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Wound management presents a significant global challenge, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of wound care products and clinical expertise in selecting dressings. Bioactive dressings (BD) represent a diverse category of dressings, capable of influencing wound healing through various mechanisms. These dressings, including honey, hyaluronic acid, collagen, alginates, and polymers enriched with polyhexamethylene biguanide, chitin, and chitosan derivatives, create a conducive environment for healing, promoting moisture balance, pH regulation, oxygen permeability, and fluid management. Interactive dressings further enhance targeted action by serving as substrates for bioactive agents. The continuous evolution of BDs, with new products introduced annually, underscores the need for updated knowledge in wound care. To facilitate dressing selection, a practical algorithm considers wound exudate, infection probability, and bleeding, guiding clinicians through the process. This algorithm aims to optimize wound care by ensuring the appropriate selection of BDs tailored to individual patient needs, ultimately improving outcomes in wound management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Tissue-engineered skin has a good application prospect in promoting skin tissue wound repair and scarless healing. OBJECTIVE: To review the current research progress, application and value of tissue-engineered skin in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: A computer was used to search the relevant articles in the CNKI database and PubMed database. The Chinese and English search terms were “mesenchymal stem cells; growth factors; skin; wounds; skin repair; wound healing; regenerative medicine; tissue engineering; scaffolds”. The domestic and foreign related application articles on tissue-engineered skin construction in the treatment of skin tissue injury in recent years were checked, and the research progress of mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors, scaffold materials and dressings for new treatment methods for tissue repair was also summarized. The articles irrelevant to the subject of this article were excluded, and 78 articles were finally included for the result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The construction of tissue-engineered skin involves the selection of seed cells, the application of growth factors, and the combination of multiple elements of scaffold materials. Mesenchymal stem cells are one of the important sources of tissue-engineered skin seed cells. Growth factors optimize the tissue culture environment, and scaffold materials provide appropriate mechanical support. Therefore, how to select appropriate seed cells, growth factors and scaffold materials to construct tissue-engineered skin to treat wounds and speed up repair is the focus and research direction that should be explored in the future. In addition, the development of wound materials is also a new field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cardiac pacemakers must be regularly replaced due to depleted batteries. A possible alternative is proposed by subcutaneous photovoltaic energy harvesting. The body's reaction to an implant can cause device encapsulation. Potential changes in spectral light transmission of skin can influence the performance of subcutaneous photovoltaic cells and has not yet been studied in large animal studies. Methods: Subcutaneous implants measuring changes in the light reaching the implant were developed. Three pigs received those implants and were analyzed for seven weeks. Spectral measurements with known irradiation were performed to identify possible changes in the transparency of the tissues above the implant during the wound healing process. A histological analysis at the end of the trial investigated the skin tissue above the subcutaneous photovoltaic implants. Results: The implants measured decreasing light intensity and shifts in the light's spectrum during the initial wound healing phase. In a later stage of tissue recovery, the implants measured a generally reduced light intensity compared to the healthy tissue after implantation. The spectral distribution of the measured light at the end of the trial was similar to the first measurements. The histological analysis showed subcutaneous granulation tissue formation for all devices. Conclusion: The varying reduction of light intensity reaching the implants means that safety margins must be sufficiently high to ensure the power. At the end of the wound healing process, the spectral distribution of the light reaching the implant is similar to healthy tissue. Significance: Optimizations of spectral sensitivity of photovoltaic cells are possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical incision infection of multidrug-resistant microorganisms (e.g., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) is a severe cause of poor wound healing, which is prevalent in healthcare facilities and constitutes a huge infectious disease burden in the world. The purpose of this study is to investigate the medical application and possible mechanisms of the cold atmospheric plasma jet on infected wounds. In this article, the New Zealand rabbit in vivo wound infected with MRSA is used as the wound healing animal model. The helium atmospheric-pressure dielectric-barrier-discharge (AP-DBD) plasma jet is employed to treat the wounds infected with MRSA. The wound healing, histological, and cytokine analyses are conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the helium AP-DBD plasma jet on the MRSA-infected wound healing process. The experimental results show that the helium AP-DBD plasma jet treatment on the wounds infected with MRSA can regulate the secretion of the cytokines, limit the inflammatory response and cell excessive proliferation, accelerate the process of re-epithelialization, and consequently, promote the wound healing process and the inactivation of the bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The microcirculatory response of intact human skin to exposure with di CAP for different durations with a focus on the effect of implied mechanical pressure during plasma treatment was investigated. Methods Local relative hemoglobin, blood flow velocity, tissue oxygen saturation, and blood flow were monitored noninvasively for up to 1 hour in 1-2 mm depth by optical techniques, as well as temperature, pH values, and moisture before and after skin stimulation. The experimental protocol (N = 10) was set up to differentiate between pressure- and plasma-induced effects. Results Significant increases in microcirculation were only observed after plasma stimulation but not after pressure stimulus alone. For a period of 1 h after stimulation, local relative hemoglobin was increased by 5.1% after 270 seconds diCAP treatment. Tissue oxygen saturation increased by up to 9.4%, whereas blood flow was doubled (+106%). Skin pH decreased by 0.3 after 180 seconds and 270 seconds diCAP treatment, whereas skin temperature and moisture were not affected. Conclusions diCAP treatment of intact skin notably enhances microcirculation for a therapeutically