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Purpose: To investigate the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy and to report the clinical features, management, and outcomes of ophthalmic irAEs. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who received ICI therapy from January 2016 to September 2022 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital and analyzed the incidence of systemic and ophthalmic adverse effects of this therapy. Results: Of 962 patients, 248 (25.8%) experienced irAEs. The first-year incidences of total irAEs and ophthalmic irAEs were 23.5% and 1.1%. The most common ICI received by the patients was pembrolizumab (373; 38.8%). Nearly half of the patients (477; 49.6%) had lung cancer. Combination therapy was associated with an increased incidence of irAEs without statistical significance. Patients with lung cancer presented with an increased incidence of total irAEs (p = 0.003) and ophthalmic irAEs (p = 0.032). Eleven patients had ophthalmic manifestations, including ophthalmoplegia (6/11), conjunctivitis (3/11), reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (RCCEP) (1/11), and orbital inflammation (1/11). Eight patients had concomitant extra-ophthalmic irAEs. Furthermore, ICIs were discontinued in nine patients, and most ophthalmic manifestations were well controlled with topical and systemic steroids. Ten patients were treated with intravenous or oral steroids. However, cancer progression occurred in five out of eleven patients after the interruption of ICIs. Conclusion: IrAEs are correlated with ICI regimens and underlying neoplasia. In our Chinese cohort, patients have a higher risk of ophthalmoplegia than uveitis. Early recognition and multidisciplinary consultation are crucial for optimal treatment of ophthalmic irAEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: The MBOAT7 rs641738 (C>T) variant has demonstrated an association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in both adult and pediatric patients, while few studies have been conducted in elderly populations. Hence, a case-control study was undertaken to assess their correlation in elderly residents in a Beijing community. Materials and methods: A total of 1,287 participants were included. Medical history, abdominal ultrasound, and laboratory tests were recorded. Liver fat content and fibrosis stage were detected by Fibroscan. Genotyping of genomic DNA was performed using the 96.96 genotyping integrated fluidics circuit. Results: Of the recruited subjects, 638 subjects (56.60%) had NAFLD, and 398 subjects (35.28%) had atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). T allele carriage was associated with higher ALT (p=0.005) and significant fibrosis in male NAFLD patients (p=0.005) compared to CC genotype. TT genotype was associated with reduced risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.589, 95%CI: 0.114-0.683, p=0.005) and type 2 diabetes (OR=0.804, 95%CI: 0.277-0.296, p=0.048) in NAFLD population when compared to the CC genotype. In addition, TT genotype was also associated with reduced risk of ASCVD (OR=0.570, 95% CI:0.340-0.953, p=0.032) and less obesity (OR=0.545, 95%CI: 0.346-0.856, p=0.008) in the whole population. Conclusion: MBOAT7 rs641738 (C>T) variant was associated with fibrosis in male NAFLD patients. The variant also reduced risk of metabolic traits and type 2 diabetes in NAFLD and ASCVD risk in Chinese elders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global Flow-following finite-volume Icosahedral Model (FIM), which was developed in the Global Systems Laboratory of NOAA/ESRL, has been coupled inline with aerosol and gas-phase chemistry schemes of different complexity using the chemistry and aerosol packages from WRF-Chem v3.7, named as FIM-Chem v1. The three chemistry schemes include 1) the simple aerosol modules from the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport model that includes only simplified sulfur chemistry, bulk aerosols, and sectional dust and sea salt modules (GOCART); 2) the photochemical gas-phase mechanism RACM coupled to GOCART to determine the impact of more realistic gas-phase chemistry on the GOCART aerosols simulations (RACM_GOCART); and 3) a further sophistication within the aerosol modules by replacing GOCART with a modal aerosol scheme that includes secondary organic aerosols (SOA) based on the VBS approach (RACM_SOA_VBS). FIM-Chem is able to simulate aerosol, gas-phase chemical species and SOA at various spatial resolutions with different levels of complexity and quantify the impact of aerosol on numerical weather predictions (NWP). We compare the results of RACM_GOCART and GOCART schemes which uses the default climatological model fields for OH, H2O2, and NO3. We find significant reductions of sulfate that are on the order of 40 % to 80 % over the eastern US and are up to 40 % near the Beijing region over China when using the RACM_GOCART scheme. We also evaluate the model performance by comparing with the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom-1) aircraft measurements in 2016 summer. FIM-Chem shows good performance in capturing the aerosol and gas-phase tracers. The model predicted vertical profiles of biomass burning plumes and dust plumes off the western Africa are also reproduced reasonably well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban bio-retention system is meaningful in reducing rainfall runoff and enhancing infiltration capacity. But the moisture migration in bio-retention systems are not clear under climate change. The spatial and temporal distribution of moisture under different rainfall events in bio-retention systems are studied in this paper based on experimental data in Beijing. Richards model is introduced to simulate the spatial and temporal distribution of moisture including pressure head, hydraulic head and water content under different initial and boundary conditions. As a result, we found that from the depth of the node to the lower boundary, the values of pressure head and hydraulic head increase with depth and decrease with time, while the values of water content represent opposite trends relative to the distribution of pressure head and hydraulic head in bio-retention systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify risk factors associated with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 among students in Beijing, China, we conducted a case-control study. Participants (304 case-patients and 608 controls, age range 6-19 years) were interviewed by using a standardized questionnaire. We found that in addition to vaccination, nonpharmaceutical interventions appeared to be protective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To measure the size of the neuroretinal rim, the major variable in the quantitative analysis of the optic nerve head, and its correlations in adult Chinese in a population based setting. Methods: The Beijing eye study-a population based, cross sectional cohort study-included 4439 subjects from among 5324 of age of 40+years invited to participate (response rate 83.4%). This study included a random sample of 781 subjects with normal intraocular pressure (lOP), normal visual fields, and a normal optic nerve head; and a random sample of 84 subjects with an IOP >21 mm Hg. Colour optic disc photographs (300) were examined morphometrically. Results: In the normal group, the mean (SD) neuroretinal rim area was 1.70 (0.30) mm2. It was significantly correlated with optic disc area (rim area =0.43∗disc area+0.67; p<0.001). It was not significantly associated with age, sex, or a known diagnoses of diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension or hypotension, hyperlipidaemia, coronary heart disease, or cerebral haemorrhage. Conclusions: In adult Chinese, the neuroretinal rim area measures, 1.70 (0.30) mm2 on optic disc photographs. It is statistically independent of age. Compared with data from studies in Western countries, the neuroretinal rim is larger in adult Chinese than in adult white populations, corresponding to a larger optic disc size in the Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continued spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of H5 and H7 subtypes and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses of H5, H7 and H9 subtypes in birds and the subsequent infections in humans pose an ongoing pandemic threat. It has been proposed that poultry workers are at higher risk of exposure to HPAI or LPAI viruses and subsequently infection due to their repeated exposure to chickens or domestic waterfowl. The aim of this study was to examine the seroprevalence of antibodies against H5, H7 and H9 viruses amongst duck-related workers in Beijing, China and the risk factors associated with seropositivity. In March, 2011, 1741 participants were recruited from (1) commercial duckbreeding farms; (2) private duck-breeding farms; and (3) duck-slaughtering farms. Local villagers who bred ducks in their backyards were also recruited. A survey was administered by face-to-face interview, and blood samples were collected from subjects for antibody testing against H5, H7 and H9 viruses. We found that none of the subjects were seropositive for either H5 or H7 viruses, and only 0.7% (12/1741) had antibody against H9. A statistically significant difference in H9 antibody seroprevalence existed between the various categories of workers (P = 0.005), with the highest figures recorded amongst the villagers (1.7%). Independent risk factors associated with seropositivity toinfection with H9 virus included less frequent disinfection of worksite (OR, 5.13 [95% CI, 1.07-24.58]; P = 0.041; ≤ twice monthly versus>twice monthly) and handling ducks with wounds on hands (OR, 4.13 [95% CI, 1.26-13.57]; P = 0.019). Whilst the risk of infection with H5, H7 and H9 viruses appears to be low among duck-related workers in Beijing, China, ongoing monitoring of infection with the H9 virus is still warranted, especially amongst villagers who breed backyard ducks to monitor for any changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on employees position restructuring at Peking University Library in China. Reduction of unwanted positions; Enhancement of the responsibilities of selected positions; Improvement in library services and staff morale; User expectations.

