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In 2001, a study into issues of concern to assistant-in-nursing, registered and enrolled nurse members of the Queensland Nurses Union was undertaken. Approximately equal numbers of nurses from each of the aged care, acute private and acute public sectors were surveyed. Overall, 1477 nurses responded, representing a response rate of 53%. This article focuses on one aspect of the study—the perceived adequacy of support offered to new nursing graduates as they exit university and begin their transition into the workplace. In particular, responses from nurses are compared with professional level or current role designation, age, time spent in the workplace and health sector. Considerable divergence of opinion among the respondents, particularly across designation, age and years of experience, was found within the three sectors. For example, in the public and private employment sectors, older and more experienced nurses were more likely to perceive the support for new nurses as adequate compared to younger and less experienced nurses. Additionally, in the acute private sector, the more senior the nurse the more likely the perception that there was adequate preparation for new graduates entering the workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arthur Anthony Page was at the forefront of astronomy in Queensland, Australia, for much of the second half of the twentieth century. This paper explores his life and achievements. He was a talented amateur astronomer who played a key role in the evolution of astronomical societies in the southeastern corner of the State of Queensland. He also was interested in research, especially in flare stars and cataclysmic variables, and built and equipped two observatories so that he could carry out these studies. He had access to some advanced instrumentation, and was keen to adopt new technologies such as photoelectric photometry--which was very unusual for amateur astronomers at this time. One of his discoveries was the chance flaring of the Be star 66 Ophiuchi in 1969. This was significant as this type of star had not previously been known to generate flares. Arthur Page also attended national and international conferences, published research papers in national and international journals, and produced star catalogues and star charts. Over the years, he built an international reputation in the shadowy boundary between professional and amateur astronomy. A long-time Internatonal Astronomical Union (IAU) member, he was an inaugural member of the Astronomical Society of Australia (a rare honour for an amateur astronomer), and was awarded an honorary PhD by the University of Queensland. In 2008 the IAU named asteroid 11516 'Arthur Page' in his honour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state of language education in Australia has long been described as paradoxical. Oscillating between periods of increased attention and seeming invisibility, over the last thirty years, the language learning sector has been punctuated by a succession of aspirational declarations and funding injections with little long-term impact on its overall standing. Despite the increasingly multilingual makeup of Australian society, language education at all levels has largely remained stuck amidst monolingualising education policies and alarmist discourses. The latest instance of this paradoxical condition is a fee-reduction incentive for university students to study a language, which, in practice, stands to further weaken the language offerings in many Higher Education institutions. In this paper, we use the imagery of circularities and ripples to explore the challenges facing language education across sectors in Australia. Through data collected in Queensland secondary schools, we discuss how these challenges transcend the traditional delineation of macro-, meso-, and micro-levels of language policy and planning. We argue that challenges go both in circles within the same level (circularity) and flow outwards to other levels (ripples), which include Higher Education. For this reason, siloed approaches to funding and scholarly research contribute to a wicked state of inertia and, ultimately, diminish opportunities to break free from these cycles in the future. We conclude by acknowledging our complicit roles and ethical responsibilities as Higher Education scholars in the perpetuation of these cycles, as but a first step in engaging productively with the possibilities of leveraging these rippling circularities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In May 2020, at the height of the first Covid-19 lockdown in Queensland, Australia, the nation's biggest news organisation, News Corp, announced they were closing many of their regional journals. For much of regional Queensland, the onset of news deserts looked probable until Victorian-based Star News Group filled the void left by News Corp. This paper looks at these changes from the perspective of journalists working for Star newspapers in the Queensland regional centres of Noosa and Gympie - and it reveals the challenges facing community journalism in post-Murdoch regional Queensland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this guest editor's introduction to this thematic volume on the historical archaeology of Queensland, Australia, I briefly discuss some of the history and archaeology of Queensland in light of some of the major themes currently being investigated. The papers presented in this volume are also introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This iconography explores the variability and ranges of members of the Ministrombus and introduces three new species bringing the total to six in the genus. Two of these species are alluded to in previous works but were never described. M. athenius is recircumscribed and the type locality is shifted to reflect this change in taxonomic position. This paper examined 430 