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Given that China and Türkiye are direct successors of former empires, i.e., the Qing and Ottoman Empires, they share common feelings of century-long Western humiliation, constrained maritime space, and unfinished territorial unification in modern times. However, the two countries chose divergent paths of modern national building, which result in their turbulent bilateral relations in the 20th century. While the old structural disagreements are not completely fading away, China and Türkiye have tended to build a more cooperative relations in 21st century as both of them struggle to adapt to the common challenges of neoliberal world order, which leads to more convergences than divergences in their second nation building process. Based on this historical comparison, this paper suggests that the nation building processes and its reflections on foreign affairs are the structural factor in China-Türkiye relations, which defined potential issues of cooperation and division between the two countries in different times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With decline of the unipolar system and US hegemony, Turkey, just like other middle powers and the great world powers, has been seeking a repositioning in the emerging multipolar order and claimed by a new international system. The orientation and nature of this quest has been strongly influenced by the prominent figure of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the leader of Islamist AKP party that has ruled Turkey for most of the 21st century. This long period has produced big social, political, economic and cultural changes in Turkey, which have also had an impact on its foreign policy. In the last twenty years, Turkey has modified its strategy of international insertion, both from the theoretical-doctrinal point of view as well as from the available resources and objectives. While it has not officially established a Grand Strategy, however, based on the recent actions by the Turkish government and analytical literature, it is possible to identify its main components. One of them is its intended reach at different levels: national, regional (with the determination of new areas of influence) and global, resorting to a mixture of elements of soft and hard power, with greater relevance of force in the last stage, due to circumstances considered as threats by Turkey. In any case, speaking of a grand strategy, it is necessary to try first to delimit this concept in general and identify its characteristics for Turkey in particular, as well as its challenges and main limitations, at the 100th anniversary of the Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an analysis of the change in power structures in the international system, highlighting the emergence of new actors such as China, Russia, India, Brazil, South Africa, Indonesia, South Korea, Nigeria, Mexico, and Turkey. It focuses on Turkey as a key actor in the international system of the 21st century, analyzing its foreign policy, power resources, and its influence in different regions of the world. The special edition of Oasis on Turkey presents a thematic section that addresses Turkey's relationship with the world on topics such as migration, democracy, transregionalism, and connectivity. Additionally, it includes reviews of two books. [Extracted from the article]

Museums, which are the embodiment of art, exhibition, culture, and science, have started to offer virtual space experiences as well as traditional physical space experiences in recent years. In addition to the development of technology, the pandemic, which started in 2019 and affected the whole world, has also been effective in accelerating the transformation of museums from physical space to virtual space. The increasing use of virtual museums directly concerns different user groups in terms of accessibility. In a physical museum experience, solutions that appeal to different types of users are generally produced. Thanks to these solutions, an individual with any disability can be included in the space with all senses such as sight, touch, smell, and hearing during a museum visit, while the lack of inclusion of all senses in the virtual space experience causes the experience to be more limited. This study discusses this limitation in terms of accessibility. How can the virtual space experience be more accessible for different types of users? Can different solutions be offered to all user groups for a better understanding of the space and the art product? These questions constitute the research questions of this study. In this context, this study aims to examine how accessible virtual museums are. The study has conducted this inquiry through 59 virtual museums in Turkey. As a method, virtual museums were classified and tabulated in terms of their accessibility levels in line with their characteristics. It was concluded that there are deficiencies in the experience of different types of users and various suggestions were made in terms of virtual accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education (INUJFE) is the property of Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While enhancing our economic relations with African countries was positioned as a target within Türkiye’s vision, especially after the Cold War, this could only come true in the first decade of the 21st century. As a result, there have been significant trade volume developments. Although Türkiye had a trade deficit with Africa from the mid-90s to the early 2000s, it became a surplus party in the subsequent period due to stagnation and the impacts of various crises. The trade with Africa is primarily with North African countries due to geographical proximity and historical ties. While Africa's share in Türkiye's total foreign trade volume has been gradually increasing, it remains significantly lower compared to Asia and Europe. Relations between the continent and Türkiye haven’t grown stronger yet, mainly because most African countries were former colonies. On the other hand, Türkiye's geographical proximity to Africa offers a significant opportunity to meet African countries' agricultural and food needs. In this context, this study aims to analyze Türkiye’s trade with the African continent