Urban energy issues have attracted global attentions due to the key role in controlling climate change. As one of the world's largest metropolises, Beijing has been focusing on improving urban energy performances to achieve green transition and sustainable development during the past decades, for which purpose the measurement and decomposition of energy performance is of vital importance. In this paper, exergy is introduced as one of the indicators under the frame of index decomposition analysis. An hierarchical framework is constructed to reveal the contributions from different level of urban energy system to overall energy performance. Beijing's energy and exergy consumption and intensity are then analyzed and compared from the city and sector level during 2008–2017. Results suggest that Beijing's city and sector-level energy performance has been improving during the last 10 years and technical improvements contribute significantly from both energy and exergy perspectives. Meanwhile, changes from Beijing's industrial structure and energy supply structure display neutral contributions, which probably indicate the underestimation of structural contribution is caused under the IDA framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of epidemic characteristics of influenza activity pre– and post–coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Beijing, China. Methods Epidemiologic data were collected from the influenza surveillance system in Beijing. We compared epidemic intensity, epidemic onset and duration, and influenza transmissibility during the 2022–2023 season with pre-COVID-19 seasons from 2014 to 2020. Results The overall incidence rate of influenza in the 2022–2023 season was significantly higher than that of the pre-COVID-19 period, with the record-high level of epidemic intensity in Beijing. The onset and duration of the influenza epidemic period in 2022–2023 season was notably later and shorter than that of the 2014–2020 seasons. Maximum daily instantaneous reproduction number (Rt) of the 2022–2023 season (Rt = 2.31) was much higher than that of the pre-COVID-19 period (Rt = 1.49). The incidence of influenza A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) were the highest among children aged 0–4 years and 5–14 years, respectively, in the 2022–2023 season. Conclusions A late, intense, and short-term peak influenza activity was observed in the 2022–2023 season in Beijing. Children <15 years old were impacted the most by the interruption of influenza circulation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Maintaining continuous surveillance and developing targeted public health strategies of influenza is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the correlation between coping style, quality of life, and illness uncertainty in the family caregivers of patients with liver cancer. Methods: Employing convenience sampling, 210 family caregivers of patients with liver cancer who met the admission criteria were selected from a grade A infectious disease hospital in Beijing between January and December 2022. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Caregiver Quality of Life, and the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale for Family Members. This study analysed the correlations between coping styles, quality of life, and illness uncertainty in these caregivers. Results: The study found that family caregivers of patients with liver cancer had average scores for illness uncertainty (83.44 ± 11.86), coping style (33.19 ± 9.79; both positive [23.02 ± 6.81] and negative [10.17 ± 5.05]), and quality of life (169.53 ± 32.46). A negative association was observed between illness uncertainty in these caregivers and positive coping style (r = − 0.207, p = 0.003), physical status (r = − 0.182, p = 0.008), psychological status (r = − 0.200, p = 0.004), and social adaptation (r = − 0.229, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The study concludes that illness uncertainty in family caregivers of patients with liver cancer is at a moderate level. Furthermore, there is a notable correlation between illness uncertainty, coping style, and quality of life in these caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To develop and internally validate a novel predictive model for SDHB mutations in pheochromocytomas and retroperitoneal paragangliomas (PPGLs). Methods: Clinical data of patients with PPGLs who presented to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2013 to 2022 and underwent genetic testing were retrospectively collected. Variables were screened by backward stepwise and clinical significance and were used to construct multivariable logistic models in 50 newly generated datasets after the multiple imputation. Bootstrapping was used for internal validation. A corresponding nomogram was generated based on the model. Sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results: A total of 556 patients with PPGLs were included, of which 99 had a germline SDHB mutation. The prediction model revealed that younger age of onset [Odds ratio (OR): 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91-0.95], synchronous metastasis (OR: 6.43, 95% CI: 2.62-15.80), multiple lesion (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09-0.54), retroperitoneal origin (OR: 5.72, 95% CI: 3.13-10.47), negative 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15-0.73), positive octreotide scintigraphy (OR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.25-8.43), elevated 24h urinary dopamine (DA) (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 0.93-3.17), NE secretory type (OR: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.22- 6.59), normal secretory function (OR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.04-8.85) and larger tumor size (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.99-1.20) were predictors of SDHB mutations in PPGLs, and showed good and stable predictive performance with a mean area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.865 and coefficient of variation of 2.2%. Conclusions: This study provided a novel and useful tool for predicting SDHB mutations by integrating easily obtained clinical data. It may help clinicians select suitable genetic testing methods and make appropriate clinical decisions for these high-risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In disaster rescue, multiple resource allocation strategies before and after disasters are a key research issue. Response planning for sudden-onset disasters must take into account the inherent uncertainties associated with the catastrophe and potential ensuing disasters. This article investigates the problem of resource allocation optimization in the context of natural disasters accompanied by the occurrence of multiple secondary hazards. A two-stage stochastic optimization model is proposed to simulate the scenario of random occurrence and severity of multiple natural hazards to optimize the resource allocation of rescue teams, warehousing items and medical resources when multiple natural hazards occur in combination. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is designed and compared with a commercial solver (CPLEX) and lower bound at various scales. The results show that PSO performs optimally for large-scale cases. A case study, undertaken in Beijing, demonstrates that this method can improve the estimated casualty rescue success rate to 90.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Relapsing polychondritis (RP) with cardiac involvement may present with acute cardiovascular events, and may be associated with a negative prognosis. Herein, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of RP patients with cardiac involvement. Method: RP patients, hospitalized from December 2005 to December 2021 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), were screened. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to statistically analyze the clinical characteristics of these patients. Results: The incidence of cardiac involvement in inpatients with RP was 24.1%. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed age, central nervous system (CNS) involvement, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) > 6.41, and disease duration > 4 years as risk factors for cardiac involvement in RP. Conversely, the incidence of tracheobronchial and chest wall involvement was significantly lower in the group with cardiac involvement. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that age, CNS involvement, NLR > 6.41, and disease duration > 4 years were independent factors for cardiac involvement. Subsequently, we identified five well-defined clinical patterns of RP, based on the involvement of different organs in our patients, and found that the heart-brain model was significantly mutually exclusive with the airway model. Conclusion: Occurrence of cardiac involvement in RP is associated with age, CNS involvement, NLR, and disease duration. It is mutually exclusive with airwayrelated involvement. Regular echocardiography and electrocardiography are necessary for patients with RP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urbanization and global climate change are likely to exacerbate urban flooding intensity, frequency and uncertainty. Thus, it is fundamental and crucial to investigate the dominant influencing factors for the mitigation of urban flooding. However, knowledge about the influence of building patterns on urban flooding remains limited. Taking Beijing, a typical megacity, as a case study area, we quantified the importance of building patterns and their interaction effect at the subwatershed scale using the boosted regression tree and geographical detector model. The results indicated that (1) the landscape shape index, slope, green space ratio and waterbody ratio were the most important influencing factors determining urban flooding, with a total relative contribution of 67.23%; (2) building metrics had a certain impact on urban flooding, and the sum of the relative contribution reached 21.03%; (3) the landscape shape index, slope, and green space ratio exhibited a combination of negative and positive correlations with urban flooding density; and (4) an enhancement effect existed between building metrics, especially the building congestion degree and building density. These findings provide quantitative insights on rational urban morphology planning which could be applied to improve stormwater management and promote urban sustainability in megacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate potential predictors of treatment response in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients with severe immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), with a focus on bone marrow megakaryocyte (MK) count. Methods: This case–control study included patients with pSS and severe ITP who were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital and met the 2002 AECG or 2016 American College of Rheumatology / European League Against Rheumatism criteria for SS. Patients who had overlap other connective tissue diseases and with thrombocytopenia that could be explained by other causes were excluded. Severe ITP was defined as platelet count <20 × 109/L. Response was evaluated at 3 months after treatment. Results: Sixty‐eight eligible patients were included: 34 (50%) achieved complete remission (CR), 18 (26%) partial remission (PR) and 16 (24%) were non‐responders (NRs). Fewer infections were found in the CR group (24%) than in the PR (50%) and NR (56%) groups (P = 0.04). The MK count (CR 32 vs PR 36 vs NR 4 per slide, P < 0.001) in the NR group was significantly lower than in the other groups. MK count >6.5 per slide predicted good treatment response, with 85.7% sensitivity, 88.1% specificity and 0.866 area under the curve. Logistic regression indicated that patients with more MKs were more likely to respond to immunotherapy (crude odds ratio [OR] 1.45, 95% CI 1.2–2.0, adjusted OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.2–2.7). Conclusions: MK count predicted response to immunosuppressive treatment in pSS patients with severe ITP. These patients are recommended to have bone marrow aspiration before treatment initiation. Clinicians should be aware of screening for infections during clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to analyse the impacts of the urban regeneration on small businesses in preparation to host the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games and the reactions of owners of such businesses toward the changes. This research focused on the effects of urban regeneration on small business located in the Olympic Green cluster of Beijing 2022, which has been the one with major changes. Owners of small businesses were interviewed two years before the Games. Whilst owners revealed that they have not taken part in the process of planning the urban regeneration, they have been willing to sacrifice their profits as a sign of patriotism. Meanwhile, they expressed their frustration with their no-right-to-the-city. The study applies the right-to-the-city theoretical framework to sport mega-event-led urban regeneration. The application of the theoretical framework transcends the case of Beijing 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The damage of expansion joints is a common problem of bridges, which adversely affects not only driving comfort and safety but also the durability of the structure. Jointless bridges can fundamentally solve this fragile problem. However, how to accurately assess its environmental and economic benefits has not been studied, specifically as climate change intensifies. To address these issues, this study first examines the effects of climate change on design expansion allowance of bridge expansion joints based on climate projections. Subsequently, the life-cycle environmental and economic benefits of two jointless bridges located in Beijing–Hong Kong–Macau Expressway are quantified under climate change scenarios. Moreover, uncertainty and random forest algorithm-based importance analyses are carried out to help decision-makers identify major environmental and economic factors and develop eco-friendly plans to facilitate jointless bridge construction. Results indicate the following: (1) the design expansion allowance of bridge expansion joints tends to increase with the time-dependent temperature and humidity; (2) the avoidance of traffic detours caused by the maintenance and replacement of expansion joints is a major source of life-cycle environmental and economic benefits; (3) traffic detour distance is the most important factor influencing the life-cycle environmental and economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We conducted this cross-sectional study to explore the mediating and predicting role of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) between psychological measures and quality of life (QOL) among Chinese breast cancer patients. Methods: Breast cancer patients were recruited from three clinics in Beijing. Screening tools included the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the General Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7), the Health Anxiety Scale (Whiteley Index-8, WI-8), the Somatic Symptom Disorder B-Criteria Scale (SSD-12), the Fear of Cancer Recurrence scale (FCR-4), the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ-8), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B). Chi-square tests, nonparametric tests, mediating effect analysis, and linear regression analysis were used for the data analysis. Results: Among the 264 participants, 25.0% were screened positive for SSD. The patients with screened positive SSD had a lower performance status, and a greater number of patients with screened positive SSD received traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) (p<0.05). Strong mediating effects of SSD were found between psychological measures and QOL among patients with breast cancer after adjusting for sociodemographic variables as covariates (p<0.001). The range of the percentage mediating effects was 25.67% (independent variable=PHQ-9) to 34.68% (independent variable=WI-8). Screened positive SSD predicted low QOL in physical (B=-0.476, p<0.001), social (B=-0.163, p<0.001), emotional (B=-0.304, p<0.001), and functional (B=-0.283, p<0.001) well-being, as well as substantial concerns caused by breast cancer (B=-0.354, p<0.001). Conclusion: Screened positive SSD had strong mediating effects between psychological factors and quality of life among breast cancer patients. Additionally, screened positive SSD was a significant predictor of lower QOL among breast cancer patients. Effective psychosocial interventions for improving QOL should consider the prevention and treatment of SSD or integrated SSD caring dimensions for breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was proposed to substitute NAFLD in 2020. This new term highlights the systematic metabolic disturbances that accompany fatty liver. We evaluated the correlations between MAFLD and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (SCA) based on a nationwide health examination population in China. Methods: We performed a nationwide cross-sectional population and a Beijing retrospective cohort from 2009 to 2017. SCA was defined as elevated carotid intima-media thickness. The multivariable logistic and Cox models were used to analyze the association between MAFLD and SCA. Results: 153,482 participants were included in the cross-sectional study. MAFLD was significantly associated with SCA in fully adjusted models, with an odds ratio of 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62-1.70. This association was consistent in the cohort, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.31. The association between baseline MAFLD and incident SCA increased with hepatic steatosis severity. Subgroup analysis showed an interaction between age and MAFLD, with a higher risk in younger groups (HR:1.67, 95% CI: 1.17-2.40). Conclusion: In this large cross-section and cohort study, MAFLD was significantly associated with the presence and development of SCA. Further, the risk was higher among MAFLD individuals with high hepatic steatosis index and young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the