specimens, and used morphology and distribution patterns to delineate species. There is considerable variability in the form of each species; however, within each species complex, there are distinctive characteristics that enable taxonomic resolution. This paper adds to the growing understanding of diversity within Neostromboidae, and highlights the revisions of what are currently considered stable taxa increasing our understanding of global biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principal purpose of this study was to gain a greater understanding of the utilitarian and symbolic significance of koalas for Aboriginal communities in Queensland, Australia as recorded by colonists during the early period of colonization and the early twentieth century. It does this primarily through a close examination of the nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century archival records and contemporary publications that relate to Queensland Aboriginal peoples' associations with koalas. This paper is the third in a series investigating the historic and cultural importance of the koala according to the location in Australia. It likewise employs the historical method approach, which relies on identifying historical sources, evaluating their relative authority, and combining their testimony appropriately in order to construct an accurate and reliable picture of past events and environments. Through a critique of the published historical sources, the distribution of and the etymology of "koala" are briefly discussed before an examination is made of the animal's spiritual importance, associated cultural traditions, and simultaneous utilitarian role. Mirroring previous studies published by the authors on Victoria and New South Wales, we confirm that the predominately non-Aboriginal historical records reveal that koalas were hunted for food and their skin in some Queensland regions. It shall be seen that the ethno-historical records are inconclusive about the koala's distribution in Queensland, whether they were hunted across all of the state at the point of colonization and whether they were considered an integral food source in some regions. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the extent to which they were used varied across regions and between language groups and was subject to certain rules, and that their spiritual significance can be traced directly to epic creation stories. The implications of this paper are consistent with the earlier New South Wales and Victorian studies: regional variations exist in Queensland in relation to the (pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial) historic relationship between Aboriginal communities and koalas and that close consultation with Aboriginal communities needs to be taken into consideration when planning conservation measures relating to koalas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five new Tudivasum species are described from Queensland, Australia. Currently, only Tudivasum armigerum (Adams, 1856) and Tudivasum rasilistoma (Abbott, 1959) are recognized from the east Australian Coast, and are of comparable size to the new species. An additional species, Tudivasum kurtzi (Macpherson, 1964) from northwestern Australia is included in this study as it is also of comparable size to the new species described here, although it is not found in the same biogeographical area. A coastal species, Tudivasum annettae n. sp. is described from Shoal Point, Central Queensland, where it has been found on intertidal sand/mud flats and near shore reefs. Tudivasum barbaracollinsae n. sp. is described from the far northern region of Queensland off the Cairns coastal trawler grounds. Tudivasum glendae n sp. is described from the northern Queensland trawling grounds off Townsville. Tudivasum amandacantamessae n. sp. is described from the central Queensland trawler grounds off Bowen. Tudivasum variabilis n. sp. is taken from the southern Queensland trawler grounds off Yeppoon. The first example of a sinistral Tudivasum from Australia is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finkl and Cathcart have proposed a macroengineering project to deliver water from the Fly River in Papua New Guinea via an undersea pipeline into northeast Australia, routed down the Diamantina River and thence into Lake Eyre. The proposal has historical antecedents but its scientific basis is very weak. No case is made for the usefulness or demand for the water in Australia. Little consideration is given to the environmental, social, and political issues that such a scheme would involve. Scientific papers that are referenced in support of the arguments in the paper in many cases do not deal with the issues on which they are quoted. The authors appear to have little understanding of the geography of the areas they are discussing, which leads them to make many erroneous assertions about these places. The paper contains a considerable amount of irrelevant and trivial material, such as the life history of HMS Fly. The subject matter of the paper lies well outside the stated subject area of the Journal of Coastal Research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) has evolved as an environmental management and sustainability tool. Despite common principles shared by EIA globally, there are considerable variations in EIA processes across countries. In this paper, we reviewed and compared EIA processes of China, Queensland State of Australia and Nepal considering five key steps (selection of consultants, report preparation, public participation, report review and approval, and monitoring and evaluations) of EIA. Our review indicated that the EIA is well recognised in legal instruments in all state and countries under consideration and there are both similarities and differences in key steps of EIA. Monitoring of EIA recommendations and the integration of feedbacks from the past and current practices are important in