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• An improved segmentation network is leveraged to segment weed pixels automatically. • The network fully uses the multilayer perceptron unit to approximate any color-based indexes. • It exploits the attention mechanics for capturing long-range contextual information. • It utilized multi-scale local information structured features to aggregate local weed information. • The algorithm successfully detects weed regardless of arbitrary size and crop growth stages. Weed control is a global issue, and has attracted great attention in recent years. Deploying autonomous robots for weed removal has great potential in terms of constructing environment-friendly agriculture, and saving manpower. In this paper, we propose a weed/crop segmentation network that provides better performance for precisely recognizing the weed with arbitrary shape in complex environment condition, and offers great support for autonomous robots to successfully reduce the density of weed. Our deep neural network (DNN)-based segmentation model obtains persistent improvements by integrating four additional components. i) Hybrid dilated convolution and DropBlock are introduced into the classification backbone network, where the hybrid dilated convolution enlarges the receptive field, while DropBlock regularizes the weight parameters to learn robust features by random drops contiguous regions. ii) A universal function approximation block is added to the front-end of the backbone network, which adaptively converts the existing RGB-NIR bands into optimized (RGB + NIR)-based indices to increase the classification performance. iii) The bridge attention block is exploited, in order to make the network "globally" refer to the correlated region, regardless of the distance for capturing the rich long-range contextual information. iv) The spatial pyramid refinement block is inserted to fuse multi-scale feature maps with different size of receptive fields to provide the precise localization of segmentation result, by maintaining the consistency of feature maps. We evaluate our network performance on two challenging Stuttgart and Bonn datasets. The state-of-the-art performance on the two datasets shows that each added component has notable potential to boost the segmentation accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the 50th Photogrammetric Week that was held on September 5-9, 2005 at the University of Stuttgart, Germany. Tutorials on digital imaging in photogrammetry and photogrammetric low-level image processing, among other areas of interest preceded the conference. Those who presented the tutorials included Dieter Fritsch and Norbert Haala who are both senior members of the Institute of Photogrammetry at University of Stuttgart.