transnational cityscapes of Paris and Beijing in the Sino-French urban-set film Love and Bruises directed by Lou Ye, one of the so-called Sixth Generation of Chinese filmmakers. Drawing on the method of textual analysis and Deleuzian theories of affect, it explores how these two global cities are depicted as dystopian and illusive utopian places respectively, how the cityscapes are connoted, and how they are charged with affects. The author argues that Lou's imaginaries of transnational cityscapes insinuate individuals' bruises of displacement and dislocation in an era of active integration into globalisation. Moreover, cityscapes are presented phenomenologically and affectively in the film by screening the protagonists' act of viewing and the camera's lingering on the urban spaces. Finally, the cityscapes of Paris transmit a sense of estrangement or alienation, while Beijing's counterparts provoke postmodern bewilderment and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Identifying the patterns of rainstorms is essential for improving the precision and accuracy of flood forecasts and constructing flood disaster prevention systems. In this study, we used a manifold learning algorithm method of machine learning to analyze rainstorm patterns. We analyzed the spatial–temporal characteristics of heavy rain in Beijing and Shenzhen. The results showed a strong correlation between the spatial–temporal pattern of rainstorms and underlying topography in Beijing. However, in Shenzhen, the spatial–temporal distribution characteristics of rainstorms were more closely related to the source of water vapor causing the rainfall, and the variation in characteristics was more complex and diverse. This method may be used to quantitatively describe the development and dynamic spatial–temporal patterns of rainfall. In this study, we found that spatial–temporal rainfall distribution characteristics, extracted by machine learning technology could be explained by physical mechanisms consistent with the climatic characteristics and topographic conditions of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the temporal trend in anxiety and/or depression prevalence in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in Beijing and their association with adverse outcomes. Materials and methods: Hospital admission records from 2004 to 2020 with a primary discharge diagnosis of AECOPD were retrieved from Beijing Public Health Information Centre database. The anxiety and depression were identified from discharge diagnoses of each record. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the temporal trend and calculate the annual percentage change (APC) for the prevalence of anxiety and/or depression. Generalized linear model was used to analyze the associations between anxiety and/or depression and patients' adverse outcomes. Results: A total of 382,125 records were included, most of which were male (66.0%) and aged ≥ 75 years (59.7%). Three segments in the temporal trend were observed, with a mild increase during 2004-2009 (APC: 5.9%, 95% CI: -14.9 to 31.7%), followed by a sharply increase during 2009-2012 (APC: 60.4%, 95% CI: 10.6 to 132.7%), then stabilized at about 3% during 2012-2020 (APC: 1.9%, 95% CI: -0.4 to 4.3%). On average, anxiety, and/or depression was more prevalent in females, the aged and those admitted in secondary hospitals (all P < 0.001). Patients with anxiety and/or depression had lower in-hospital mortality (IHM) (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63-0.88), but longer hospital stay (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07-1.13), more medical costs (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08-1.17) and higher risks of readmission for AECOPD at 30-, 90-, 180-day, and 1-year (ORs ranged from 1.22 to 1.51). Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety and/or depression in patients hospitalized for AECOPD in Beijing stabilized at approximately 3% after 2012. Anxiety and/or depression is associated with a heavier burden on patients, health care, and medical insurance systems. Appropriate diagnosis and effective treatment of anxiety and depression is crucial for patients with AECOPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, Chinese rural migrants have been understood as engaging in dagong 打工 (working for a boss), or the selling of their waged labor, conditioned by the global production chain, dormitory regimes, and exploitive labor relations within and beyond factories. Meanwhile, chuangdang 闯荡 (venturing) as a life project that either opposes or extends dagong has been neglected in scholarly studies. Venturing refers to a spatiotemporal condition defined by the uniqueness of urban villages where rural migrants participate in the informal economy on the urban fringes and attach themselves to entrepreneurship and mobility. It is also a multifaceted presentism produced out of the following spatiotemporal conditions: (1) the sense of urgency to get ahead in spatial temporality; (2) an optimistic relationship with unpredictability; and (3) the technologies of mobility in the name of freedom. By highlighting the dilemmas that propel and hinder rural migrants, this article argues that the cultural politics of venturing are a condition that renders rural migrants economically aggressive, yet politically passive. Thereby, it not only prolongs rural migrants' mobile lives on the urban fringes, but also dampens political actions that claim space through resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In late 2017, a tragic fire in southern Beijing led to a massive eviction and demolition campaign that drove out tens of thousands of rural migrant workers in bleak winter weather. While the evictions were widely covered by the mass media, few analyses examined the gongyu 公寓 (apartment complex), a low-rent housing complex where the fire broke out. Based on fieldwork in Beijing's northern fringe, this article examines the spatial transformation of residences from cramped one-story farmhouses to gongyu and how it signals the social stratification of migrant tenants. The emergence of the better-equipped gongyu, as an alternative modernity, caters to the influx of young tenants and migrants working in the service sector. Meanwhile, the rise of the gongyu has propelled an increase in the subcontracting of property management. The rationalization and specialization of the fast-growing private rental housing market have further led to estranged living among migrant tenants and landlords, who experience different forms of displacement in urban villages. Gongyu is the outcome of low-end accumulation, which is intended primarily for constructing low-quality, low-cost rental projects for the "low-end population." Despite its prevalence, the urban village gongyu represents an overlooked, unrecognized, and undesirable mode of urbanization, which is the target of the recurring housing crackdown in China's capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The adrenal glands of patients with 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency (17OHD) synthesize excessive 11-deoxycorticosterone(DOC) and progesterone, and produce less amount of sex steroid production. Mineralocorticoids and sex hormones play an important role in regulating glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to describe the glucose metabolism in 17OHD patients diagnosed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). Design/methods: A total of 69 patients diagnosed with 17OHD after adolescence in PUMCH from 1995 to June in 2021. Among them 23 patients underwent a 3-hours oral glucose tolerance test (3hOGTT) after being diagnosed with 17OHD. Insulin response in patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were further compared between the study two groups with different kalemia status. Another 19 patients were followed up to 30 years and older. All clinical data were obtained from the hospital information system of PUMCH. Results: Baseline: (1) The average body mass index(BMI) of all patients at baseline was 20.3 ± 3.7kg/m². Twenty-three patients underwent 3hOGTT, of whom three were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, and one with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Positive correlation between the ratio of progesterone to upper limit of normal range (P times) and hyperglycaemia was exist(r=0.707, P=0.005). (2) In 19 NGT patients, the insulin concentrations at 0 minute, results of the homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function and insulin resistance were lower in the hypokalaemia group than in the normal kalemia group(7.0 (5.8-13.2) vs 12.4(8.9-14.9) mIU/ml, P=0.017; 115.5(88.2-240.9) vs 253.1(177.2-305.8), P=0.048; 1.54(1.17-2.61) vs 2.47(1.91-2.98), P=0.022, respectively). Follow-up: Four patients had IGT, while seven patients had diabetes mellitus. Of the 19 patients, 11 had hyperglycaemia. P times was significantly higher(7.6 (5.0-11.0) vs 3.75(2.2-5.3), P=0.008) in hyperglycemia group than in the normal glucose group. Conclusions: Abnormal glucose metabolism was common in 17OHD patients, which was possibly associated with hypokalaemia and high progesterone levels. Routine monitoring on glucose metabolism in 17OHD patient should be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite all the benefits that customer relationship management (CRM) offers to companies, various studies show high rates of failure when implementing CRM schemes. This study aims to explain how CRM can