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Carbon mitigation and net-zero targets have an important place on the political agenda for all countries. Countries have been seeking to decouple economic growth and carbon emissions to achieve decarbonization. However, there is a cost of the decarbonization of economies, which can be called as Green Sacrifice Ratio (GSR), and this is critical for developing countries because they have been in the growing stage. By considering the critical role of GSR in achieving net-zero emissions by decarbonizing economies, the study comparatively examines how much environmental quality should be sacrificed for per capita economic growth in China and India. In line with this purpose, the study uses the Fourier-Shin cointegration test and various time series estimators with Fourier approximations for the period from 1989/Q1 to 2022/Q4. Estimation results are as follows: (i) all variables follow the non-stationary process, (ii) the long-run relationship exists between variables, and (iii) Estimation results show that GSR is 0.65% for China and 0.78% for India. Therefore, China and India sacrifice a significant amount of environmental quality for a 1% increase in per capita income level. Also, the ecological cost of increasing economic welfare in India is higher with regard to China. Besides, the results are robust according to the alternative method. Thus, the study recommends that both Chinese and Indian policymakers should revise the economic expansion structure with green growth strategies to prevent irreversible environmental degradation due to higher economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green growth plays a vital role in ensuring sustainable development. Managing economic growth without disrupting the environment is considered the need of the present time. Therefore, the empirics have turned their attention toward finding the determinants of green growth. Hence, we aim to investigate the impact of income inequality on green growth in BRICS economies from 1993 to 2020. Findings of the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model confirm that the long-run estimate attached to GINI is negatively significant, implying that higher inequality in the BRICS economies lowers the rate of green growth. The country-wise results highlighted the negative impact of GINI on green growth in India and China only and insignificant in other countries. In the short run, the estimates are inconclusive and mixed, be it group-wise or individual estimates. Our findings imply that the target of lower inequality and environmental sustainability can be achieved simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative exploratory study based on therapy observations and interviews with psychological experts and family therapists in Beijing, China, and Delhi, India, compares and contrasts families' psychotherapeutic experiences in India and China. Analysis suggests that the economic growth enjoyed by middle- and upper-class, urban families has also brought with it substantial anxiety and guilt. Therapists in India and China report some similar family dynamics, such as a belief in and striving for a special mother–son bond, alongside differences, such as the greater participation of men in therapy in India. This article argues this striking difference in the gender composition of clients in India compared to China is best understood in relation to the greater political and social context of each country. Elite families in India and China are differently positioned in ways that significantly impact their respective concerns about their children and their family's future class reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India and China are the biggest developing economies in the world apart from being the most populous nations. The population of China is expected to increase over 1.4 billion by 2050, and India may over take China and become the most populous nation at around 1.6 billion populace. These two nations are home to about 40 % of the total population in the world. Apart from this, India and China have attained remarkable success in the economic growth denoted by higher gross domestic product (GDP). The two nations together contribute about one-fifth of the world GDP. This paper discusses about the changes in the energy consumption pattern of developing countries like China and India aiming towards the sustainable development. Furthermore, this paper also analyses the most important drivers adding to the ecological problems, and gives a further glance at the ecological impacts of these in India and China. Over the last 50-60 years we have been emitting carbon dioxide at an accelerated pace. This has had an effect on the carbon dioxide concentration and other GHG gas concentrations, in the atmosphere. The paper also discusses about the effect of pollutants like NOx, SOx, Particulate matter and Mercury on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecologically unequal exchange theory posits asymmetric net flows of biophysical resources from poorer to richer countries. To date, empirical evidence to support this theoretical notion as a systemic aspect of the global economy is largely lacking. Through environmentally-extended multi-regional input-output modelling, we provide empirical evidence for ecologically unequal exchange as a persistent feature of the global economy from 1990 to 2015. We identify the regions of origin and final consumption for four resource groups: materials, energy, land, and labor. By comparing the monetary exchange value of resources embodied in trade, we find significant international disparities in how resource provision is compensated. Value added per ton of raw material embodied in exports is 11 times higher in high-income countries than in those with the lowest income, and 28 times higher per unit of embodied labor. With the exception of embodied land for China and India, all other world regions serve as net exporters of all types of embodied resources to high-income countries across the 1990–2015 time period. On aggregate, ecologically unequal exchange allows high-income countries to simultaneously appropriate resources and to generate a monetary surplus through international trade. This has far-reaching implications for global sustainability and for the economic growth prospects of nations. • We provide empirical evidence that supports the theory of ecologically unequal exchange. • High-income nations are net importers of embodied materials, energy, land, and labor. • High-income nations gain a monetary trade surplus via this resource appropriation. • Lower-income nations provide resources but experience monetary trade deficits. • The observed inequality is systemic and hampers global sustainability in multiple ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Added global carbon emissions have mainly come from China and India since 2012, which indicates importance of two countries in curbing global CO 2 emissions. Thus, their respective mitigation lessons have more realistic significance in developing more effective mitigation strategy. This study compared the dynamic evolution of their CO 2 emissions and driving factors behind changes, in order to find similarities and differences of two countries, and provide available policy implications to further reduce carbon emissions. Firstly, both China's and India's carbon emissions have been increasing during 2000-14: 3.4–9.9 Gt and 0.9–2.0 Gt, respectively. However, tendency of two countries varied differently: growth of China 's CO 2 have slowed down after the 2008 financial crisis, while India 's emissions were still accelerating at a high level on account of growing share of carbon-intensive energy in the whole energy structure. From the national and sectoral perspectives, both trends of carbon emissions from two countries have been analyzed. According to structural decomposition analysis, efficiency gains and slowdown of economic growth in China contributed to most decline of CO 2 but both production and consumption structures urged emissions up, while structure effects in India slightly reduced its CO 2 but low emission efficiency and expansion of trade scales caused growth of emissions. On this basis, firstly, China should optimize production structures by upgrading industries, while India should promote energy transformation and improve energy efficiencies. Secondly, strengthening cooperation and communications with developed countries with advanced technology and experience may make more progress in climate change for two countries. Experience and lessons of emission reduction deriving from the two would also provide references for other regions. Image 1 • Investigating CO 2 emissions of China and India for 2000–2014. • Explore main sources and sectors that dominated CO 2 emissions. • Improving efficiency and optimizing energy structure offset China's emission growth. • Optimizing its consumption structure offset India's emission growth. • Optimizing their consumption structure should be considered in China and India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A boom in renewable energy consumption as a percentage of final energy consumption (REC) has a significant impact on cleaner production and environmental sustainability. However, studies on REC as for an individual country-case and panel case approach for top emitters are rare. Against this backdrop, this study investigates the long-run drivers of REC by using a time series data from 1990 to 2015. The FMOLS-grouped results indicate that economic growth and trade openness increase REC whereas population growth has a negative but significant impact on REC. To check for causal links, the innovating accounting approach using variance decomposition analysis is applied. The results show that there is a unidirectional causality running from economic growth, trade openness, and population growth to REC. Further, the predictive accuracy of the FMOLS based econometric output and the bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) is analyzed. The Bi-LSTM formulated algorithm outperformed the econometric output. The Bi-LSTM is utilized to forecast REC to the year 2030. The output from the Bi-LSTM shows that China, the US, India, the Russian Federation's, and Japan's REC will hit ∼11.3395, ∼11.1245, ∼34.6969, ∼2.9097, and ∼7.4859, respectively. The US and Japan's REC levels will increase while that of China, India, and Russia Federation will decrease. As a policy implication, new policy directives for China, India, and the Russian Federation are required to boost REC levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]