawing on different theoretical frameworks and practices of Marxist feminism, the edited anthology provides an invitation to converse about our understanding and practice of engaging gendered, racialized heterocapitalism for a better global future. This book symposium and its reviewers demonstrate the richness of the resulting conversation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the contents of the first of two special issues associated with the 9th International Conference on Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics, which took place from August 29 to September 2, 2022 in Vienna. It comments on the topics and highlights of all twelve papers of the special issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Hungary, the regular precipitation measurements began in the 1850s under the direction of the then Austrian Meteorological Institute based in Vienna, and from 1870 onwards continued under the Budapest-based "Meteorológiai és Földdelejességi Magyar Királyi Központi Intézet", now HungaroMet Hungarian Meteorological Service. Over the decades, the measurements have undergone many changes, including changes in instrumentation and relocation of stations, which cause inhomogeneities in the data series. In addition, the number of stations and the density of the station network have also changed significantly. As a result, the data series need to be homogenized and interpolated to a uniform grid in order to study the climate and its changes over the long term. In this paper, we present the methods used, discuss the station systems used for precipitation homogenization and interpolation in different periods, analyze the main verification statistics of homogenization and also the results of interpolation, and examine the annual, seasonal, and monthly precipitation data series and their extremes for the period 1854–2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the way how the culture of the city is represented in contemporary German and Croatian prose exemplified by Karin Peschka's Autolyse Wien. Erzählungen vom Ende [Autolysis Vienna. Stories of the End] and Davor Špišič's Vuk na snijegu [Wolf in the Snow]. The thesis of the paper is that Peschka's and Špišić's literary cityscapes of Vienna and Zagreb respectively are self-referential semiospheres or metaphors produced by their cultures, whose semiotic textual spaces are formed holistically as results of the geocultural and sociohistorical context of centrality (Vienna) and periphery (Zagreb), and the way they correlate and interchange. By applying a (post) structuralist, comparative and sociological approach, the paper analyses how the represented city space is reshaped in the dystopian and post-apocalyptic narratives to a state of unrecognizability and is reconstructed by means of reception, experience and knowledge of the readers, e. g. by the end of the short stories' collection Autolyse Wien Peschka's Vienna remains alive only in the characters' memories, while most parts of Špišić's Zagreb are altered in terms of their function, character, purpose, and accessibility. On the one hand, this results in the loss of the represented city's cultural and urban identity, and on the other, the dichotomy of centrality and periphery, the urban and the rural, the civilized and the wild, the cultured and the natural becomes blurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by the urgent need to discover innovative and sustainable approaches to address the strain on urban resources, this paper introduces a novel concept proposing the utilization of "sleeping assets". These sleeping assets encompass three distinct categories of urban infrastructures: neglected routes, idle real estate, and underused resources. By harnessing these assets, cities can alleviate the intense competition for land, traffic infrastructure, and parking areas. The findings presented in this paper are derived from an extensive literature study and expert interviews conducted with relevant stakeholders from Hamburg, Paris, Stockholm, and Vienna. Building upon the most pertinent insights from the literature and a structured content analysis of the interviews, we outline the advantages of employing sleeping assets for urban logistics initiatives. Additionally, we identify seven main categories of implementation barriers that must be taken into account. The results of this study reveal political and legislative barriers as one of the major impeding factors in initiating the utilization of sleeping assets. To address these barriers, this paper points towards crucial leverage for cities and provides an outlook on possible forms of sustainable urban logistics implementation. Thus, this work can support researchers as well as practitioners from city administrations and urban logistics interested in using sleeping assets by encouraging the exploitation of unused potential and avoiding particular implementation pitfalls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Procesos de Mercado is the property of Procesos de Mercado. Revista Europea de Economia Politica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to present the physician Johann Melitsch (1763–1837) as a courageous reformer who presented a specific alternative to the étatist model of healthcare reforms implemented by the Habsburg monarchy in the 18th