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The motivation for constructing a thin-shell wormhole from a (2+1)-dimensional rotating black hole arises from the desire to study the effects of a nonminimally coupled scalar field in this particular spacetime. By investigating the behavior of such a field in the presence of rotation, we can gain insights into the interplay between gravity and scalar fields in lower-dimensional systems. Additionally, this construction allows us to explore potential connections between black hole physics and exotic phenomena like traversable wormholes. The radial perturbation around the equilibrium throat radius is considered to explore the stable configuration for specific values of physical parameters. Then, the equations of state, specifically the phantom-like and generalized Chaplygin gas model for exotic matter is used to conduct an extensive investigation into the stability of the counter-rotating thin-shell wormholes. Our results show that the presence of a scalar field enhances the stability of the counter-rotating thin-shell wormholes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the structure of a gravitational vacuum star (also known as gravastar) in the background of f (ℜ , 2) theory. This hypothetical object can be treated as a substitute of a black hole, with three regions: (i) the internal region, (ii) the intrinsic shell and (iii) the outer region. We examine these geometries using Finch–Skea metric for the radial metric component along with the particular f (ℜ , 2) model. We determine singularity-free solutions for both the inner as well as thin-shell domains. The smooth matching of the interior region with external Schwarzschild spacetime is obtained through Israel matching constraints. Finally, we study various characteristics of gravastar domains including the equation-of-state parameter, proper length, entropy, energy as well as surface redshift. It is found that the compact gravastar structure is a viable alternate to the black hole in the perspective of this gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that small homogeneous solutions to the Einstein–Boltzmann-scalar field system exist globally toward the future and tend to the de Sitter solution in a suitable sense. More specifically, we assume that the spacetime is of Bianchi type I–VIII, that the matter is described by Israel particles and that there exists a scalar field with a potential which has a positive lower bound. This represents a generalization of the work [H. Lee and E. Nungesser, Classical Quantum Gravity 35, 025001 (2018)], where a cosmological constant was considered, and a generalization of [H. Lee and J. Lee, J. Math. Phys. 63, 031502 (2022)], where a spatially flat FLRW spacetime was considered. We obtain the global existence and asymptotic behavior of classical solutions to the Einstein–Boltzmann-scalar field system for small initial data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal regimes dealing with security have prominent temporal attributes: they are often intended to operate for a specified period of time in response to an imminent danger and allow governments to employ extraordinary measures enabling them to act faster when faced with time- critical scenarios. Such regimes also have prominent spatial attributes: they often protect a physical border, delineate spaces with extra-legal status, or use surveillance measures such as cameras or patrols for monitoring designated areas. Based on the analysis of one security regime that was imposed on the Palestinian minority in Israel between 1948 and 1966, I argue in this article that such spatial and temporal attributes affect each other and that different legal measures associated with security can be characterized by the specific time/space configuration – or chronotope – embedded in them. In Israel, a military regime was imposed on specific areas to foil the movement of its subjects and thereby further its territorial objectives. The procedures that the regime employed were therefore designed to monitor and control individuals' whereabouts. Each of these seemingly spatial attributes, however, gained its particular function and meaning from a specific interaction with temporal attributes. The prism of the chronotope illuminates how security legal measures generate distinct modes of governance and produce different boundaries to the political community, in a way that a one-dimensional analysis fails to capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplementing earlier literature by e.g. Tipler et al. (1980), Israel (1987), Thorne (1994), Earman (1999), Senovilla and Garfinkle (2015), Curiel (2019) and Landsman (2021), I provide a historical and conceptual analysis of Penrose's path-breaking 1965 singularity (or incompleteness) theorem. The emphasis is on the nature and historical origin of the assumptions and definitions used in—or otherwise relevant to—the theorem, as well as on the discrepancy between the (astro)physical goals of the theorem and its actual content: even if its assumptions are met, the theorem fails to prove the existence or formation of black holes. Penrose himself was well aware of this gap, which he subsequently tried to overcome with his visionary and influential cosmic censorship conjectures. Roughly speaking, to infer from (null) geodesic incompleteness that there is a "black" object one needs weak cosmic censorship, whereas in addition a "hole" exists (as opposed to a boundary of an extendible space-time causing the incompleteness of geodesics) if strong cosmic censorship holds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cauchy problem for the Einstein–Boltzmann-scalar field system is studied. A spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker spacetime is considered with matter contents described by the relativistic Boltzmann equation for Israel particles and a nonlinear scalar field with an exponential potential. The initial data are assumed to be small in a suitable sense, and we obtain the global existence and asymptotic behavior of small solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a free massive quantized Klein–Gordon field in a spacetime (M , g) containing a stationary bifurcate Killing horizon, i.e. a bifurcate Killing horizon whose Killing vector field is globally time-like in the right wedge ℳ + associated to the horizon. We prove the existence of the Hartle–Hawking–Israel (HHI) vacuum state, which is a pure state on the whole spacetime whose restriction to ℳ + is a thermal state ω T H for the time-like Killing field at Hawking temperature T H = κ (2 π) − 1 , where κ is the surface gravity of the horizon. We show that the HHI state is a Hadamard state and is the unique Hadamard state which is equal to the double T H − 1 -KMS state in the double wedge ℳ − ∪ ℳ + . We construct the HHI state by Wick rotation in Killing time coordinates, using the notion of the Calderón projector for elliptic boundary value problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this outline is to investigate the consequences of viscous dissipative self-gravitational collapse in non-static spherically symmetric geometry by adopting a Misner–Sharp approach in the context of f(R) metric formalism. In this outline, we propose a viable f(R) model for the physical significance of a self-gravitating system. We determine the junction conditions between interior and exterior space–times. Furthermore, we extend our work for the dissipative dark source case in both forms of heat transformation and free radiation streaming. Finally, the dissipative variables such as heat flux, bulk, and shear viscosity are evaluated in the dynamical equation and then coupled with full causal transport equations in the background of the Israel–Stewart notion. The present analysis discusses the whole study of self-gravitational collapse and recognizes the form of a reduced collapse due to decreasing gravitational mass density, which depends on thermodynamical collapsing variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No longer capable of serving as a nodal point of a single coherent narrative or as a marker for parallel events across national borders, "1968" is best understood in a tense relation to "1967". Juxtaposed rather than reconciled, they can only be brought together in a dynamic field of conflicting forces still in play even after a half century has passed. Such an approach alerts us to the relativization of what seems to be a punctual moment in a single historical space–time continuum. To understand the role of the Frankfurt School in the German "1968" is therefore to situate its history in the expanded field that includes the very different events of "1967", which resist incorporation into a unified narrative. It is to register the importance of 1967 in generating its negative relationship to aspects of the German 1968, and in colouring its attitude towards post-colonial struggles and the discourse they have spawned. By expanding the field in this way, we will avoid turning 1968 into an isolated monument on a pedestal that masks its connection to the multiple historical contexts that can set it into motion and help us understand its importance today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When thinking about time and migration, time appears to be the obvious unchangeable independent variable—linear, uniform, and constant—affecting migrants' experiences. However, what if we reimagine time as a dependent variable affected by migration? Time, thus, is not linear but layered, malleable, and potentially even liquid. Migrants weave time with space, generating past, present, and future, forming multiple simultaneous "heres," "theres," and "in-betweens." A subset of migrants, temporary labor migrants, provides an interesting opportunity to consider how migration affects time (including the perception of time). States permit temporary labor migrants to immigrate only because they consent to emigrate after a predetermined, contracted period. In this paper, we consider what it means to enter into such "migration time" arrangements that warp, transform, and curtail time for migrants, their children, employers, community members, left-behind families, and the state. Migrants' children who typically exist outside state-brokered labor migration deals develop alternate timescapes from their migrant parents. Based on the analysis of interview data and complementary follow-up conversations with 43 temporary labor migrants in Israel from 11 different countries, we examine how the migration process creates nonlinear time and how migrants discover, lament, manage, enjoy, and struggle with multiple timescapes. Building on the work of Saulo Cwerner, we replicate his model on time and migration to show general patterns for immigrants and modes particular to temporary labor migrants including time ruptures, freedom time (short-term opportunities), and ambiguous time (fuzzy continuities). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to construct a gravastar model using thin-shell formalism and discuss its realistically accepted properties with the background of cylindrical metric. In this scenario, we matched the interior cylindrical geometry with exterior metric via Israel matching conditions. The stability of the constructed model under the influence of electric charge is then examined using linear perturbations around the equilibrium condition. We explored some stable regimes near the equilibrium condition with different values of charge as well as involved parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary populist movements have inspired political pundits in various contexts to opine on the resurgence of victimhood culture, in which groups demonstrate heightened sensitivity to slights and attempt to evoke sympathy from third parties to their conflicts. Although reference to victimhood's politics oftentimes surfaces examples of egregious microaggressions, when victimhood claims are scaled up to the realm of nationalisms, oftentimes so too are their consequences. Current literature on victimhood in international politics, though, lacks a unifying theorisation suitable for the comparative analysis of victimhood nationalisms as important identities in the international arena. This gap prevents scholarship from investigating how the severity of perceived or real suffering relates to the formation of victimhood, as well as how victimhood nationalisms legitimize the projection of grievances onto third parties, potentially sowing new conflicts. This article theorises victimhood nationalism as a powerful identity narrative with two key constitutive elements. First, drawing on the narrative identity approach, it outlines how victimhood nationalisms are constructed via narrations of perceived or real collective trauma. Second, it argues that victimhood nationalist narratives, unlike other narratives of collective trauma, break down the idealized victim–perpetrator relationship and project grievances onto otherwise uninvolved international actors, including other nation-states. The article concludes by offering comparative case studies of Slobodan Milošević's and David Ben-Gurion's respective invocations of victimhood nationalism to illustrate the empirical applicability of this theorization, as well as victimhood nationalism's importance in international politics across time and space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Palestinian organizations started to fire rockets on Israel in 2001 and have continued to do so ever since. • I explore how these attacks affected voting patterns in national Israeli elections. • To measure variation in the intensity of the rocket threat over time and across space, I use detailed data on claims for rocket-related property damages. • I find that rocket attacks from Gaza increase support for the right political bloc in Israel. • Recent attacks, initial exposure and geographical proximity lead to stronger effects on voting behavior Citizens in many countries are forced to make their political decisions under the threat of terrorism. This paper explores the effects of rocket attacks from the Gaza Strip on voting patterns in Israeli elections between 1999 and 2015. Relying on a micro-level dataset of claims for rocket-related property damages as a proxy for the severity of the rocket attacks, I find that an additional one thousand claims in a locality increases right-bloc parties' vote-share by about 4 percentage points. Recent attacks, initial exposure and geographical proximity lead to stronger effects on voting behavior. The results are driven by actual exposure of the locality to rocket fire rather than by the mere threat of an attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is aimed to set up a thin-shell gravastar model and address its physically accepted features in the background of noncommutative geometry. For this purpose, we have considered the cylindrically symmetric interior metric matched with suitable noncommutative exterior geometry using Israel boundary conditions. The stability of this thin-shell as well as thermodynamical stability is then explored under linear perturbations around the throat. We have found the stable regions near the horizon with some specific values of the involved parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multidisciplinary study was conducted in a newly discovered Paleolithic locality, named 'Evron Landfill. This locality is a part of the Lower Paleolithic complex of 'Evron located at the western Galilee, Israel. Examination of artifacts has enabled the cultural attribution of 'Evron Landfill to the Early Acheulian, while detailed paleomagnetic stratigraphy places the hominin occupations near the Brunhes–Matuyama transition ~0.77 Ma. This age is constrained by cosmogenic isotope burial dating of the sediments overlying the Paleolithic finds, providing a minimum age of ~0.66±0.11 Ma for hominin activity at the site. These results are further supported by the biochronological information derived from the faunal assemblage. Comparative analyses of faunal remains and lithic artifacts from 'Evron Landfill demonstrate similarities to the assemblages from the Early Acheulian site of Evron Quarry, located ~300 m to the south. Pedo-sedimentological analyses indicate that hominin activity took place in a marsh environment in proximity to the Mediterranean coast, which probably fluctuated in both space and time with a fluvial environment. In addition, this study provides important data about ancient coastal activity during the early to middle Pleistocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we generate an exact anisotropic gravastar model using gravitational decoupling technique through minimal geometric deformation in the framework of f (ℜ , T 2) gravity. This novel model explains an ultra-compact stellar configuration whose internal region is smoothly matched to the exterior region. The developed stellar model satisfies some of the essential characteristics of a physically acceptable model such as a positive monotonically decreasing profile of energy density from the center to the boundary and monotonically decreasing behavior of the pressure. The anisotropic factor and Schwarzschild spacetime follows physically acceptable behavior. We