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Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The legal regulation on geographical indications in Turkey was made with the "Decree Law No. 555 on the Protection of Geographical Indications" (Decree Law No. 555), which entered into force in 1995. After the Decree Law which continued its effectiveness between 1995 and 2016, the "Industrial Property Law" numbered 6769 (SMK No. 6769) was put into effect in 2017. In this law, Geographical indications are defined with the expression, a sign indicating the product identified with the territory, arae, region or country of Origin in terms of a distinctive quality, reputation or other characteristics. According to this, Geographical indication registration is given to Products that are identified with the region in which they ocur and that have certain distinctive features. Geographical inications which are of great importance for the Protection of local and cultural herritage, increase the reabiliyt of products. This situation affects the consumer preference, increases the sales of the Products and expands the market share. In this study, the geographical indication system, which has an important place in Turkey's agenda for the last years is introduced and Iğdır apricot which was registered with the Protected Designation of Origin on 17.09.2018. As a matter of fact in the study, the basic dynamics of geographical indication protection; description and distinguishing features of the product, geographical boundary and the product - geographical area relationship, the cultivation technique and audit of the product are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences / Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ancient Lycaonia is located Phrygia Paroreia and East Pisidia in the west, Cappadocia in the east, Cilicia Tracheia (Rough Cilicia) in the south and Isauria in the southwest. Lycaonia has an important place in the Anatolian policies and administrative regulations of Rome due to its fertile plain, its location in the center of Anatolia, and its proximity to regions that are difficult to manage such as Cilicia Tracheia (Rough Cilicia), Isauria and Pisidia. So much so that after every confusion in the rough areas mentioned, a number of administrative regulations were initiated and Lycaonia was also heavily affected by these regulations. For this reason, the administrative structure of Lycaonia where under the rule of Rome, has also changed frequently according to time and conditions. It is understood that South Lycaonia has a precedence in the political and administrative regulations of Rome regarding Lycaonia. This can be explained by the fact that Rome had a more important the place in terms of its military, economic and strategic interests in the region than North Lycaonia. In this study, the changes in the political and administrative structure of Lycaonia and the causes and consequences of these changes were discussed within the context of the regulations made by Rome in Anatolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study is to examine strategic management regulations in public administration in Turkey. At the present time, there is a rapid change process in the social, political and economic fields. An ongoing process of research and inquiry into the design of a new society that envisages sharing on a more equitable basis by improving living standards in many countries is becoming increasingly important. Whether or not the new management techniques developed to provide efficiency and productivity in management that can be applied in public administration continues to be at the focus of discussions in the field of management science. Strategic management is one of these new management techniques. With the developments after the 1970s, it began to be implemented in many countries of the world. In Turkey, strategic management first emerged in the private sector and then began to be implemented in public administration. In this study, after examining the strategic management, strategic management in the public sector and the literature from a conceptual point of view, the legal legislation related to strategic management in Turkey is included. It is a qualitative research. Legal and administrative regulations regarding strategic management in public administration in Turkey are examined in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Higher Education / Yüksekögretim Dergisi is the property of Deomed Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The new government system of Turkey can be described as hyper-presidentialism, this is because the president then becomes the arbiter of all powers. In another word, the power to enact decrees, appoint bureaucrats and judicial officials into offices, and the power to dissolve a parliament belongs solely to the president. As strong presidency fuse with disciplined party system as well as concurrent elections and 10 percent electoral threshold, the president possibly poses a great danger to the separation of powers. Additionally, with regards to the presidential term, the president constitutionally holds the power to be elected only for two terms in Turkey. However, Erdoğan and his supporters believe that the 2017 constitutional amendments that changed the system of government has reset the agenda. Thus, the 2017 amendments offered Erdoğan a secret opportunity to join the presidential election race for a third, and even a fourth term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iş, Güç: The Journal of Industrial Relations & Human Resources is the property of Is, Guc: The Journal of Industrial Relations & Human Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The New Public Management approach has led to institutional change in the governance structures of states. As a result of this change, the authority to regulate the markets has been delegated to Regulatory and Supervisory Authorities (RSA). The purpose of delegating authority to these institutions is to create an environment of trust by keeping the markets away from both economic and political interests and conflicts. That is, to reduce political transaction costs and to ensure the credibility of the regulatory commitment. There is a close relationship between the reasons for the delegation of authority to RSAs and their independence. Increasing the level of independence ensures the credibility of the regulatory commitment and reduces political transaction costs. However, a decrease in the level of independence undermines credibility and increases political transaction costs. RSAs were also established in Turkey for these purposes. However, Turkey's administrative culture and governance structure have led to a continuous debate on these institutions. This study aims to measure the formal independence of RSAs in Turkey using Multidimensional Scaling Analysis. It also examines the relationship between credible commitment, political transaction costs, and independence. The two decree laws enacted in 2011 and the Presidential Decree Law enacted in 2018 have negatively affected the independence of RSAs. In this context, it can be said that credible commitment has decreased and political transaction costs have increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hacettepe University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Hacettepe Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Economic & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences / Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Optimum: Journal of Economics & Management Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gazi Journal of Economics & Business is the property of Gazi Journal of Economics & Business and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the development of coastal