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Population in South Asia is increasing ever than a faster rate, subsequently; food security, climate change, and capital intensive agro farming techniques are the prevailing challenges in this region. This is a tri-country penal analysis, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, and the study covers the data throughout (1973–2020). This study has used modern farm input data besides demographic variables in the study. In this study, we use panel data set, ARDL (PMG) approach, autoregressive distributed lag model pooled mean group, which is an extensively dynamic modeling technique for heterogeneous data. The results of the study explore that transition in the demographic pattern in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh is the real cause of low crop productivity and land intensification. Technology innovation is the only ray of hope to fulfill the food demand of the future ahead and climate agriculture practices can hamper the further deterioration of the small farmlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the development of India since its independence in 1947. Despite challenges such as a large population and a hierarchical caste system, India has emerged as an emerging country. It has experienced strong economic growth and is predicted to become a future major power. In terms of foreign policy, India has had historical border conflicts with Pakistan and China, as well as the aspiration to be a regional power in the Indian Ocean. India has formed various international alliances and faces challenges such as population growth, inequality, poverty, and climate change. [Extracted from the article]

This study investigates the causal relationship between financial innovation and economic growth in China, India, and Pakistan over the period of 1970–2016. Using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing and Granger causality‐based Error Correction Model (ECM), this study finds that financial innovation generally has a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth in the short‐run and long‐run. These results show that in the long‐run, monetary management and credit flow to the private sector play an essential role in economic growth. The trade openness and gross capital formation contribute considerably to the economic growth in China, India, and Pakistan. For robustness, this study also applies the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) method. The findings of this study suggest that the financial sector plays an essential role in supporting innovation activity in Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a country-specific analysis for three developing countries (Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh) to determine the interaction effect of institutional quality and economic growth along with other control variables (foreign direct investment and renewable energy) on CO2 emissions. This research uses an auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model for quarterly data ranging from 1996Q1 to 2016Q4. The findings show that the interaction cause of economic growth and institutional quality on CO2 emissions is not homogeneous in developing countries. In India and Bangladesh, the modifying role of institutional quality is evident to reducing CO2 emissions but in Pakistan, this interacting effect increases CO2 emissions. The findings confirm an inverted U-shaped EKC in Pakistan and Bangladesh but not significant in India. The independent role of GDP and institutional quality significantly reduces CO2 emissions in Pakistan and Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the asymmetric effects of militarization on economic growth and environmental degradation, this empirical research analyzes annual data of Pakistan and India over the period 1985–2018 using the NARDL econometric model. The empirical results show significant positive militarization effects on economic growth, while non-militarization also shows positive effects on the economic growth in Pakistan and India. Estimation showed that a 1% increase in militarization (non-militarization) led to 8.818% (3.849%) increase in GDP growth, whereas a 1% increase in militarization (non-militarization) decreased carbon emissions by − 1.034% (− 0.225%) in the long run in Pakistan, while militarization has also decreased the carbon emissions − 0.337% in India in the long run. The relationship between militarization and economic growth has an asymmetry in Pakistan and India in the short and long run, while asymmetry also exists between militarization and CO2 in Pakistan and India in the short and long run. Our findings offer significant policy implications for promoting economic growth and environmental quality in Pakistan and India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I explore how modern Muslims' educational outlook has been affected by colonial disruptions of the past and coloniality of the present. Focusing on the case of colonial India and modern-day Pakistan, I explore how the colonial intrusion in India dichotomized local Muslim education into two separate, divergent domains: religious and secular, a division that remains intact to date. When a contemporary Pakistani Muslim contemplates the purpose of education, he/she confronts two dominant discourses: 1) secular education discourses that advocate economic growth and catching up with the West as the ultimate purpose of education, and 2) dominant religious discourses that advocate salvation in the hereafter as the ultimate goal of education. Through semi-structured interviews of university students in Pakistan, I explored how students make sense of these divergent discourses. I found that students (with a mainstream secular educational background) tend to make a distinction between the purpose of life (which they associate with religion) and the purpose of education (which they associate with worldly pursuits). I argue that this outlook of a difference between the purpose of life and that of education undermines the cultivation of the self that can make a meaningful contribution to knowledge and society. Furthermore, I explore contemporary ideas and practices of knowledge contribution and question the rampant epistemic hegemony of the West in the academic publication enterprise. I point out that the prevailing coloniality of knowledge amplifies the disorientation of Muslims' educational outlook and hence injury to the modern Muslim self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kartarpur Corridor: is a Confidence Building Measure and an important step between two hostile neighbors (India and Pakistan). The corridor of Kartarpur links India's Baba Nanak Dera in Gurdaspur to Pakistan's Baba Sahib gurudwara. Both places are of immense importance to Sikhs, religiously. This Corridor can play harmonizing role in Indo-Pak rivalry in various ways. An Indian Sikh politician, Navjot Singh Sidhu said on Kartarpur Corridor inaugural ceremony that this corridor will increase people to people contact which will lead to normalize the relations between Pakistan and India. The aim of this study is to find out the economic, diplomatic and religious importance of Kartarpur corridor and its role in normalizing the relations between Pakistan and India. Descriptive and analytical method is used for interpretation of secondary data. The two states did not have good relations, a number of issues and challenges are involved in building this corridor but still it is expected that this corridor will play vital role in imparting peace between India and Pakistan. Religious affection of Sikh community from both states cannot be denied and henceforth some of the prominent Sikh leaders from both states stand for establishing of Kartarpur corridor. Economically Kartarpur corridor is important too, rise in people to people interaction will improve tourism in the area which will lead to economic growth of Pakistan. About $300 million per year economic gains are estimated that this corridor may produce. Not only the visa but other facilities like hoteling, food and infrastructure will make economic advantage. Even Imran Khan (Pakistan's Prime Minister) said that this corridor will be a first step towards better economic relations between Pakistan and India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We analyze the effects of ICT on economic performance and energy consumption of selected South Asian economies. • In the long-run, ICT significantly and positively contributed to the economic growth of India only. • India is the only country in South Asia that has achieved energy efficiency as a result of increased use of ICT. • GDP per capita has a positive and significant impact on energy consumption in both Pakistan and India. • South Asian economies try to follow their regional partner, India. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing the effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on economic performance and energy consumption of selected South Asian economies i.e. Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka for the period of 1990–2018. For empirical analysis, we employed the bounds testing approach of cointegration and error correction modelling. The findings of the study confirm that, in the long-run, ICT significantly and positively contributed to the economic growth of India only. Similarly, India is the only country in South Asia that has achieved energy efficiency as a result of increased use of ICT. However, energy consumption proved to be an important determinant of GDP per capita in India and Pakistan. Also, GDP per capita has a positive and significant impact on energy consumption in both India and Pakistan. These results imply that South Asian economies try to follow their regional partner, India, in increasing the role of ICT in their economies, which on one side will boost their economic growth and on the other side will help them in achieving energy efficiency. Moreover, the energy conservation policy could prove detrimental to South Asian economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]