improving EIA processes. This study also found that there are elements for possible improvement in existing EIA processes by each state and country introducing the best practices from others' EIA system. Some of the practices that Nepal can follow from the EIA processes of Queensland and China are licensing and accreditation of individuals and firms to conduct EIA, establishment of separate monitoring unit within regulating department, development of clear guidelines for approvals and monitoring, and the use of independent third-party auditing in EIA monitoring. The findings of this paper are useful in revising and improving EIA policies, practices and processes in the selected state, countries and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death in Australia. Longitudinal record linkage studies have the potency to influence clinical decision making to improve cardiac health. This paper describes the baseline characteristics of the Queensland Cardiac Record Linkage Cohort study (QCard). Methods: International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) diagnosis codes were used to identify CVD and comorbidities. Cost and adverse health outcomes (e.g., comorbidities, hospital-acquired complications) were compared between first-time and recurrent admissions. Descriptive statistics and standard tests were used to analyse the baseline data. Results: There were 132,343 patients with hospitalisations in 2010, of which 47% were recurrent admissions, and 53% were males. There were systematic differences between characteristics of recurrent and first-time hospitalisations. Patients with recurrent episodes were nine years older (70 vs. 61; p < 0.001) and experienced a twice higher risk of multiple comorbidities (3.17 vs. 1.59; p < 0.001). CVD index hospitalisations were concentrated in large metropolitan hospitals. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that linked administrative health data provide an effective tool to investigate factors determining the progress of heart disease. Our main finding suggests that recurrent admissions were associated with higher hospital costs and a higher risk of having adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a summary history and critique of the development and implementation of restorative justice in the Queensland youth justice system through an analysis of official data and documentary sources. The paper focuses on policy changes, including government responses to program reviews, issues regarding the availability of conferencing, connections between conferencing and prevention and program transparency and accountability. The study provides several important lessons applicable across jurisdictions. The main finding was that conferencing in Queensland remains substantially underutilised. This was associated in large part with the discretionary gatekeeping role of police, the absence of a systematic and comprehensive consultation process with victims and accused persons and governments ignoring the science of restorative justice. In terms of prevention, the study identifies the need for a more integrated approach involving conferencing, risk assessments and the post-conference supervision and welfare needs of offenders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This article explores the case of the Queensland's reformatory for boys through the years 1871–1919 to analyse how the institution negotiated the complex, and at times competing, goals of reforming, educating and punishing its inmate population. Design/methodology/approach: The article relies on documentary evidence, including archival material produced by the institution and newspaper records published between 1865, when the legislation allowing the institution to be created was passed, to 1919, when the institution ceased to be known as a "reformatory". Findings: This research demonstrates that, despite considerable changes during the studied period, the overarching goal of reforming criminal and potentially criminal young people continuously relied on achieving a balance between reformative techniques such as religious instruction and work placements, providing a useful education and punishing offenders. It also demonstrates that, despite efforts to achieve this balance, the institution was often described as unsuccessful. Originality/value: Due to the paucity of available archival evidence, there is still relatively little known about how the reformatories of late-19th- and early-20th-century Australia attempted to carry out programmes of moral reformation. This paper contributes to the field through an analysis of an institution which faced unusual challenges as a result of a complex inmate population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gastropod family Strombidae has sparked the recent interest of taxonomists as early revisions of the family are re-examined, with a plethora of new species and genera being described. This has brought a greater understanding of the level of diversity within the family, which has assisted in conceptualizing its evolutionary intergeneric relationships. However, gaps in the revisions remain. This paper examines the extant members of the genus Gibberulus after half a century of neglect. After examination of type material and original descriptions, the species are recircumscribed, and a new species, G. dekkersi, new species, is presented, bringing the total number of species in the genus to four. In addition, information of the geographic range of each species is provided. We suggest that, as further revisions of the Strombidae are conducted, particularly of those species with large fragmented distributions, a greater diversity of species will be found and described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the coal seam gas industry in Australia has led to the extraction of large volumes of relatively salty groundwater. Once treated, this coal seam water (CSW) is being made available