century. As obstetrics was the focus of Melitsch’s reform activities, the paper also contributes to the broader issue of the professionalisation of obstetrics at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. In the 1780s, Joseph II decided to use the assets of the secularised monasteries and hospitals to form a state complex of various health and social care facilities in the capitals of the Habsburg “provinces”. Where conditions and proximity to the university allowed, the first real “clinics”, i.e. hospitals linked to the teaching of medicine (and therefore science), were established: this was the case, for example, in Vienna and Prague. General hospitals formed the core of these complexes; maternity hospitals were also built, primarily for unmarried mothers, to prevent infanticide, but also as a source of female bodies for young medical students, who otherwise generally did not have the opportunity to learn about pregnancy and childbirth. At the same time, a young doctor who had just finished medical school in Prague, the twenty-fouryear-old Johann Melitsch, the son of a cabinet-maker, decided to undertake another project: a Privatentbindungsanstalt, ie. private outpatient maternity clinic. It was designed for married but poor women and also offered the opportunity of midwifery practice to medical students. Thanks to a family inheritance and his wife’s dowry, he was indeed able to found such an institution. And with donations from wealthy patrons from the nobility, he was able to provide small financial rewards or medicines to his patients. His assistants were students. Melitsch later extended his outpatient care, which was also improved by the “district doctors”, to sick women and children in general and thus offered a counterpart to the “stationary” type of state general hospital. In 1793, he was finally appointed professor at the Prague Faculty of Medicine – but only after the intervention of Emperor Francis I himself, who also granted this institution a “public right”. In 1795 Melitsch drew up a proposal – also probably the first in the Habsburg monarchy – for health insurance for low-income segments of the population. However, this system was never put into practice. In this predominantly Catholic monarchy, where hospitals had hitherto operated mainly on a church or municipal basis and where there was a clear tendency in Melitsch’s time to create a purely state-run health service, this was an exceptional case. The paper is also a contribution to the broader issue of the professionalisation of midwifery at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. Besides that, Melitsch is considered to be the first doctor in the Czech lands to perform a successful caesarean section in which both mother and child survived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "MyFairShare" project develops fair CO2 mobility budgets for individuals. Here, "fairness" mainly depends on the people's location as everyone should be able to access all destinations necessary to perform everyday tasks. Therefore, a basic understanding about the accessibility of facilities to visit within an area is needed, regarding all activities that must be performed. Given this, the amount of emitted CO2 is computed, assuming the use of sustainable modes while regarding reasonable ranges, i.e. a travel time of 15 min. In order to achieve this, a software system for computing this metric has been developed. It is based on open source applications and uses data that—besides public transport data in GTFS format—is freely available throughout Europe. This paper describes the method and presents the results of applying it to the project's five Living Labs Berlin, Jelgava, London, Sarpsborg, and Vienna. The results show that besides population density, the possibility to use sustainable modes of transport highly depend on the land use mix, i.e. the allocation of facilities daily activities may be performed at in the vicinity of places of inhabitancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The derivation of pseudorandom number generation (PRNG) from the Josephson junction (JJ) stimulated by the Wien bridge oscillator (JJSWBO) and its microcontroller validation is given in this paper. Via the numerical investigations of the JJSWBO, the encyclopedic dynamical maps in different coordinate spaces constituting the system's parameters explicitly elaborate the global behaviour of the system presenting the greatest Lyapunov exponents (GLE). Chaotic behaviours were captured for GLE greater than zero and periodic behaviours for GLE less than zero. Further, bifurcation characteristics expose monostable and bistable periodic oscillations, bistable periodic doubling route to bistable chaos, interceptions of bistable regular behaviours and bistable chaotic presentations, coexisting attractors, monostable chaotic dynamics and intermittency phenomenon. The microcontroller validation (MCV) of the JJSWBO is presented to validate the numerical simulation results. From the chaotic equations describing JJSWBO, a PRNG with a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) as a post-processing unit is designed. The randomness of the generated binary data from the proposed JJSWBO-based PRNG is successfully tested by using the NIST 800-22 test suite. This result helps to confirm the suitability of the