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Objective: To investigate the prevalence, diameter, and position of the alveolar antral artery (AAA) canals and measure the distances from the canal to the maxillary sinus floor and to the edentulous alveolar crest in each posterior maxillary tooth locations by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of the posterior maxillary region from 280 patients were investigated. The prevalence and diameter of the AAA canal were evaluated. The perpendicular distances from the canal to the maxillary sinus floor and to the edentulous alveolar crest of each tooth locations were measured. The mediolateral positions and routes of the canals were observed with novel classification. Statistical analyses were carried out to determine any significant differences in mean distances between the tooth locations along with mean distances of tooth location by age, gender, and dentate status. Results: The AAA canal was found in 94.6% with a mean diameter ± SD of 1.05 ± 0.34 mm. The mean ± SD perpendicular distance from AAA canal to the edentulous alveolar crest at the first (16.02 ± 3.94 mm) and the second molars (16.74 ± 3.51 mm) were significantly shorter than the second premolar region. The intrasinus mediolateral position of the canal (72.5%) was the most common in concordance with the all-in type mediolateral route (50.9%). Conclusion: The intrasinus mediolateral position of the AAA canal is a common structure in the lateral wall of maxillary sinus, which could be detected with CBCT images. The all-in type is the most prevalent mediolateral route among a novel 7-type classification system of AAA routes. Owing to the short distance between the AAA canal and the alveolar crest in the first and second molar locations, CBCT images should be taken to investigate the AAA position and route before sinus lift procedure to prevent the risk of hemorrhage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]