capitalize on the notion of learning behavior from failures in order to improve the relationship building and innovation performance in high technology ventures.Questionnaire survey data were collected from 234 CEOs and General Managers from ICT firms based in Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou, China. Subsequently, both hierarchical linear regression and SEM was conducted to test the hypothesized relationships.Findings show that CRM positively affects both NPD and commitment to long-term relationships and confirm that learning behaviour from failure mediates the main effects of CRM, which consists of strategic and market orientation foci, in combination with internal marketing and knowledge management. Specifically, although all four aspects of CRM are important to NPD, knowledge management is of particular importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This longitudinal study examined the reciprocal relationship between parental active mediation, parent-child relationships, and children's problematic mobile phone use (PMPU). A sample of 258 primary school students in Beijing, China, completed self-report questionnaires at three time points, with a one-semester interval (a six-month gap) between each measurement wave. The cross-lagged model test results revealed that parental active mediation may help reduce children's PMPU, whereas the corresponding reverse path from PMPU to parental active mediation was nonsignificant. There was a reciprocal negative relationship between parent-child relationships and children's PMPU. Parental active mediation had a positive effect on parent-child relationships, yet the corresponding reverse path from parent-child relationships to parental active mediation was nonsignificant. Overall, this study described a dynamic picture of children's PMPU, suggesting both a parent-driven process and a child-driven process in the prediction of children's PMPU. Our findings provide theoretical and practical implications to prevent or reduce children's engagement in PMPU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To determine whether vascular index (VI; defined as the ratio of Doppler signal pixels to pixels in the total lesion) measured via superb microvascular imaging in breast cancer correlates with immunohistochemically defined subtype and is able to predict molecular subtypes. Methods: This prospective study involved 225 patients with 225 mass-type invasive breast cancers (mean size 2.6 ± 1.4 cm, range 0.4~5.9 cm) who underwent ultrasound and superb microvascular imaging (SMI) at Peking Union Medical College Hospital before breast surgery from December 2016 to June 2018. The correlations between primary tumor VI measured via SMI, clinicopathological findings, and molecular subtype were analyzed. The performance of VI for prediction of molecular subtypes in invasive breast cancer was investigated. Results: The median VI of the 225 tumors was 7.3% (4.2%~11.8%) (range 0%~54.4%). Among the subtypes of the 225 tumors, 41 (18.2%) were luminal A, 91 (40.4%) were luminal B human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)-negative, 26 (11.6%) were luminal B HER-2-positive, 17 (7.6%) were HER-2-positive, and 50 (22.2%) were triple-negative, and the corresponding median VI values were 5.9% (2.6%~11.6%) (range 0%~47.1%), 7.3 (4.4%~10.5%) (range 0%~29.5%), 6.3% (3.9%~11.3%) (range 0.6%~22.2%), 8.2% (4.9%~15.6%) (range 0.9%~54.4%), and 9.2% (5.1%~15.3%) (range 0.7%~32.9%), respectively. Estrogen receptor (ER) negativity, higher tumor grade, and higher Ki-67 index (≥20%) were significantly associated with a higher VI value. Tumor size, ER status, and Ki-67 index were shown to independently influence VI. A cutoff value of 4.1% yielded 79.9% sensitivity and 41.5% specificity with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.58 for predicting that a tumor was of the luminal A subtype. A cutoff value of 16.4% yielded 30.0% sensitivity and 90.3% specificity with an AUC of 0.60 for predicting a triple-negative subtype. Conclusions: VI, as a quantitative index obtained by SMI examination, could reflect histologic vascular changes in invasive breast cancer and was found to be higher in more biologically aggressive breast tumors. VI shows a certain degree of correlation with the molecular subtype of invasive breast cancer and plays a limited role in predicting the luminal A with high sensitivity and triple-negative subtype with high specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients treated with immunotherapy in the real-world may have significantly different responses to those meeting inclusion criteria for random controlled clinical studies. There is a partial overlap in approved indications for the use of the different immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) currently available. A comprehensive assessment of the efficacy, safety and economic effects of various ICIs is a problem that clinicians need to address. Methods: Analyzed real-world data was collected from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who were treated with ICIs from hospitalized patients in the Lung Cancer Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2018 and 2021. The objectives were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different ICIs for the treatment of NSCLC in China and to investigate the factors affecting their curative effects. Results: Overall, 351 patients were included in the retrospective study. The median PFS for the NSCLC patient cohort treated with medication regimens that included ICIs was 9.5 months, with an ORR of 47.3%. There were no significant discrepancies in efficacy and safety between the different ICIs administered. Factors that had the greatest impact on the efficacy of ICIs were the disease stage, ECOG-PS scores and treatment lines. Gender, age, smoking history, PD-L1 TPS expression, history of targeted therapy and irAEs all had a degree of influence on patient prognosis. Conclusions: The study reports the experience of real-world usage of ICIs for the treatment of NSCLC patients in China. The results were generally consistent with those of clinical trials, while the efficacy and safety of different ICIs exhibited no statistically significant differences. Therefore, physicians can make a comprehensive choice based on the indications and cost of different ICIs and the preferences of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypoadiponectinemia has been associated with various cardiometabolic disease states. Previous studies in adults have shown that adiponectin levels were regulated by specific genetic and behavioral or lifestyle factors. However, little is known about the influence of these factors on adiponectin levels in children, particularly as mitigated by pubertal development. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from 3,402 children aged 6-18 years from the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome (BCAMS) study. Pubertal progress was classified as prepubertal, midpuberty, and postpuberty. Six relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected from previous genome-wide association studies of adiponectin in East Asians. Individual SNPs and two weighted genetic predisposition scores, as well as their interactions with 14 lifestyle factors, were analyzed to investigate their influence on adiponectin levels across puberty. The effect of these factors on adiponectin was analyzed using general linear models adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. Results: After adjustment for age, sex, and BMI, the associations between adiponectin levels and diet items, and diet score were significant at prepuberty or postpuberty, while the effect of exercise on adiponectin levels was more prominent at mid- and postpuberty. Walking to school was found to be associated with increased adiponectin levels throughout puberty. Meanwhile, the effect of WDR11-FGFR2 -rs3943077 was stronger at midpuberty (P = 0.002), and ADIPOQ -rs6773957 was more effective at postpuberty (P = 0.005), while CDH13 -rs4783244 showed the strongest association with adiponectin levels at all pubertal stages (all P < 3.24 × 10-15). We further found that effects of diet score (P interaction = 0.022) and exercise (P interaction = 0.049) were stronger in children with higher genetic risk of hypoadiponectinemia, while higher diet score and exercise frequency attenuated the differences in adiponectin levels among children with different genetic risks. Conclusions: Our study confirmed puberty modulates the associations between adiponectin, and genetic variants, lifestyle factors, and gene-by-lifestyle interactions. These findings provide new insight into puberty-specific lifestyle suggestions, especially in genetically susceptible individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