and to reveal the opportunities, threats, strengths, and weaknesses this trade offers for both actors. Furthermore, the study provides recommendations to enhance these relations in this framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, educational programs that have been used from past to present were examined chronologically to better analyze the nature of the current Science program in primary schools in Turkey. In this research, in which the document analysis method was preferred among the qualitative research methods, official documents published by the Ministry of National Education and its affiliates were used as the data source. The obtained documents were analyzed by content analysis method. The Science course programs used in the past in the country were discussed from a multidimensional perspective. The distinctive features and orientations that have appeared in the programs over the years have been examined in line with the nature of time. As a result of the research, it is seen that the Science program in Turkey today focuses on the skills of individuals to solve daily life problems in their environment to adapt to the 21st century people in parallel with the developments in science education in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial revolutions have been shaped within the framework of certain driving factors such as mechanization, the use of steam and electricity in machines, and the invention of electronic machines. In the 21st century, which is expressed as industry 4.0, new developments and innovations have emerged in many fields such as industry, technology and education. In parallel to these developments, there have been successive changes in other related issues. In this context, the knowledge, skills and competencies that employer institutions and organizations expect from their employees have also changed, and these are named as 21st century competencies. Many academic and non-academic studies have been conducted on the quality and quantity of these qualifications. In addition, nowadays activities have been carried out for the tools and mechanisms that will ensure the acquisition of these qualifications. One of the activities that come to the fore in this context is quality and accreditation studies in the field of education. One of the organizations operating in the field of accreditation of theology and Islamic sciences programs in Turkey and internationally is the Islamic Sciences Accreditation Agency (IAA). IAA expects the outputs of the programs applying to enter the accreditation process to include the outputs of the IAA, so it expects the program graduates in the process to have the outputs of the IAA, and offers the acquisition of program-specific criteria as a recommendation. At this point, the issue of IAA outputs and program-specific criteria come to the fore whether the assurance of 21st century qualifications for graduates of theology and Islamic sciences program or not. For this reason, in this study, the role of Islamic Sciences Accreditation Agency (IAA) criteria is discussed in the process of gaining the knowledge, skills and competencies expected from individuals in the 21st century to the students of theology and Islamic sciences program. Therefore, in this article, it is aimed to reveal the place and importance of the IAA accreditation process and its criteria in the theology and Islamic sciences program undergraduate students who are in the process of IAA accreditation, in order to have 21st century qualifications. 21st century qualifications and IAA outputs as well as its program-specific criteria constitute the scope of this study since the role of IAA outputs and program-specific criteria in the acquisition of 21st century qualifications are discussed in the study. However, in this process limitations have been made at the point of specifying the 21st century competencies. In this context, the competencies expressed in 9 of 19 studies on competencies are taken as basis. All of the IAA outputs and program-specific criteria are included in the scope. This study is important in terms of showing the value of IAA accreditation at the point of gaining the 21st century qualifications to the graduates of the program who are in the IAA accreditation process, and revealing the assurance dimension of the accreditation process in gaining these qualifications. In the research, qualitative research method is used as a method and case study is used as a tool. Due to the uniqueness of the case, the single case model is preferred. For data collection, open-public documents are used. For this reason, it is seen unnecessary to obtain an ethics committee approval. In this process, initially the scientific study documents dealing with the 21st century competencies and the IAA criteria are examined, and then the obtained data are evaluated. Descriptive method is used in data analysis. Both internal validity elements, such as getting expert opinion; and external ones such as classification, categorization and coding of data are fulfilled. In the study, it is noted that IAA outputs support most of the 21st century competencies; on the other hand, it is found that IAA program-specific criteria support a significant part of these qualifications. Therefore, it is concluded that the IAA accreditation process can be a guarantee for the students of theology and Islamic sciences programs to gain these qualifications. It has not yet been determined whether the graduates of the accredited programs have gained these qualifications due to the fact that the IAA accreditation practices have just started and the impact process on the students has spread over the years. In accordance with this purpose, it is recommended to carry out different studies, including the opinions of students, graduates and stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Higher Education & Science / Yüksekögretim ve Bilim Dergisi is the property of Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of E-International Journal of Educational Research is the property of E-International Journal of Educational Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is consensus that climate change is one of the biggest problems of the 21st century. This study investigates the management accounting