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This article reports the occurrence of B. penaei in an additional host species, Penaeus marginatus Randall, and geographical area, Hawaii. Penaeus marginatus or Opai Lolo is the only member of the genus Penaeus indigenous to the Hawaiian Islands. Additional juvenile (01 to 4-0 g) P. marginatus were collected from the Kuliouou tidal flats from January to March 1984. These shrimp were held in aquaria for 7-10 days prior to examination. Shrimp were sacrificed by injection and immersion in Davidson's fixative, and after 24 h transferred to 50% ethanol for storage. Preserved hepatopancreata were processed for routine histopathology and stained with haematoxylin and eosin.

Background: Japanese (both in Japan and Hawaii) have a lower incidence of falls and of hip fracture than North American and European Caucasians, but the reasons for these differences are not clear.Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study. We compared neuromuscular risk factors for falls using performance-based measures (chair stand time, usual and rapid walking speed, and grip strength) among 163 Japanese women in Japan, 681 Japanese-American women in Hawaii and 9403 Caucasian women in the United States aged 65 years and over.Results: After adjusting for age, the Caucasian women required about 40% more time to complete 5 chair stands than either group of Japanese. Walking speed was about 10% slower among Caucasians than native Japanese, whereas Japanese-American women in Hawaii walked about 11% faster than native Japanese. Grip strength was greatest in Japan, which may reflect the rural farming district that this sample was drawn from. Additional adjustment for height, weight or body mass index increased the adjusted means of chair stand time and grip strength among Japanese, but the differences remained significant.Conclusions: Both native Japanese and Japanese-American women in Hawaii performed better than Caucasians on chair stand time and walking speed tests, and native Japanese had greater grip strength than Japanese in Hawaii and Caucasians. The biological implications of these differences in performance are uncertain, but may be useful in planning future comparisons between populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]