relevant period. This effect is specific to the plasma treatment and not an effect of the applied pressure. Prolonged treatment durations lead to more pronounced effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin tears are frequently encountered in emergency and unscheduled care, and are prevalent in older people. Patients may present soon after an acute skin tear, or at a later stage when the wound presentation is different and there are complications. This article describes evidence-based recommendations and strategies for the prevention, assessment and management of skin tears, discusses risk factors and explains when to refer patients for specialist management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acaena myriophylla (cadillo) is a rosacea family plant that naturally grows in the pampas area. The Acaena myriophylla extract action over cellular and tissue components on skin wounds in white mice was analyzed. Skin wounds in mice were treated topically with diluted extracts of Acaena myriophylla for 10 days and samples were taken every day for histological analysis. In order to compare the evolution of the wounds the same procedure was applied to a non-treated group of animals. (Control group) Mice from the treated group showed an important local edema and significant delay in the healing wound process evidenced by an increase in neutrophil and fibroblast remain in the injured tissue, (P<0,05) as well as in the collagen fiber arrangement in relation to the control group. The statistic test showed significant differences (P<0.01) in the number of neutrophil and fibroblast between the treated and untreated mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The already known benefits produced by the interaction of coherent light (laser) with biologic tissues determine its use as an adjuvant in the treatment of several complications associated with diabetes. Non-coherent light, such as that emitted by light emitting diodes (LEDs), becomes a promising alternative, because of its low cost and easy handling in these applications. Thirty-six rats were given surgical dorsum lesions. The lesions for the control group did not receive any supporting therapy. The other groups were irradiated only once, 30 min after the establishment of the lesion, with LED (640 nm with 40 nm full bandwidth at half maximum) or laser (660 nm). The histomorphological and histomorphometrical parameters were quantified. The coherent and non-coherent lights produced similar effects during a period of 168 h after the lesions had been made. For the group composed of diabetic animals, 72 h after creation of the lesion, it was observed that the therapy with LEDs had been more efficient than that with the laser in the reduction of the wounds' diameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first part of this review focused on the essential biological features of human skin, their origins and cellular relationships as a basis for understanding nutritional requirements in health and disease (see Vol 13 (19; Tissue Viabil Suppl): S22-S28).The second part will discuss the importance of a good, well-balanced diet sufficient in proteins (amino acids), fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals in the management of skin wounds. Evidence is drawn from clinical trials, case studies of patients with known genetic deficiencies affecting dietary metabolism and metabolic studies. Experimental studies in laboratory animals have provided limited information on the role of nutrient deficiencies in wound repair. There is still an urgent need for prospective controlled studies on the importance of key nutrients at principle phases in the wound-healing cascade and how uptake and metabolism is regulated by growth factors, cytokines and hormones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutrition is a provocative subject in tissue repair, particularly in relation to the skin which consists of many different tissues fulfilling various essential functions. This article, the first in a two-part series, will discuss the structure of the human skin and its variations, with indications as to the individual requirements of the cells in fulfilling their normal role in skin physiology and in repair systems. Nutrient gradients seem to play a major role in normal skin physiology and repair systems following injury. The second part will discuss in more detail the importance of major nutrient factors and their inter-relationships in tissue repair. It is clear that much of our available knowledge is derived from experimental studies in animals. Their relevance in human wound healing may be equivocal as the human skin is unique in the animal kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound healing is a complex process involving a number of related genes and receptors. Using cDNA microarrays, we explored the global gene expression profile of phenytoin (20 μg/ml) induced changes to human dermal fibroblasts. Microarray data analysis revealed ∼1500 genes were differentially expressed by 2.5-fold. At 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, the transcripts of the major growth factors involved in wound healing and their receptors were increased. This was further confirmed by RT-PCR. Genes encoding other proteins with roles in signal transduction (NFκB), extracellular matrix (MMP1) including type I collagen, fibronectin, and laminin were strongly induced at 6 h and onwards. Genes involved in cell cycle regulation (CCND1 and CDKN1A) were down-regulated consistent with our finding that phenytoin per se did not have cell proliferation activity. Notably, phenytoin accelerates the autocrine and paracrine activity of growth factors by up-regulating the related receptors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Cancer hijacks embryonic development and adult wound repair mechanisms to fuel malignancy. Cancer frequently originates from de-regulated adult stem cells or progenitors, which are otherwise essential units for postnatal tissue remodeling and repair. Cancer genomics studies have revealed convergence of multiple cancers across organ sites, including squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), a common group of cancers arising from the head and neck, esophagus, lung, cervix and skin. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the molecular drivers of SCCs, including these five major organ sites. We especially focus our discussion on lineage dependent driver genes and pathways, in the context of squamous development and stratification. We then use skin as a model to discuss the notion of field cancerization during SCC carcinogenesis, and cancer as a wound that never heals. Finally, we turn to the idea of context dependency widely observed in cancer driver genes, and outline literature support and possible explanations for their lineage specific functions. Through these discussions, we aim to provide an up-to-date summary of molecular mechanisms driving tumor plasticity in squamous cancers. Such basic knowledge will be helpful to inform the clinics for better stratifying cancer patients, revealing novel drug targets and providing effective treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]