aimed to develop and validate a simplified FI for use in Chinese older population. Design: Longitudinal study. Setting and Participants: Data were drawn from the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging. The study was conducted in 2004 with 1808 participants evaluated using the CGA and was followed-up for 13 years. Mortality was recorded at 3, 5, 8, 10, and 13 years intervals. Measures: 27-Item, 50-item, and 68-item frailty indices were investigated. A Cox proportional hazards model and area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) were calculated to compare mortality predictions. Results: The FI was positively correlated with age in males (r = 0.174, P < 0.001) and females (r = 0.270, P < 0.001). The mean baseline FI was 0.225 ± 0.085 (range: 0.04– 0.56) as evaluated by the 27-item FI, 0.181 ± 0.117 (range: 0.02– 0.62) by the 50-item FI, and 0.167 ± 0.101 (range: 0.02– 0.59) by the 68-item FI. Cox regression models showed that mortality was significantly higher in frail people than in non-frail people for all 3 indices (p< 0.001). The AUCs of the 68-item FI, 50-item FI, and 27-item FI for predicting mortality were 0.720, 0.717, and 0.677, respectively (p< 0.001). Conclusion: The 27-item FI is reasonable to expect that the AUC of the indices with the higher items number is inferior to the performance of the indices with higher number of items (FI50 and FI68). But 27-item maybe used as a tool to identify frail older adults and predict mortality in clinical and primary care practices in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To identify the predictors of anatomical and functional outcomes following tympanoplasty. Study Design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: Patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) who underwent a tympanoplasty at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 were retrospectively included. Outcome measures included graft success and postoperative pure tone audiometry air‐bone gap (PTA‐ABG) at last follow‐up (≥6 months). PTA‐ABG and MERI were calculated. Descriptive, univariable, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the predictors of the graft and hearing outcomes. Results: During the study, 385 patients (167 male, 218 female, median age 44 years) undergoing 413 procedures were studied. Out of this, 219 ears underwent tympanoplasty, 45 ears had tympanoplasty with canal wall up mastoidectomy, and 149 ears had tympanoplasty with canal wall down mastoidectomy. At the last follow‐up, the overall graft success rate was 91.3% (377/413) and the overall hearing success rate was 40% (165/413). Multivariable analysis results showed that the obstructed aditus ad antrum (OR 2.67, 95%CI 1.13‐6.30; P =.025) was an independent prognostic factor for graft failures. Moreover, the obstructed aditus ad antrum (OR 2.18, 95%CI 1.16‐4.08; P =.015) and MERI >3 (OR 6.53, 95%CI 3.55‐12.02; P <.001) were independent predictors of hearing failures (PTA‐ABG > 20 dB). Conclusions: Aditus ad antrum patency was an independent predictor of both graft and hearing success among patients following tympanoplasty. MERI score greater than three was found to be a significant predictor of postoperative hearing and could serve as a useful tool for assisting clinicians in perioperative risk assessment. Level of Evidence: 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the social impacts of urban change among a generation of people for whom it is the norm: youth in Beijing, where decades of redevelopment have led to large-scale demolition of older neighborhoods and a perpetually changing cityscape. Studies have shown that redevelopment has led to the breakdown of traditional social bonds in China's cities, and that citizens relocated from older to newer neighborhoods may feel both a heightened sense of privacy and a greatly diminished sense of attachment to their surroundings. Today's urban youth, however, were born into such rapidly evolving and increasingly privatized environments. Drawing from twelve months of ethnographic fieldwork, I explore the extent to which these youth, accustomed to privatized and digitalized home lifestyles, experience a lack of attachment to their urban environs, and illustrate how such feelings may be articulated. Ongoing urban redevelopment, taking place alongside shifts in social life facilitated by digital media, can, I argue, produce in young urban residents a sense of place characterized by learned indifference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives: As a rare malformation of the female reproductive system, Herlyn‐Werner‐Wunderlich syndrome (HWWS) was categorized into 3 classifications. It was recommended recently that, on the basis of the past classification, cervicovaginal atresia without communicating uteri should be newly added as classification 4. The surgical intervention will differ by type. To better optimize patient counseling as well as the preoperative evaluation and planning, our objective was to describe the ultrasound characteristics of each type of HWWS, including the new type. Methods: From January 1995 to November 2015, 37 cases of HWWS in with complete ultrasound information confirmed by surgery in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. We analyzed their ultrasound features, including hematometra, hematocervix, hematocolpos, and an ovarian chocolate cyst. Results: All of the ultrasound images of the 37 patients showed uterus didelphys with ipsilateral renal agenesis. Compared with the other 3 types, classification 4 showed distinctive ultrasound characteristics. Most cases of classification 4 showed hematometra (5 of 7 [71.4%]) and an ipsilateral ovarian chocolate cyst (6 of 7 [85.7%]), which was significantly higher than in the other 3. A rudimentary uterine horn was also a distinctive characteristic in this type. Meanwhile none of the classification 4 cases showed hematocervix or hydrocolpos, which were common signs of the other 3. Conclusions: According to this new classification criteria for HWWS, ultrasound characteristics of the new classification 4 differ from the others. As classification 4 was suggested to have a different surgical option, we should pay attention to its ultrasound characteristics, which might help in providing more information about the treatment and prognosis to the gynecologist. Access the CME test here and search by article title. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The secondary circulation (SC) plays a vital role in the vertical exchange of meteorological variables and aerosol particles between the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and the free atmosphere. We show that, under favorable synoptic‐scale weather conditions aggravating PM2.5 pollution, heavy particle contaminations reduce wind speed in the low ABL via an aerosol feedback mechanism that perturbs the SCs. We examine the aerosol feedback impact on the reinforcement of SCs subject to heavy PM2.5 pollution occurring in Beijing and its surroundings in China. Results reveal that episodic and composite heavy PM2.5 events simulated by the aerosol feedback model runs reduce the ABL wind speeds and enhance the SC. We identify the SC signals by the differences of resultant wind speeds and PM2.5 concentrations between "feedback" and "nonfeedback" simulations under the presence of a hill topographic forcing, which is conducive to the vertical exchange of PM2.5 between the ABL and free atmosphere. Plain Language Summary: Vertical exchange of an air pollutant between the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and free atmosphere has been a major concern for the transfer of the pollutant out of the ABL. The secondary circulation (SC) provides one of the pathways for the vertical mixing of air pollutants. Following the classical SC formation mechanism in the ABL, in the present study, we demonstrate that heavy PM2.5 pollution reduces the wind speed and temperature near the surface via an aerosol feedback mechanism, which reinforces the SC. We carried out extensive model simulations of heavy PM2.5 pollution cases in Beijing and surrounding regions in China, subject to feedback and nonfeedback modeling scenarios. The differences between the feedback and nonfeedback model runs revealed enhanced SCs associated with heavy PM2.5 contamination. The reinforced SCs could also be discerned in the presence of hill topography. The results fill our knowledge gaps in the understanding of how and to what extent the aerosol feedback could contribute to the change in SCs, in addition to meteorological factors. Key Points: PM2.5 pollution tends to decrease near surface wind speed and temperature via an aerosol feedback mechanismDeclining wind speed near the surface over heavily polluted areas reinforces the secondary circulation (SC) in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL)Reinforced SC enhances PM2.5 vertical mixing between the ABL and free atmosphere [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Osteonecrosis (ON), which can lead to physical disability, is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ON and identify possible risk factors in Chinese SLE patients. Methods: SLE patients who fulfilled the 1997 American College of Rheumatology SLE classification criteria were recruited from the Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The chi-square test (χ 2 test) and multivariate regression analyses were used to evaluate risk factors. The Cox proportional-hazards model was used to construct the survival curves and estimate the simultaneous effects of prognostic factors on survival. Results: We consecutively enrolled 1,158 patients, of which 88 patients (7.6%) developed ON. Among ON patients, 57.1% of patients had isolated femoral head necrosis and 42.9% had multiple joint involvement. The mean age of ON patients (24.62 ± 8.89 years) was significantly younger than SLE patients without ON (27.23 ± 10.16 years, p = 0.09). The ON group presented with a much longer disease course (10.68 ± 5.97 years, p < 0.001) and increased incidence of arthritis, kidney, and central nervous system (CNS) involvement (65.9% [ p < 0.05], 57.6% [ p < 0.05], and 16.5% [ p < 0.05], respectively, in the ON group). ON patients were more likely to