for irrigation and it is an opportunity for landholders to increase the level and reliability of their agricultural production. This paper reviews the use of CSW and approaches to sustainable agriculture. The review suggests that, barring technical and economic constraints, re-injection of treated CSW into stressed agricultural aquifers may provide more equitable access to water and broader economic benefits than current location-specific irrigation schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper investigates the effect of soil/cement column diameter and spacing on bearing capacity beneath a road embankment situated on normally consolidated estuarine deposits in the South East Queensland region. The modelling was undertaken using the Finite Element method and the results are discussed with respect to the variation in parameters as described. A site investigation was undertaken during the planning stages for construction of the embankment to establish the soil profile on the site. A range of laboratory tests were performed on the undisturbed sample obtained during the investigation. The results of the laboratory tests and several alternative established methods were utilised to establish the Plaxis input parameters as discussed in this paper. The results of the analysis reveal a direct relationship between the ultimate bearing capacity and the area replacement ratio, providing a practical tool for estimating soil cement column spacings to achieve a required bearing capacity in South East Queensland conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Australia, coal seam gas (CSG) could help to meet growing demands for cleaner alternatives to coal, thus making it important for the energy transition. By developing such an industry, not only does an energy resource become available, but large water volumes are also extracted, especially in the first stages of production. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impacts of a large-scale coal seam gas industry on the landscape. Specifically, the research intends to explore how coal seam gas has changed the landscape of the agricultural production area in Western Downs, Queensland. In this Australian State, the water associated with coal seam gas production is considered an asset and the legislation in force encourages beneficial use of such resources. Comparison of aerial pictures highlights how, in a short timeframe, the local rural landscape has changed considerably due the extensive development of unconventional gas resources. The coal seam gas industry has provided the host region with opportunities for local development, but the issue of the sustainability of these new mining and non-mining activities still needs to be properly addressed. • Coal seam gas-associated water is potentially a valuable commodity. • In Queensland, the coal seam gas development footprint is quite extensive. • Landscape changes are related both to gas and CSG-associated water extraction. • Unsteady amounts of CSG-associated water pose challenges to the agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In common with other Australian local government systems, Queensland local councils have experienced acute financial and other problems. In a collaborative attempt to address these problems, in 2005 the Queensland state government and the Local Government Association of Queensland (LGAQ) embarked on a Size, Shape and Sustainability (SSS) program to evaluate the sustainability of local councils and provide solutions to the problems the process was designed to unearth. The SSS process was hailed as the best example of voluntary cooperation between state authorities and local councils in the history of Australian local government reform. However, after almost two years, in a shock announcement on 17 April 2007 the Queensland Government unilaterally terminated the SSS program and established a Reform Commission to recommend a forced amalgamation across the state. This paper provides a critical appraisal of this drastic policy reversal by considering the official rationale for the 'U-turn' and the formal response of the LGAQ to the turnaround in the light of broader trends in Australian local government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last 50 years, significant maritime archaeological research, including the excavation of shipwrecks and underwater cultural heritage projects (mainly site inspections and monitoring activities) occurred in Queensland. There is no doubt that there are exceptional historic ship and aircraft sites along the Queensland coastline. Queensland has been the home of an active Maritime Archaeology Department at the Queensland Museum, one of the most successful active avocational groups (the Maritime Archaeology Association of Queensland), and a decade-long university program at James Cook University. However, it seems that after the large-scale excavations of HMS "Pandora" (sunk in 1791), maritime archaeological research, educational outreach, public interest, and eventually, professional positions, dwindled. This paper reviews the past 50 years of shipwreck research, highlighting where and when approaches failed before discussing the future and what lies ahead for maritime archaeological research in Queensland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large sandstone rock art site, Marra Wonga, near Barcaldine, central Queensland, is the focus of this paper. This 160-metre-long rock shelter is estimated to have over 15,000 petroglyphs, which are mostly animal tracks, lines, grooves and drilled holes, as well as 111 hand-related and object stencils. There is also a cluster of human-shaped foot petroglyphs on the floor of the shelter, some with six or more toes. Unique compositions on the shelter wall include seven large, engraved star-like designs with central engraved pits and large, engraved snake-like designs running across and through other petroglyphs. We describe and