and maritime zone legislation in Turkey was examined within the scope of e-government policy, and for a comparative analysis, the changes made in past legislation were included. For this purpose, the study determined the regulations in Turkey dealing with coastal and marine areas as found in different laws and statutory decrees, ordinances, communiqués, directives, general principles and in particular, the Constitution and the Civil Code. The institutions that carry out coastal and marine area activities were revealed by referring to the laws and to the 'State Organization Database'. An activity matrix was established linking the laws and their associated activities. The maritime borders of Turkey were presented in terms of international law and evaluations were made on the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Idealkent: Journal of Urban Studies is the property of Idealkent and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The first years of the Republic of Turkey was a process when, on one hand, revolutions based on social transformations were carried out and, on the other hand, administrative regulations based on institutional transformations were introduced. Atatürk went on a nationwide tour in the years 1930-1931 in order to see on site to what extent central government policies are realized and listen to the citizens. This study discusses the report prepared by the Ministry of Interior as required by the notes taken by Atatürk during his nationwide tour. The report prepared by the Ministry of Interior involves quite significant data concerning many issues such as the reconsideration of the administrative division of Turkey, authorities of governors, land reform in Turkey, statistical data regarding the transition of the nomads into settled life, functioning of the local authorities and public investigators. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the literature by revealing the administrative structure and demographic characteristics of the period, administrative issues, and alternative solutions on the basis of the information supplied by this report which was prepared by the highest authorities of the period and presented to Prime Ministry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This study aims to analyze how recent regulation changes, namely, Basel II and the New Turkish Commercial Code, affect small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the relationship between SMEs and banks in Turkey through the eyes of SME managers. The author believes that the answers could differ for various types of SME. Design/methodology/approach - In-depth interviews enabled a refined analysis of the effects of regulations in the eyes of firms' representatives. The study was conducted for SMEs in the Anatolia Organized Industrial Zone. Findings - One of the important conclusions of the paper is the fact that the loan approval process has been standardized and centralized. The results also show that regulations have different effects on larger and already stable firms than on smaller and/or start-up SMEs that do not have sufficient resources for the transformation required by regulations. Originality/value - First, this study is a qualitative study that has the advantage of reaching richer and more plausible information that cannot be obtained by analyzing the numbers. Second, this study tries to analyze the perceptions of SMEs' financial representatives rather than the perspectives of bank representatives. Finally, to the author's knowledge, there has been no other study that analyzed a developing country on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Accounting & Auditing Perspective Magazine / Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış is the property of Union of Chambers of Certified Public Accountants of Turkey (TURMOB) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Russo-Turkish war of 1828-1829, led to the change of the legal status of the Romanian Principalities. Russia became a protective power and Turkey a suzerain power. The Organic Regulations introduced new provisions in various areas of the Romanian social life, the most significant remaining those regarding the State organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Conference Journal of Social Policy / Sosyal Siyaset Konferanslar Dergisi is the property of Journal of Social Policy Conferences/Sosyal Siyaset Konferanslar Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Bulgaria appears to be entering--economically and politically--a second phase in its post-totalitarian development: a period of privatization of state industry. The measures which are likely to accompany this process will pose severe obstacles to small-scale traders--in their majority Bulgarian Gypsies--importing goods from Turkey. On the basis of field-study observations of the markets of Bulgaria and Turkey (Istanbul) this paper describes the survival strategies adopted by the Gypsies in contemporary Bulgaria and attempts to predict the likely influence of the upcoming privatization phase on their lifestyles and life perspectives. It specifically seeks to explore the ways and methods whereby legal and administrative regulations, as well as moral boundaries, are dealt with by ethnic groups who have limited access to the administrative and popular mechanisms for the imposition and enforcement of the regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• To highlight the impact of afforestation on deforestation. • For contributes to the development of a more comprehensive land use policy on private afforestation. • To increase of the public consciousness and the social-economic importance of income-generating species that is used in small-scale afforestation. • To increase of the public consciousness and the social-economic importance of incomegenerating species that is used in private afforestation. In Turkey, 99.9 % of the forest land belongs to the state, and according to the Turkish Constitution, the ownership of the state forests cannot be transferred to private parties or other non-state organizations. However, some permits have been granted to use and benefit from the state forests without transferring the ownership. One such is the private afforestation permit. Private afforestation aims to increase forest lands and the growing stock, to re-establish the deteriorating balance between soil, water, and plants, to improve the environmental value, and to provide income to natural entities. This study aims to identify the legal and administrative regulation dimensions of the land use policy on private afforestation in Turkey and to compare them with other successful international afforestation policies. The second part of this paper is a case study on the impact of the legal changes over time in private afforestation in the sample area. Interviews were conducted with participants in the program using questions addressing the socio-economic and cultural benefits of private afforestation along with their afforestation practices and problems. The overall conclusion of this survey was that private afforestation practice had contributed to the income level of the participants. Further, to increase the participation in the program, more public awareness was necessary and incentives to participate must be increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the World Medical Association (WMA) Council Resolution on Threats to Professional Autonomy and Self-Regulation in Turkey adopted in Prague, the Czech Republic in April 2012. It expresses concern on Government Decree 663 that delegates authority to the Health Professions Board of the Ministry of Health for critical functions that should remain with the Turkish Medical Association. It urges the Turkish government to rescind Decree 663 and restore professional autonomy.