find that all the energy bounds are satisfied except strong energy condition inside the ultra-compact stellar structure for the coupling constant of this theory, which is compatible with the regularity condition. • We generate an exact anisotropic gravastar model by gravitational decoupling method. • Developed stellar model satisfies essential features of a physically acceptable model. • All the energy bounds are satisfied except strong energy condition inside the ultra-compact stellar structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article states that, with his narrative, the author of Daniel 6 creates the presence of Elohim outside Jerusalem and Israel, within non-Israelite environments. Applying a body-space frameset to the texts of Daniel 6 helps to read the text as a construction of concepts. With his narrative the author creates the presence of Elohim outside Jerusalem and Israel, within non-Israelite environments. Furthermore, a spatial frameset shows that the story of Daniel 6 can be read as a conclusion to a larger narrative that stretches from Daniel 1-6. In this narrative the author utilises spatial concepts such as the character of Daniel; the lion's den; Jerusalem and King Darius, to establish the omnipresence of the God of Israel. In constructing this presence-of-God reality the author conveys a message of hope and trust in the authority of the God of Israel. In this regard Daniel 6 is not just a story about the character Daniel being persecuted for his faith; rather it is a story about the God of Israel establishing his presence and his ability to act through and within space and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a linear scalar quantum field propagating in a spacetime of dimension d ≥ 2 with a static bifurcate Killing horizon and a wedge reflection. Under suitable conditions (e.g. positive mass), we prove the existence of a pure Hadamard state which is quasi-free, invariant under the Killing flow and restricts to a double β-KMS state on the union of the exterior wedge regions, where β is the inverse Hawking temperature. The existence of such a state was first conjectured by Hartle and Hawking (Phys Rev D 13:2188-2203, ) and by Israel (Phys Lett 57:107-110, ), in the more general case of a stationary black hole spacetime. Jacobson (Phys Rev D 50:R6031-R6032, ) has conjectured a similar state to exist even for interacting fields in spacetimes with a static bifurcate Killing horizon. The state can serve as a ground state on the entire spacetime and the resulting situation generalises that of the Unruh effect in Minkowski spacetime. Our result complements a well-known uniqueness result of Kay and Wald (Phys Rep 207:49-136, ) and Kay (J Math Phys 34:4519-4539, ), who considered a general bifurcate Killing horizon and proved that a certain (large) subalgebra of the free field admits at most one Hadamard state which is invariant under the Killing flow. This state is pure and quasi-free and in the presence of a wedge reflection it restricts to a β-KMS state on the smaller subalgebra associated to one of the exterior wedge regions. Our result establishes the existence of such a state on the full algebra, but only in the static case. Our proof follows the arguments of Sewell (Ann Phys 141: 201-224, ) and Jacobson (Phys Rev D 50:R6031-R6032, ), who exploited a Wick rotation in the Killing time coordinate to construct a corresponding Euclidean theory. In particular, we show that for the linear scalar field we can recover a Lorentzian theory by Wick rotating back. Because the Killing time coordinate is ill-defined on the bifurcation surface, we systematically replace it by a Gaussian normal coordinate. A crucial part of our proof is to establish that the Euclidean ground state satisfies the necessary analogues of analyticity and reflection positivity with respect to this coordinate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes checkpoints in the Palestinian Territories and how they function as both a unique anthropological space and a nondescript nonplace. First, the author describes the birth of modern-day checkpoints, their formations, variations, and functions. Then, based on ethnographic research at the Qalandia checkpoint, halfway between Ramallah and Jerusalem, the author shows how the checkpoint is an economic and social hub and argues that it is an “anthropological space.” Qalandia and checkpoints generally can also be theorized as “nonplaces,” akin to airports, that are interstitial zones that sever Palestinian space-time. Finally, the author suggests that checkpoints play a central and symbolic role in Palestinian society that bespeaks the core predicament of Palestinian existence within a paradoxical and disordered relationship to geography over which Israel continuously attempts to exert control. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Working across boundaries of power, identity, and political geography is fraught with difficulties and contradictions. In Tali Tal and Iris Alkaher’s, “ Collaborative environmental projects in a multicultural society: Working from within separate or mutual landscapes?” the authors describe their efforts to do this in the highly charged atmosphere of Israel. This forum article offers a response to their efforts. Writing from a framework of critical pedagogy, I use the concepts of space and time to anchor my analysis, as I examine the issue of power in this Jew/Arab collaborative environmental project. This response problematizes “sharing” in a landscape fraught with disparities. It also looks to further Tal and Alkaher’s work by geographically and politically grounding it in the broader current conflict and by juxtaposing sustainability with equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]