techniques used for carbon emissions in different dimensions by the Borsa Istanbul-100 Index companies in Turkey. The study uses the CDP (2017) survey responses of the companies, and analyzes the them by qualitative content analysis through the NVivo 12 program. The coding maps expose the management accounting techniques of each company. Results show that the management accounting techniques used in carbon management stages are; Incentive 87%, Planning and Goal Setting 84%, Performance Measurement 84% and External Assurance 71%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the ongoing debates in geography in the last quarter‐century has been on the Anglo‐American hegemony in the discipline. In the present study, the historicity of geographical practice in Turkey as a periphery country is focused on, and it is aimed to determine how hegemonic relations in geography are felt by the geographical agenda of a typical periphery country. For this purpose, a database was created based on citations to non‐Turkish geographers (with regard to their workplaces) in the articles published in all academic geography journals in Turkey between the years 1943 and 2018. Analysis shows that multiple hegemonies are present in Turkish geography. While French and German geographical practices dominated the 'long twentieth century' of the discipline in Turkey as standard‐setting and emulated practices, the twenty‐first century has been dominated by Anglo‐American hegemony, which serves as the governor of capitalist relations and unguided internationalisation in the academy. This pattern, which also reflects a sharp intellectual transformation in Turkish geography, provides a striking example of how localisation (Anglo‐Americanisation) can occur in line with internationalisation goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the long history of British theatre, the image of Turk has frequently emerged in the works of famous playwrights. Since the beginning of the Crusades, Western perceptions of Turks have centred upon stereotypical images. These negative stereotypes generated by English literature are still present. However, with the acclaimed playwright Richard Bean, a new and positive Turkish image has emerged in British theatre since the turn of the twenty-first century. In his 2007 play, In the Club, Richard Bean explores the relationship between Turkey and the European Union and draws attention to the great power of Turkish culture. The play discusses Turkey's accession process to the European Club, stressing its benefits while addressing stereotypes and biases against Turks. In this context, In the Club emphasizes that Turkey will strengthen the European Union as a model state with its culture and traditions, with its geographical location and secular structure, and by reminding members that Turks are people who work hard to improve their country. This study aims to examine the new Turkish image in Richard Bean's In the Club. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts an increase in global temperatures of between 1.48 °C and 5.88 °C during the 21st century. Using climatic habitat suitability (climate envelope) models, we assessed the potential influence of climate change on the range of the caracal (Caracal caracal Schreber) based on the IPCC's future climatic scenarios. According to our model, the caracal faces probable local extinction risks in future warming scenarios. The results of this study indicated that the caracal's response to climate change was dependent on its adaptive likelihood and the present and future probability of climate change. The caracal's suitability exhibited trends toward local extinction in the future. We suggested that its placement on the IUCN Red List be reassessed. The caracal abundance is predicted to become dramatically reduced in the Mediterranean region but to increase towards the east and south of Africa due to climatic conditions in the future. Bioclimatic envelope models do not account for non-climatic factors such as land use, biotic interactions, human interference, and dispersal or history, and results should therefore be seen as first approximations of the potential magnitude of effect of future climatic change for the caracal species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF) is the property of Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dilucu region, which is a land bridge between Turkey and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Region of Azerbaijan, has a strategically important location. The region has been under the rule of many states throughout history. The savior and founding staff of the country, who saw the importance of the region during the years of the War of Independence, started the struggle for independence from the east even in a difficult period when Anatolia was tried to be occupied, and they guaranteed our eastern borders with the Moscow and Kars Treaties. A common land border has been established between Turkey and Nakhchivan, and it has been accepted that Azerbaijan is an integral part of it, by guaranteeing its security under the guarantor of Turkey. In the first years of the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, the security problems in the region were resolved and necessary arrangements were made in our borders. At a time when new political blocs were formed in the first quarter of the 21st century, Turkish states gathered under one roof and established the Turkic Council. Transportation between these council countries has become even more important. In this article, while examining the geographical, historical and geopolitical features of Dilucu region, which provides a connection between the Turkish World and Turkey, the historical process in which our border in this region was determined is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapidly developing technology has affected our lives in many ways. The Internet has now directly affected our daily and business life, our education system and even our social life. For this reason, there is a need to develop some new skills required by our age in education. The concepts such as "Life and Career Skills", "Learning and Innovation Skills", "Information, Media and Technology Skills" have also entered our lives as the 21st century