discuss some of the features of Marra Wonga from archaeological (etic) and ethnographic (emic) perspectives, especially in terms of the significance of a petroglyph of an anthropomorph, seven star-like designs seemingly made as part of a composition, the large snake-like designs, and six-toed human feet. Today, Marra Wonga is a teaching site used to tell important cultural stories that are connected to many other places through the imagery and Dreaming Tracks, as well as a tourist destination managed by the Yambangku Aboriginal Cultural Heritage and Tourism Development Aboriginal Corporation (YACHATDAC), with whom we partnered for this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1899, Britain requested volunteers from the Australian colonies to fight the Boers in South Africa. Australian soldiers who travelled to South Africa are described within the historical literature as fit and healthy, especially in comparison with British 'Tommies'. The troops themselves wrote frequently of their superior physical condition in personal records, however many wrote at length about the lack of food or comfort on the battlefield. This paper examines the demographic and anthropometric data on enlistment and discharge of 279 men who fought in the First and Third Queensland Contingents alongside soldiers' claims about health and comfort in South Africa. Anthropometric analysis reveals that despite variable food intake, Australian soldiers returned home fit and with slightly better nutritional status than on enlistment. This provides some backing to some soldiers' claims that military service brought them 'glorious healthiness'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A taxonomic revision of the Pultenaea setulosa species complex (Fabaceae, tribe Mirbelieae) is presented. Prior to this study, P. setulosa Benth. was broadly circumscribed as a single, morphologically variable species. Here, we present evidence supporting the recognition of 18 species, 14 of which are new to science. Pultenaea setulosa is recircumscribed as a morphologically uniform taxon endemic to the Marlborough region in south-east Queensland. We reinstate Pultenaea boormanii H.B.Will., Pultenaea campbellii Maiden & Betche and Pultenaea lapidosa Corrick from synonymy of P. setulosa and describe an additional 14 new species: Pultenaea acanthocalyx R.L.Barrett & Clugston, Pultenaea corrickiae R.L.Barrett, Orme & Clugston, Pultenaea estelleae R.L.Barrett & Clugston, Pultenaea farmeriana R.L.Barrett, Orme & P.H.Weston, Pultenaea hoskingii R.L.Barrett & Clugston, Pultenaea imminuta R.L.Barrett & S.F.McCune, Pultenaea murrayi R.L.Barrett, Pultenaea palssoniae R.L.Barrett & Clugston, Pultenaea praetermissa R.L.Barrett & Albr., Pultenaea purdieae R.L.Barrett & Clugston, Pultenaea renneri R.L.Barrett & Clugston, Pultenaea venusta R.L.Barrett & Orme, Pultenaea westonii R.L.Barrett & Clugston and Pultenaea woolcockiorum R.L.Barrett & Clugston. Sixteen of these species are endemic to New South Wales, one to Queensland and one to Victoria. All taxa are described and illustrated, and habitats and conservation status are discussed. Two additional related species, Pultenaea procumbens A.Cunn. and P. setigera A.Cunn. ex Benth. are recircumscribed. Pultenaea setigera is reinstated here, known from the type collection made in 1822 and is possibly extinct. Lectotypes are selected for the names Pultenaea boormanii, P. campbellii, P. procumbens, P. setigera and P. setulosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the mid nineteenth to mid twentieth century sanatoria loomed large in the popular consciousness as the space for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). A review of the historiography of sanatoria at the beginning of this paper shows that the nursing contribution to the care of TB patients is at best ignored and at worst attracts negative comment. Added to this TB nursing was not viewed as prestigious by contemporaries, leading to problems attracting recruits. Using a case study approach based on surviving archival material, this paper sets out to provide a glimpse of the work of TB nurses in a rural sanatorium at Westwood, Queensland, Australia. For the nurses geographical isolation was compounded by professional stagnation, which created a working environment influenced by friction and discord among the staff. It reveals how despite this, nurses coped with working in hostile conditions, to make the long stay of their patients, separated from their families and familiar life style more bearable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, is an iconic Australian wildlife species facing a rapid decline in South‐East Queensland (SEQLD). For conservation planning, the ability to estimate the size of koala populations is crucial. Systematic surveys are the most common approach to estimate koala populations but because of their cost they are often restricted to small geographic areas and are conducted infrequently. Public interest and participation in the collection of koala sighting data is increasing in popularity, but such data are generally not used for population estimation. We modeled monthly sightings of koalas reported by members of the public from 1997 to 2013 in SEQLD by developing a self‐exciting spatio‐temporal point process model. This allowed us to account for characteristics that are associated with koala presence (which vary over both space and time) while accounting for detection bias in the koala sighting process and addressing spatial clustering of observations. The density of koalas varied spatially due to the heterogeneous nature of koala habitat in SEQLD, with a mean density of 0.0019 koalas per km2 over the study period. The percentage of land areas with very low densities (0–0.0005 koalas per km2) remained similar throughout the study period representing, on average, 66% of the total study area. The approach described in this paper provides a useful starting point to