be treated with glucocorticoid (GC) and to receive a high dose of prednisolone at the initial stage of SLE (p < 0.05). The percentage of patients who received hydroxychloroquine was much higher in the control group (p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis suggested that CNS involvement and GC therapy were two independent risk factors for ON in SLE patients. The presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPLs) was a risk factor for multiple joint necrosis (odds ratio: 6.28, p = 0.009). Conclusions: ON remains a serious and irreversible complication in SLE. In addition to glucocorticoid therapy, we found that CNS system involvement was a risk factor for ON, while the administration of hydroxychloroquine was a protective factor. The clinical characteristics of multiple site ON patients were distinct from isolated femoral head necrosis patients. The presence of aPLs was a risk factor for multiple site osteonecrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluations of the impacts of increasing urbanization ratios on air temperatures are less quantitative and accurate due to the lack of high‐resolution land cover data sets. Here, based on the latest released high‐resolution (30‐m) land cover data from 1985 to 2017, annual urbanization ratios around each station in Beijing were calculated. Warming rates and temperature extremes were compared between nonrural stations (17 stations with continuously increasing urbanization ratios) and purely rural stations (3 stations with continuous urbanization ratios of zero). Although urbanized areas only occupied 22.2% of the total area in Beijing, urbanization ratios at nonrural stations already reached an average of 62.4% (10 km2)−1 in 2017, and their average rate reached 15.1% (10 km2)−1 decade−1. From 1985 to 2017, each 10% increase in the urbanization ratio with 10 km2 had led to additional annual warming of 0.14 ± 0.11, 0.17 ± 0.08, and 0.30 ± 0.17°C at nonrural stations for daily maximum (Tmax), mean (Tmean), and minimum (Tmin) air temperatures, respectively. Meanwhile, each 10% increase in the urbanization ratio with 10 km2 had led to additional changes of 11.6 ± 5.1, 12.7 ± 5.8, and −11.1 ± 5.2 days at nonrural stations for hot days, hot nights, and chilly nights, respectively. Additionally, the inner‐annual urbanization contributions to the warming increased significantly at rates of 10.7% decade−1 and 14.1% decade−1 for Tmean and Tmin, and reached 49.0% and 52.6% in 2017, respectively. The inner‐annual urbanization contributions to the increasing hot nights and the decreasing chilly nights changed at rates of 16.7% decade−1 and 15.6% decade−1, and reached 57.8% and 53.1% in 2017, respectively. Plain Language Summary: Long‐term continuous air temperature data collected at weather stations are fundamental climate data, which provide key evidence for global warming. It has been reported that the urban heat island effect induced by urbanization can throw significant impacts on the observed air temperature. However, previous data sets, for example, population and land cover data with a low resolution, cannot accurately describe the surrounding environment and its continuous annual changes at meteorological stations. In this study, annual urbanization ratios at each station in Beijing were calculated based on the high‐resolution land cover data from 1985 to 2017. The impact of urbanization ratios on warming rates and temperature extremes were then evaluated combined with the air temperature data. The results indicated that continuously increasing urbanization ratios around meteorological stations significantly increased warming rates and numbers of hot days and hot nights but decreased numbers of chilly nights. The results also indicated that air temperatures are more sensitive to urbanization effects at nonrural stations far away from the main urban area but have an increasing urbanization ratio that exceeded 40% (10 km2)−1. This study suggests that continuous urbanization around weather stations need to be considered in long‐term urban climate studies in large cities. Key Points: Each 10% increase in the urbanization ratio with 10 km2 had led to additional annual warming of 0.17 ± 0.08 and 0.30 ± 0.17°C for Tmean and TminEach 10% increase in the urbanization ratios with 10 km2 had led to additional changes of 11.6 ± 5.1, 12.7 ± 5.8, and −11.1 ± 5.2 days for hot days, hot nights, and chilly nightsThe inner‐annual urbanization contributions to warming rates and temperature extremes were continuously increasing in Beijing [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We intended to investigate the clinical features of paediatric patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) and to examine the effectiveness of the L-DEP regimen before haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 35 patients with CAEBV at Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2016 to January 2020. The efficacy and adverse events of the L-DEP regimen were evaluated.Results: The median age of the 35 patients was 7.0 years old (range 2.5-17.5 years). Twenty-eight patients achieved a clinical response (80.0%, 22 in clinical CR, 6 in clinical PR) after L-DEP. In terms of virological response, 7 patients (20%) were assessed as having virological CR, and 23 patients (65.7%) had virological PR. Finally, 29 patients underwent allo-HSCT. The median survival time was 18 months (2-50 months). The 3-year overall survival rates in patients treated with chemotherapy only (n = 6) and chemotherapy followed by HSCT (n = 25) were 33.3% and 75.4%, respectively. After L-DEP 1st treatment and L-DEP 2nd treatment, the EBV-DNA loads in blood and plasma were significantly reduced compared with those before chemotherapy (median: 4.29 × 105 copies/ml vs. 1.84 × 106 copies/ml, Mann-Whitney U: P = 0.0004; 5.00 × 102 copies/ml vs. 3.17 × 103 copies/ml, Mann-Whitney U; P = 0.003; 2.27 × 105 copies/ml vs. 1.84 × 106 copies/ml, P = 0.0001; 5.00 × 102 copies/ml vs. 3.17 × 103 copies/ml, P = 0.003). Compared with the liver and spleen size before chemotherapy, the size of the liver and spleen shrank significantly after L-DEP 2nd (median 3.8 cm vs. 1.9 cm, P = 0.003; 3.8 cm vs. 0 cm, P < 0.008). In addition, after L-DEP treatment, there was no difference in the clinical or virological response rate regardless of HLH status (clinical response: 77.3% vs. 84.6%, P = 0.689; virological response: 90.9% vs. 76.9%, P = 0.337).Conclusion: The L-DEP regimen is an effective therapy in CAEBV for bridging to allo-HSCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic authorities have taken various measures to mitigate vehicular-source pollution emissions, among which setting speed limits has been proved to be effective. However, most of the existing macroscopic research proposes idealized mathematical models to design optimal speed limit from the perspective of network equilibrium, and the simplified pollution emission functions cannot accurately reflect the emission mechanism. In order to improve the accuracy of emission calculation and obtain more reliable speed limit schemes in a large-scale network, an integrated traffic simulation approach was proposed herein to derive environment-friendly road speed limit schemes. First, this article built an integrated simulation framework to portray traffic operations and emissions comprehensively. Subsequently, a toy network was employed to demonstrate how to obtain environment-friendly speed limit schemes using this framework. Then this article utilized it to determine the corresponding optimal speed limit schemes on the Second Ring road network in Beijing under different scenarios. The results indicated that traffic authorities should impose adaptive rather than fixed speed limits according to traffic period and emission reduction priority. Moreover, imposing the derived speed limit schemes, the amounts of total emissions, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, and fine particulate matter decreased by 2.24%, 0.72%, 0.13%, 1.61%, 2.32%, and 5.35% during peak hour, and by 8.31%, 0.60%, 1.92%, 7.16%, 8.60%, and 8.72% during off-peak hour, respectively. Implications: In order to alleviate traffic pollutions emission issues more effectively from the traffic management perspective, we put forward an integrated traffic simulation approach to derive the environmental friendly road speed limit schemes. We combined MOVES and PARAMICES to build the integrated traffic simulation framework to portray road traffic operations and emissions elaborately. To verify the effectiveness of our method on real large road network, we used this method to find out the corresponding optimal speed limit schemes within the combination scheme set on Second Ring road network in Beijing under different traffic demand scenarios. Comparing with the current speed limit scheme, our derived speed limit scheme contributed to lowering emission. The amounts of total pollution emissions, hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) decreased by 2.24%, 0.72%, 0.13%, 1.61%, 2.32%, and 5.35% during peak hours, and by 8.31%, 0.60%, 1.92%, 7.16%, 8.60%, and 8.72% during off-peak hours, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural-urban migrants (mingongs) provide crucial labor for China's economic growth and global supply chains. Today, second generation mingongs who have spent most of their lives in cities have grown up. However, we know little about if their experiences with technologies are similar to their "urban-native" peers. This study reports on