skills. This study aimed to investigate to what extent the 21st century skills were included in English language teacher training programs; to compare the perspectives of students and academics of the related programs with the program and to discuss the effectiveness of the program in terms of developing the 21st century skills. For this purpose, the study adopted mixed methods research design based on both qualitative and quantitative data. The data were collected using triangulation method via document analysis, questionnaires for students and academics and face to face interviews. In addition, the ELT department programs of randomly selected Faculties of Education of 4 different universities were examined. The results have revealed that the curriculum provided by the Council of Higher Education are applied in all the participating ELT departments, and it aims to develop the 21st century skills in prospective EFL teachers at some points. However, the course contents of the curricula in those departments are limited to some of the skills which may break the integrity of the 21st century skills in professional life reflections. The participant academics and students believe that some of the components of the 21st century skills are included in their course contents but not completely. The students do not feel confident about handling the 21st century skills in a real-life implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Institute / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Bingol University / Rectorate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Syrian crisis is a long-standing problem that affects power relations and creates a regional/global impact in today's Middle East. It has attracted the attention of many states due to its geographical location, natural resources, as well as being located on the route to various assets. In other words, the experienced crises occur in relation to the decisions taken by the states according to their own interests. The most important issue that shapes this situation is - apart from the effort to reach the resources in the region - the embroilment of ongoing problems of the 21st century in the international system. To understand the transitory state that exists in the international system, it is not sufficient to make an inference only from the existing cyclical order when examining the events. In this context, it is aimed to discuss the approaches of two competing powers in the international system by choosing the 1957 Syrian Crisis in the Cold War and the 2011 Syrian Crisis after the Cold War. In this way, two similar period intervals will be studied through the neorealist framework. Because while both the Republic of Turkey and the Russian Federation (USSR during the Cold War) want to protect their own interests during these two crisis periods, they also affect the emergence and recovery processes of problems. With this study, it will be tried to reveal how the Syrian issue affects Turkey-Russia relations both in terms of the international system and in terms of differences in the region by help of the neorealist perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Eurasian Education & Culture is the property of Ayse Burcu Ulusoy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rising temperatures and decreasing rainfall are expected to have negative effects on ecosystem services by causing significant shrinkage or shift of forest distribution particularly in Mediterranean basin. In this study, it was aimed to determine the distribution of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) by modelling the current and future potential locations of the habitats. With Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) approach, we predicted its distribution under current and future conditions (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) in Turkey. Modelling was performed by using eight bioclimatic variables that show significant relationship to the current distribution of oriental beech and were widely used in the literature. The fitted model had high quality (93.5% AUC) and is biological meaningful. The prediction of warmer condition in future showed that the populations on the southern slopes of the North Anatolian Mountains were expected to shrink and that there would be reduction in the populations found in the main distribution area in the Istranca Mountains and the Northern Anatolia, especially in populations in the transition zone of Central Anatolia. Also, oriental beech would lose its isolated-marginal populations in the southeast of Turkey. The results highlight the importance of a genetic conservation programme for beech population in Turkey. Otherwise, the genetic pools seem to extinct under climate change. Furthermore, the paper is intended to provide a starting point for a monitoring of oriental beech at the edge of its distribution, to observe its climatic migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Middle Eastern Studies / Ortadoğu Etütleri is the property of Turkmen Cooperation & Cultural Foundation Center for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies (ORSAM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of E-International Journal of Educational Research is the property of E-International Journal of Educational Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the effects of the STEM activities integrated with socioscientific issues on students' 21st century skills were investigated. In this research, nested mixed design was used. The study group of this research consisted of 16 middle school students who studied in the seventh grade of a public school in an eastern province of Turkey. Socio-scientific STEM activities were applied to the study group for 24 weeks in the first and second semesters. Students followed the engineering design stages for STEM activities. In the research, 21st Century Skills Scale, Interview Form, Perception of 21st Century Skills Form, Field Notes, and Informal Interview Notes were used as data collection tools. SPSS was used to analyze the quantitative data of the research, and content and descriptive analysis methods were used to analyze the qualitative data. The study results showed that STEM activities integrated with socio-scientific issues had