JJSWBO for encryption schemes and other chaos-based applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast milk holds an immense nutritional value as it contains health-promoting substances in a unique, optimal form. Additionally, breast milk's significance extends to health and environmental protection, as it serves as an indicator of both maternal and infant exposure. In this study, breast milk samples collected in 2013 and in 2014–2016 from mothers in Vienna (Austria) were analysed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), as well as further substances which have been listed under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) due to their persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic properties. The total concentration of the PBDE congeners in the samples (n = 18, sampled 2013) ranged from 0.055 to 52 ng/g lipid, and from 0.002 to 2.5 ng/g breast milk. In the pooled sample, the sum of PBDEs was detected at a level of 4.4 ng/g lipid. Based on the 2014–2016 study population, certain PFAS were detected in all samples (n = 40). Exposure to the sum of four specific PFAS including perfluorooctanesulphonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonate (PFHxS) ranged between 0.014 and 0.12 ng/L breast milk. In the pooled sample, PFOS and PFOA were found in concentrations of 0.025 ng/g and of 0.045 ng/g, respectively. In addition, the first generation of POPs, mainly organochlorine compounds, was measured in a pooled sample of breast milk from participants sampled in 2014–2016 as part of the WHO/UNEP breast milk monitoring program and compared to the POPs measured in pooled samples collected in 1987/1988 and 1992/1993, respectively. Therefore, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the Stockholm Convention on POPs by comparing the Austrian results from the WHO/UNEP global breast milk study from 1987 to 2016. However, the data also show that, despite these reductions, health-relevant levels are still being reached, particularly in terms of children's health when the presence of the new generation of POPs, such as PBDEs and PFAS, in human breast milk is taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Individualpsychologie is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During their migration, refugees often pass through transit countries, especially before resettlement elsewhere. These stays in cities or camps may last several months or years as refugees await the next step of their journey. This paper examines the context of waiting for Iranian religious minorities who must first travel to Vienna, Austria in order to apply for resettlement to the U.S. Drawing on theories of waiting, I demonstrate how uncertainty and the passage of time shape refugees' experience in transit contexts. While in Vienna, they endure months of compulsory idle waiting, free from persecution yet unable to begin the long-term process of settling in a new country. I argue that the duration of stay and conditions of life in transit contexts can have meaningful consequences for refugees. My findings demonstrate that even when waiting is temporary and remedied by eventual resettlement, time spent in transit carries material, emotional, and physical costs. Based on 43 interviews and participant observation with Iranian refugees in Vienna, this paper examines the precarity that is born from the uncertainty of waiting. Because resettlement ultimately provides stability, we tend to overlook the insecurities associated with this 'pre-resettlement' phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the many Central European scholars and intellectuals driven into exile across the Atlantic in the 1930s was the prominent Vienna psychologist Karl Bühler (1879–1963). Bühler had great difficulty establishing himself in his new home of the United States, despite his attempts to adapt his ideas to the American scene. In this paper, we look at one such attempt at adaptation, the unpublished manuscript of Bühler's "Pocketbook on Practical Semantics," an effort to turn the Sprachtheorie of his Vienna period into a contribution to the applied semiotics and communications research popular in America at the time. Our paper represents the first detailed examination of the "Pocketbook" manuscript that places it in its context in the history of semiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Restaurator is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is the final installment of the previously CRS-funded projects, involving an observational study of the apparent age of the universe as indicated by gyrochronology. It involves estimating ages due to magnetic orbital decay of solar type binaries. The scenario used is in a time dilation scenario applying the RATE results (accelerated radiometric aging). Three CRSQ papers have resulted from this study. It was also presented twice at summer Creation Research Society meetings. Additionally, it has been presented at secular meetings of the International Astronomical Union general assembly (IAUGA) and was well received by individual astronomers. In the 2018 IAUGA in Vienna Austria, we reported in a poster paper a compendium of 200 binaries. We conclude this study here by presenting recently analyzed binaries to the previous study, publishing the full group of binaries directing these