a qualitative study in a community in Beijing. We found a new type of "rurality": second generation mingongs' experiences with technologies differed from their urban-native peers in nearly every aspect, but exhibited similarities with their peers in rural areas. Taking nostalgia and memory as theoretical lenses, we demonstrate that such a "rurality" could be a coping mechanism for mingongs' identity struggles. Our work contributed to HCI and CSCW literature by identifying the existence of a new type of "rurality." That is, although residing in the city for nearly almost all of their lives, these second generation mingongs experiences greatly differed from their urban-native peers while exhibiting certain similarities with people living in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which elicits a wide variety of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe, with the potential to lead to death. Although used as the standard method to screen patients for SARS-CoV-2 infection, real-time PCR has challenges in dealing with asymptomatic patients and those with an undetectable viral load. Serological tests are therefore considered potent diagnostic tools to complement real-time PCR-based diagnosis and are used for surveillance of seroprevalence in populations. However, the dynamics of the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 currently remain to be investigated. Here, through analysis of plasma samples from 84 patients with COVID-19, we observed that the response of virus-specific antibodies against three important antigens, RBD, N and S, dynamically changed over time and reached a peak 5–8 weeks after the onset of symptoms. The antibody responses were irrespective of sex. Severe cases were found to have higher levels of antibody response, larger numbers of inflammatory cells and C-reactive protein levels. Within the mild/moderate cases, pairwise comparison indicated moderate association between anti-RBD vs. anti-N, anti-RBD vs. anti-S1S2, and anti-N vs. anti-S1S2. Furthermore, the majority of cases could achieve IgM and IgG seroconversion at 2 weeks since the disease onset. Analysis of neutralizing antibodies indicated that these responses were able to last for more than 112 days but decline significantly after the peak. In summary, our findings demonstrate the longitudinally dynamic changes in antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2, which can contribute to the knowledge of humoral immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and are informative for future development of vaccine and antibody-based therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the clinical characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results, and prognostic factors of neuropsychiatric (NP) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; NPSLE) in a relatively large patient series in China.Methods: Data of patients with NPSLE at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) were collected retrospectively from June 2012 to June 2016. NPSLE patients were compared with 220 non-NPSLE patients. Survival rates were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Cranial MRI results were also studied.Results: Of the 194 included patients, sixteen subtypes of NPSLE were identified, and the most common manifestations were seizure (36.6%), acute confusional state (25.3%), and cerebral vascular disease (15.5%). Compared with the non-NPSLE group, NPSLE patients were significantly more likely to have typical lupus symptoms, higher Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) scores (P = 0.002), and positive rate of anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies (P = 0.008). Patients with seizure were more likely to have higher SLEDAI-2K scores and positive anti-β2GP1 than non-NPSLE patients. Sixteen patients died during follow-up. The most common cause of death was infection (37.5%). NPSLE significantly decreased survival rates of SLE patients. Patients with elevated serum creatinine (P = 0.001), hypocomplementemia (P = 0.031), and SLEDAI - 2K scores ≥ 15 (P = 0.014) had shorter survival periods. Eighty-two patients underwent detailed cranial MRI analysis; of these, 50 (61.0%) had abnormal results. Small vessel disease was the most common abnormal finding, followed by inflammatory-like lesions and large vessel disease.Conclusions: High disease activity and positive rate of anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies may be risk factors for NPSLE. NPSLE decreases survival rates of SLE patients. Renal insufficiency and high disease activity are predictive of poor prognoses for NPSLE patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To establish suggested gestational weight gain (GWG) using several distinct methods in a Chinese population. Methods: This study analyzed data from the medical records of singleton pregnancy women during 2011–2017 in Beijing, China. Suggested GWG was calculated using four distinct methods. In method 1, suggested GWG was identified by the interquartile method. Subsequently, risk models for small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) with respect to GWG were constructed. GWG was treated as a continuous variable in method 2, and as a categorized variable in methods 3 and 4. Results: An average GWG of 15.78 kg with a prevalence of LGA at 19.34% and SGA at 2.12% was observed among the 34,470 participants. Methods 1 and 2 did not yield clinically applicable results. The suggested GWGs were 11–17/11–16 kg, 9–19/9–15 kg, 4–12/4–10 kg, and 0–12/0–6 kg by method 3/method 4 for underweight, normal-weight, overweight, and obese women, respectively. The GWG range suggested by method 3 resulted in a larger proportion of participants (62.03%) within range, while the suggested GWG range by method 4 was associated with a lower risk of LGA compared to that conferred by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) criteria. Conclusion: This study suggests a modest GWG goal compared to IOM recommendations based on a large Chinese cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The increasing application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) will cause more checkpoint inhibitor‐related pneumonitis (CIP), which is a common cause of ICI‐related death. The clinical management of CIP needs further optimization. Methods: Patients who were managed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) between February 2017 and December 2019 with a diagnosis of CIP were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data including clinical manifestations, radiologic data, laboratory and bronchoscopy results, treatments, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. The Mann–Whitney test was used to compare patients with and without co‐infections. Results: In total, 48 CIP cases in 42 patients were analyzed. The median time from the first dose of ICI to the onset of CIP was 1.9 months (range: 0.1–13.7). Grade 3–4 (G3–4) accounted for 30 cases (71.4%). The most common symptoms were cough (88.1%) and dyspnea (78.6%). The median starting dose of equivalent prednisone (EP) was 55 mg (range: 30–200) for all patients. The median total duration of glucocorticosteroids (GCS) treatment was 42.5 days (range: 15−89). Three patients (7.14%) died because of infection. A higher starting dose and longer duration of GCS (≥30 mg/day; p = 0.001) were associated with opportunistic infection. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed diverse and asymmetrical lesions. Twelve patients were re‐challenged, and six patients developed recurrent CIP. Conclusions: The clinical and imaging manifestations of CIP are various, and differential diagnosis of exclusion is essential. GCS at 1–2 mg/kg is feasible to treat CIP, but the duration of GCS ≥30 mg/day should be used with caution, given the high risk of acquired infections. Re‐challenges of ICI are feasible, but the recurrence of CIP needs to be closely monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The situation of sports products aggregation under e-commerce and internet of things mode reflects the features of sports commodity industry agglomeration and its future development prospects in this field. Taking China's e-commerce platforms, such as Taobao, Paipai, Suning etc. as research objects, after classified retrieval, statistics and analysis, it is considered that the delivering service places of Chinese sports products e-commerce and the internet of things mainly concentrated in the southeast coastal provinces and Beijing city; The well-known foreign sports brands occupy the middle and high-end market, while the sales of domestic traditional sports brand are poor; The equipment of outdoor exercise, leisure commodity and home fitness sale well, and consumers have a pursuit of improving performance, adding functions and cutting price. The future development prospect of sports products industry is: developing the outdoor sports and leisure industry vigorously to create the national high-end brand in this field; Turning the "extensive" development mode of the traditional sports products industry which pursues speed and quantity into the "intensive" development mode which pursues benefit and quality; Increasing the proportion of investment in research and development (R&D) to improve the market competitiveness of sports products from the aspects of environmental protection, economy, durability, comfort, beauty and multi-function; Enhancing the national self-confidence of sports brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]