a positive effect on students' 21st century skills. Also, as a result of the examination of the opinions of the students, it was determined that the application developed the “creativity and innovation” skills of the students the most. Furthermore, students’ social and intercultural entrepreneurship, self-management, leadership and responsibility, critical thinking, problem solving, communication and cooperation, creativity and innovation skills were enhanced/developed at the end of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anadolu University Journal of Art & Design / Sanat & Tasarım is the property of Anadolu University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Folklor / Edebiyat is the property of Cyprus International University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study was to determine the 21st century skills level of undergraduate students studying in Library and Information Science (LIS) departments. A cross-sectional survey design from non-experimental research approach was preferred to examine the change in the students' 21st century skill levels. The sample of the study consisted of 683 students studying in the LIS departments of 9 universities with active students in different geographical locations of Turkey. As data collection tools, 3 different measurement tools were used to measure 21st century skills determined within the scope of the study, and the data were collected in the spring semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. One-Way MANOVA statistical analysis technique was used in the analysis of the data. As a result, students' levels of digital literacy, collaboration, and algorithmic thinking skills were found to increase as the year of study level increased. When examined according to age levels, only collaboration and algorithmic thinking skills differed between the groups. When a comparison was made according to universities, it was determined that the level of effective listening skills, which is an element of algorithmic thinking, collaboration, and effective communication skills, differed significantly. The highest level of digital literacy skills was determined in the students studying at Hacettepe University. The findings related to universities' getting their students to gain 21st century skills were discussed in detail in the study, and recommendations were presented in accordance with the findings. The results of the present study is hoped to guide LIS teaching staff to design a curriculum which enables their students enhance the 21st century skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkey and China countries have shared unique historical background. There is no doubt, historical facts and perceptions affected their mutual relations. International system in the 21st century is complex and interdependent where mutual relations have been more diversified and intensified. That’s why complexity theory has been useful tool to understand nature of international system. In this respect, this article seeks to understand three dimensions of Turkey and China relationship which are concurrent modernization, economic and security cooperation with the notion of co-evolution, interdependency and emergence vis á vis complexity theory. As analyzed, complex international system would bring new opportunities especially post COVID-19 era together with more material, operational and institutionalized policies by two actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Business Administration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article attempts to understand the outcomes of the crackdown on the Arab revolts and the lessons learned thereof. There is no doubt that the Arab revolts were corrupted shortly after their start and used to serve the interests of counterrevolutionaries. The economic, social, and political problems, which triggered the riots in 2011, have not been mitigated a decade later. In this respect, Turkey's respect for popular demands, the attractiveness of its democratic model, and it proactive foreign policy have concerned the Gulf states leading them to view Turkey as a country that they had to contain. However, Turkey's post-2016 efforts to restore the balance of power through the use of hard power prevented Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates from developing a new regional blueprint under the Trump administration. Right now, there are indications that all regional powers are engaging in a fresh strategic assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to examine the critical and creative thinking, multidimensional 21st century skills and the change in academic achievements as a result of technology integration of prospective teachers who have science education in pedagogy fields. Research was carried out in Turkey's western Black Sea region in a state university. 144 prospective teachers, who were educated in the faculty of education and who were in science, classroom and pre-school education departments, participated in the research. The research was carried out in 3 stages. In the first stage, technology integration is not provided. In the second stage, basic and medium level technology integration is provided. In the third stage, advanced technology integration is provided. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were used together in the research. Academic success test, critical and creative thinking test developed by the researcher as a means of quantitative data collection, and three different scales with validity and reliability were used previously. In addition, project, exam, homework, presentation and group work scores are included in the process. Semi-structured interview, observation and field notes, document review, were used as qualitative data collection tools. The quantitative data obtained were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. While doing these operations, SPSS 23.0 and LISREL 9.2 package programs were used. Qualitative data were subjected to descriptive analysis and content analysis. The results of the research show that gradual integration of technology into the education process provides a positive change in prospective teachers' critical and creative thinking, multi-dimensional 21st century skills and academic achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the early twenty-first century, tall building construction has gained significant momentum in the urban cities of Turkey as a result of the population and economic growth. Accruing more than 1500 buildings by year 2015, the majority of the country's exposure now clusters across the seismically active landscape of the Istanbul metropolitan area. As such, the underlying earthquake risk calls for the investigation of the seismic performance of these structures. While hazard studies for Istanbul are available, the literature is still devoid of studies related to the seismic risk assessment of tall buildings located there. As an attempt to fill this gap, this paper focuses on the characterization and quantification of the existing exposure to allow risk assessment both at single building and portfolio levels. To this end, an extensive tall building inventory containing the structural drawings of 94 buildings is compiled and thoroughly examined to make a projection of the design practice. After establishing statistically representative archetypes, we quantified their dynamic response to 1999 Düzce and Kocaeli earthquake ground motions. We notice a maximum difference of 100% in the maximum interstory drift ratios (equaling a 2% increase in absolute value) between two different tall building archetypes. Moreover, the analysis results indicate that the incident angle of the applied ground-motion can be a discriminant factor between structural collapse and survival. The outcome of this study puts forward a robust basis for prospective structural analyses, collapse risk assessment as well as loss estimation analyses of tall buildings in Istanbul. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I analyze the rise of the "Lausanne Syndrome" in Turkish politics during the twenty‐first century through the prism of ontological security theory. The arguments are presented through the examination of the legacy of the "Sèvres Syndrome", the impact of the Turkish‐Israeli diplomatic break‐up during the 2010s on the Turkish self‐narrative, and the declaration of the second war of independence following the failed coup attempt of 2016. The "Lausanne Syndrome" serves both as a domestic and foreign policy tool, as it relates to Erdoğan's search for ontological security and geopolitical strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research suggests that linkage to the West can have a strong democratizing influence on transitioning states. Yet, Western linkage and leverage lost much of their democratizing force by the early twenty‐first century. Turkey's political trajectory over the last decade furnishes a representative case study of the waning power of the West as an anchor for democratization in high‐linkage countries. Despite Turkey's robust ties to the West, competitive authoritarianism has been further entrenched and signs of a drift toward full‐fledged authoritarianism emerged since the failed coup of July 2016. We argue that in a context where the European Union and the United States' willingness to support democracy declined considerably the AKP's distancing from the West in foreign policy and balancing the Western powers with its new economic and political relations with autocratic regimes have served to stifle the democratizing pressure of Western linkage by lowering the cost of autocratic behavior for the AKP government and facilitating Turkey's illiberal turn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the essential qualities for elementary teachers specifically in the 21st century based on the perspectives of teacher educators, pre-service and in-service elementary teachers, and the authorities of the Ministry of National Education and the Council of Higher Education in Turkey. Designed as phenomenological research, the participants included 58 teacher educators, 29 pre-service elementary teachers, 28 in-service elementary teachers, four authorities from the Ministry of National Education and one authority from the Council of Higher Education, who were selected through criterion sampling, maximum variation sampling, and snowball sampling strategies. The data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews, and analyzed by content analysis method. The participants reported that elementary teachers needed to possess certain qualities that include the essential knowledge, skills, and attitudes in the following domains: (1) information and communication technologies, (2) higher-order thinking skills, (3) autonomy and collaboration, (4) flexibility, (5) adaptation, (6) culturally responsiveness, (7) local and universal issues, (8) personal and professional development, (9) students with special needs, (10) differentiation, and (11) effective communication. The study does not only reflect the evolving needs of elementary teachers along with the changing characteristics of the societies in the 21st century, but it also offers a ground for the future directions of elementary teacher admission, preparation, certification, evaluation, and appointment policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences / İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The authors investigate the role of market orientation in advertising spending during economic contraction. They use the 2001 economic collapse in Turkey as the empirical context in which to test hypotheses regarding why some firms increase their advertising spending in a contraction period while the majority of firms cut back. Analyzing market orientation at the level of its intelligence and responsiveness facets, they find the responsiveness facet to be positively associated with increases in advertising spending but observe the intelligence facet to be negatively associated with advertising spending. Importantly, positive shifts in advertising spending during the economic contraction predict better subsequent business performance. The opposing roles of the intelligence and responsiveness facets disappear in a subsequent economic expansion period. These findings have managerial and theoretical implications. Firms that nurture the responsiveness facet of market orientation during economic contractions go against the tide to increase their advertising spending and experience the performance