results through the Creation Research Society Quarterly. These give strong evidence that the age of universe even in a time dilated scenario is grossly exaggerated and amounts to only 0.3% of the accepted age of the universe to the secular astronomer. Here, an age is computed for each binary, Δt, based on the difference in the current orbital period and the proposed initial period, ΔP and the rate of orbital decay, dP/dt, Δt= -ΔP/(dP/dt). The result is that the evolution of solar type binaries, from formation to the present configuration, average more than two magnitudes faster than theory suggests. Further implications are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While research on the spatial variation in populist right voting focuses on the role of "places left behind", this paper examines the spatial distribution of populist right voting in one of the fastest growing capital cities of Europe, Vienna. Combining detailed electoral data of the 2017 national elections at the statistical ward level and the location of municipal housing units, the paper examines why the populist right "Austrian Freedom Party" (FPOE) performs better in the former bulwarks of socialism, in the municipal housing areas of "Red Vienna". The paper links the socio-demographic development of Vienna and its municipal housing policy with election results and explores three possible reasons for elevated FPOE shares in municipal housing areas: rising housing costs pushed an increasing number of socially and economically vulnerable into the municipal housing sector and so increased the FPOE voter pool in those areas; European Union accession and changes in regulation allowed foreign citizens to apply to and obtain municipal housing flats triggering a backlash from Austrian municipal housing residents; and municipal housing is located in disadvantaged neighbourhoods further enhancing the FPOE voter pool. The paper demonstrates that higher FPOE vote shares in areas with high municipal housing shares are due primarily to higher shares of formally less educated residents, neighbourhood context and they are marginally elevated in those municipal housing areas experiencing a larger influx of foreign residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender mainstreaming originated in the late 20th century as a tool for gender equality in multiple political and social areas. In the context of urban planning and design, it was raised as a response towards the male-dominated and car-centered urban model of our modern cities, arguing that the traditional built environment often neglects the needs of people with limited access to vehicular transportation modes. This disproportionately affects women whose daily routines often include other care-giving responsibilities, making them more reliant on non-vehicular transportation and susceptible to shortcomings in the design of public spaces. Starting with an analysis of the history and development of gender mainstreaming, this paper aims to explore gender-sensitive measures and applications in the context of Vienna, Austria. It investigates key commitments outlined in the government urban strategy plans as well as implementations of gender mainstreaming strategies at different urban planning and design scales throughout the city, particularly focusing on the aspern Seestadt masterplan in Vienna. Through understanding the process and impact of gender mainstreaming strategies in Vienna, this paper argues the importance of integrating a multitude of voices into the design of our urban environments, not limited to gender but also including race, religion, sexuality and abilities in order to create accessible, inclusive and human-oriented cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The paper introduces MHP (Mobile Hydrogen Powersupply), an off-grid fuel cell electric system to recharge (stranded) BEVs, and discusses MHP from the life cycle perspective. The LCA shows the effects of system architecture, charging efficiency, hydrogen supply routes, and the predicted electric vehicle recharging demand on global warming potential and energy consumption and further gives recommendations to optimize the assessed environmental impact. Methods: Demand scenarios of mobile recharging assistances due to BEVs, stranded with an uncharged battery, are predicted for Austria and the greater Vienna area. The introduction of MHP follows the discussion of system architecture, operation strategy, and energetic charging efficiency. The LCA follows the guidance of the ISO 14040 standard and applies the Circular Footprint Formula. The functional unit is 1 kWh of electrical energy, balanced at the charging interface. The system boundary includes raw material extraction, production, transport of resources and products, use, and end of life management. The hydrogen supply is modeled representatively for Austria. The selected impact categories are global warming potential and cumulated energy demand. The data originate, among others, from GEMIS Austria, GREET2, and ProBas. Results and discussion: Environmental impacts vary between 0.40 and 1.58 kg CO2eq/kWh-el and 4.95 to 7.68 kWh/kWh-el in the life cycle. In production and end of life processes, the hydrogen storage system leads to the highest weight-specific GWP and CED of MHP sub-systems due to the large share of CFRP. The