Although Article 3 of Protocol 1 to the ECHR, which guarantees the rights of individuals to vote or to stand in free elections, is provided only for elections in which the legislature is chosen, the term legislature has not been interpreted by the ECtHR in a manner that excludes all bodies other than national parliaments. Whether various elections fall within the scope of P1-3 has been determined by examining the nature of the rulemaking power of the body at stake. In various applications regarding presidential elections, the Court has examined the influence of the President on the Parliament and his/her power to issue decrees, but it has not applied P1-3 in any presidential election so far. While the parliamentary and semi-presidential systems that most European countries adopt justify that conclusion, Turkey, which switched from a parliamentary system to a presidential system that favours the President over legislative and judicial branches, presents a significant exception. In this regard, this Article analyzes the presidential system that Turkey adopted along with the 2017 constitutional amendments within the Court's case-law and shows why presidential elections held under this system should be and probably will be considered to be within the scope of P1-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preschool education of children who need special care has become obligatory in the delegated legislation no 573 on special education, issued in 1997, and in the regulations of special education services, prepared in 2006 on the basis of that legislation. The harmonization education is defined as special education practices " based on the principle suggesting that individuals in need of special education can continue their educations, together with their peers without any incapability, at public or private, preschool, primary school, secondary school, and widespread education institutions". As well as in this legislation, the regulations related to the harmonization education were also made in the MONE legislation of Preschool Educational Institutions. It is seen that preschool educations of children in need of special care have been guaranteed by legal arrangements. The important problems arising in harmonization education have caused scientific studies and postgraduate studies to focus on this issue. The purpose of the study is to examine the postgraduate theses on harmonization programs in the preschool period in Turkey and analyze the defined problems and solution suggestions. The study was done in a mixed pattern, and document analysis method was used in it. The qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques were used in the analysis of the data. The postgraduate theses used in the study were selected through the thesis review page of Higher Education Institution. For the identification of the theses, the keywords, including "harmonization, preschool, program", were used, and accordingly, a total of 17 postgraduate theses were reached. The data were collected by "Pre School Harmonization Programs and Postgrade Thesis Studies Review Form" prepared by the researcher. The form contains 11 items that include variables such as the types of postgraduate theses, their production year, production institute, department, sampling, research type, these data collection place. Besides, the conclusion and suggestions parts of the theses were deeply examined with content analysis method. As a result of the study, it was found that the theses of harmonization programs in preschool period in Turkey mainly were done on postgraduate level, their majority were studied at the departments of Educational Sciences Institution, and mainly at special education sections, and their majority were descriptive studies based on teacher views, and the problems identified at postgraduate theses of harmonization education and solution suggestions of that were deeply examined with content analysis, and thematically submitted, and the suggestions of the studies to be newly conducted on this issue were offered.

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Neurology / Turk Noroloji Dergisi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An industrial product can be defined in broad terms as “any product produced by the industry.” Today’s products no longer distinguish themselves from their rivals in terms of their technologies, material and uses only, but also in terms of their design, which can figure as a reason for purchase for consumers. The motive behind the protection of industrial designs by way of official registration is the purpose to protect the rights of individuals or institutions who has created the design and to promote competition. Therefore once they are officially registered, all the industrial designs in the world are under the protection of certain laws and regulations for a certain amount of time. In Turkey, industrial designs are protected by decree law number 554 concerning the protection of industrial designs that passed on June 27, 1995. In the EU countries, industrial designs are protected by community design regulations that passed on June March 6, 2002. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]