benefits that such countercyclical actions can amass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first half of the twentieth century, Thompson-Starrett and Co., a New York-based American engineering, construction, and contracting firm, dominated the building scene. In operation between 1899 and 1968, it was a leader in skyscraper construction and large-scale projects, and literally built the New York skyline. It designed and constructed the tallest skyscraper of the era, the Woolworth Building, as well as other iconic Manhattan structures such as the Equitable Building, the American Stock Exchange, the New York Municipal Building, and the Claridge, Algonquin, Roosevelt, St. Regis, and Waldorf-Astoria Hotels. A formidable pioneering force in structural engineering a hundred years ago, Thompson-Starrett is, by and large, forgotten today, especially its post-World War II ventures in Turkey, such as the Sarıyar Dam and the Çeşme Beach Houses, a luxury beachfront cooperative located in Ilıca, Izmir. However, what would prompt the engineering firm responsible for the Woolworth Building to take on the road and utility construction and project management of a Turkish summer resort? The answer lies in Cold War geopolitics and booming private enterprise, both of which, in the 1950s, converged in Turkey, relied on American engineering, and involved a complex process of Americanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In point of changing educational technologies, processing teacher education system, teachers and students need to obtain 21st century abilities. While there are several studies on P21 skills have been made, there has been less research on English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers ' teaching 21st skills. With regard to this view, the aim of this paper is to investigate EFL teachers ' attitude towards 21st century skills in a city of Turkey. The background of this study is EFL teachers' professional development in implementing 21st century competences in the classrooms. The participants of the study were 56 EFL teachers from different school types. The study used the mixed method sequential explanatory strategy. The quantitative data was collected using questionnaire to examine differences in terms of EFL teachers ' teaching experience and working environment and using technological tools in EFL teaching. The data were analyzed using one-way Anova test. In qualitative data, semi-structured interview was conducted with 8 EFL teachers to confirm the quantitative results. The results of these studies revealed that EFL teachers have positive attitudes towards P21 skills and implementing technological tools into EFL classrooms. The implications were provided for a larger study in other aspects of 21st century skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Black Sea / Karadeniz is the property of Black Sea / Karadeniz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Twenty-first century teachers are expected to have the ability to benefit from collaboration, problem solving, creative and innovative thinking, information and communication technology (ICT) applications. Teachers need to know various pedagogical approaches and appropriate ways to use ICT to support the development of twenty-first century skills of their students. The framework of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) provides a theoretical model for studying the way teachers use ICT in education. The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationships of the components that constitute the TPACK-21 scale. The data were collected from 254 teacher candidates at a state university in Turkey from the science and math departments in the academic year of 2017-2018. For this purpose, the relationships between the components/factors that constitute the TPACK-21 scale were examined with a model. Relational survey model was used in the research. In the research, the scale developed by Valtonen et al. (2017) determining prospective teachers' 21st century skills of TPACK-21 was used. The data obtained in the study were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The direct and positive effects of Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK21) and Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK21) from external variables consisting of binary knowledge fields of the research are seen on TPACK-21. These variables explain 74% of the change in TPACK-21. TCK is the variable that affects TPACK-21 the most. Another important result reached in this study is that teachers' content knowledge (CK) directly and positively affect TCK and PCK21 and this effect is greater than the effect of technological knowledge (TK) and pedagogical knowledge (PK21). When the results of this research are evaluated, a gradual model including CK and PCK21 can be proposed instead of a direct technology-based approach to professional development programs developed to increase 21st century competencies of teachers' TPACK-21s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As oneness reflects the much-needed worldview in the 21st century, exploring how oneness behaviors might play out in different cultures seem a worthwhile scientific pursuit in the service of humanity. The main purpose of the present study is to test whether factor structure and measurement construct of Oneness Behaviors Scale is valid on the Indian sample. A total of 1040 participants (651 from Turkey 389 from India) participated in the study for testing the cross-cultural equivalence of the scale. The results demonstrated limited partial invariance of oneness scale across Turkish and Indian samples with suggesting most of items have been perceived and understood differently, even factorial structure is similar. With the very limited findings of invariant items between these cultures, making further tests would add to our understanding of oneness behaviors in terms of both research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yearbook of the Faculty of Political Sciences / Godisnjak Fakultet Politickih Nauka Beograd is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Political Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUG Journal of Humanitarian Research is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)