efficiency of the MHP system is directly reflected in the use phase's environmental impacts. The impact of MHP cooling efficiency, charging efficiency, and operation strategy on GWP and CED is below 12%. The CED primarily originates from hydrogen production. If the hydrogen supply route is mostly renewable and generates minor GWP, the MHP efficiency has only a small impact on the life cycle's GWP and the production and end of life processes gain importance. Conclusions: Optimized material selection and lightweight construction reduce the life cycle impact. Further, the paper demonstrates that hydrogen supply significantly affects MHP's environmental impact. Therefore, besides optimizing the production and end of life processes, implementing a renewable hydrogen infrastructure and providing renewable energies and fuels must be strongly accelerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to attractive features, including high efficiency, low device stress, and ability to boost voltage, a Vienna rectifier is commonly employed as a battery charger in an electric vehicle (EV). However, the 6k ± 1 harmonics in the acside current of the Vienna rectifier deteriorate theTHDof the ac current, thus lowering the power factor. Therefore, the current closed-loop for suppressing 6k ± 1 harmonics is essential tomeet the desired total harmonic distortion (THD). Fast repetitive control (FRC) is generally adopted; however, the deviation of power grid frequency causes delay link in the six frequency fast repetitive control to become non-integer and the tracking performance to deteriorate. This paper presents the detailed parameter design and calculation of fractional order fast repetitive controller (FOFRC) for the non-integer delay link. The finite polynomial approximates the non-integer delay link through the Lagrange interpolation method. By comparing the frequency characteristics of traditional repetitive control, the effectiveness of the FOFRC strategy is verified. Finally, simulation and experiment validate the steadystate performance and harmonics suppression ability of FOFRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy & Peace is the property of Ihsan Dogramaci Peace Foundation, Center for Foreign Policy & Peace Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses lexical borrowings from German into Czech. It is a continuation of our previous paper dealing with German-Czech language contact in Central Europe (Zeman, 2021). Due to the longstanding coexistence of the Czech and German/Austrian ethnic identities, many German/Austrian loan-words became domesticated in Czech. A significant language contact area in Central Europe is that based on the former centre of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. From this contact area, a notable territory emerged in Vienna, particularly affected by the influence of Czech on German. Although there has been a high degree of ethnic mixing at various stages in history, there was never any real harm done to the essence of either of the two languages. A fascinating aspect is the parallel changes in pronunciation in both languages, for example, in vowel sounds and diphthongs. Today it is generally accepted that, to make these sound changes, both languages had to develop similar internal expectations and that these developed in parallel. The objective is to offer a brief description of morphological adaptation of German loan words in the south Moravian variety. The paper concludes that the morphological structures of diminution in the east Moravian variety are more differentiated than those of German. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main standard for avionic equipment DO-160G defines a set of tests that require compliance before the employment of a device in aircraft. An important test involves the generator voltage and consequential current distortion of the three-phase load in the variable 360–800 Hz frequency grid. The main purpose of this paper is to present and analyze a systematic design methodology for three-phase boost and buck rectifiers in order to meet with the voltage distortion test requirement. For a given voltage harmonic profile, the current harmonic limits that have to be satisfied are translated into equivalent per-harmonic admittances and a profile of maximum rectifier input admittance versus frequency is obtained. The defined profile, due to normalization, is applicable to arbitrary power level with simple shifting by the base admittance governed by the converter nominal power. It is shown that for boost-type rectifiers there is a tradeoff between current controller bandwidth and input inductor size, while for the buck-type rectifiers main limitation lies in the input LC filter design used for differential electromagnetic interference filtering. The experimental results conducted on an SiC three-phase 10 kW VIENNA rectifier are tightly backing up the proposed theoretical analysis. This paper is accompanied by three videos demonstrating experimental measurement of d-axis open-loop duty cycle to inductor current transfer function, loop-gain of d-axis current controller with 3.8 kHz bandwidth and variable grid frequency 360–800 Hz operation of the converter under 0% and 10% input three-phase voltage total harmonic distortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]