allow greater use to be made of incidental koala sighting data. We propose that the model presented here could be used to combine systematic koala survey data (which is spatially restricted, but more precise) with koala sighting data (which is incidental and often biased by nature, but often collected over large geographical areas). Our approach could also be adopted for modeling the density of other wildlife species where data is collected in the same manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resilience thinking has developed separately in the bodies of literature on social-ecological systems, and that published principally within developmental psychology and mental health on the resilience of individuals. This paper explores what these bodies of literature might learn from the other towards a more integrated and enriched understanding of both social-ecological systems and social resilience. The psychology-based literature recognises a strong set of factors that enhance the strengths of individuals and communities, but lacks a sophisticated integration of the physical environmental context. The social-ecological systems literature offers an excellent foundation in complex adaptive systems, but tends to superimpose ecological concepts of system function onto the human domain, and needs to include an array of core social science concepts that are important to a full understanding of social-ecological systems. An example on north eastern Australia suggests how a converged understanding of social resilience could assist managers to acknowledge, enhance and foster social resilience in linked social-ecological systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Up to a half of motor vehicle suicides may be unreported. • Unreported and confirmed cases of motor vehicle suicide share many common factors. • Unreported cases of motor vehicle suicide had a higher prevalence of females and multiple vehicle truck impacts compared to confirmed cases. • Information pertaining to the driver's psychosocial history is missing or unavailable in many coroners reports of driver fatalities. • A standardised procedure for conducting a psychological autopsy for motor vehicle suicide, may increase the accuracy of reporting the cause of such crashes. While suicide is recognised as one of the leading causes of death in Australia, it is often presumed that fatal road crashes are primarily accidental in nature. However, international research has indicated that deliberate attempts at self-harm while driving may account for between 1.1% and 7.4% of road crashes. Despite the personal and financial costs associated with such events, few studies have examined the extent of motor vehicle suicides (MVS) or the circumstances surrounding such incidents in Australia. Given this, the current study reviewed coronial, police and toxicology findings of 762 motor vehicle fatalities in Queensland (Australia) during the period 2011 to 2015 to determine the frequency of confirmed cases and explore the prevalence (and characteristics) of possible MVS that remain undetected. In total, 22 confirmed cases were identified, and such events shared significant similarities with 14 possible events, including evidence of recent emotional upset, adversity and mental health diagnoses. In contrast, differences between the groups were limited to confirmed cases being more likely to involve males and contain a suicide note or evidence of past suicidality, while possible cases were more likely to involve a multiple vehicle impact with a truck. Importantly, crucial information regarding the deceased's psychological state and life circumstances (e.g., psychological autopsy) was not reported in many cases. Corresponding qualitative analysis of the coroners final determination (between the two groups) revealed the occurrence of the word suicide to occur seven times (31.8%) among confirmed cases and five times (35.7%) for possible casers. Furthermore, the coroners final determination of intent to suicide was open or undetermined in six of the possible cases (43%), which further suggests a reluctance (or procedural uncertainty) to categorically identify MVS. The paper further reviews the main findings, illuminates core challenges associated with identifying MVS and proposes a need for future investigations to incorporate a more standardised and evidence-based approach in order to effectively identify such events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Cancer screening programmes for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer have successfully reduced mortality rates among target groups. However, a large proportion of women and men are unscreened. Aim. This review aims to provide an overview of the literature regarding the determinants of cancer screening participation among target groups in Queensland. Methods. Electronic databases were searched for studies on determinants of cancer screening participation in Queensland. Retrieved studies were screened, and eligible articles were selected for data extraction. Both peer-reviewed and grey literature studies were included. The determinants of cancer screening participation were classified according to the I-Change model. Results. Sixteen out of 75 articles were selected and analysed. Information factors, such as the lack of tailored strategies, determined cancer screening participation. Age, gender, cultural beliefs, fear and past experiences were the most reported predisposing factors to cancer screening participation. Lack of knowledge, misconceptions, low awareness, timely access to service, privacy and confidentiality were mainly reported awareness and motivation factors. Encouragement from health professionals, providing more information and interactions with communities would result in different effects on cancer screening participation among the target groups. Discussion. The I-Change model is a valuable tool in mapping the current determinants of cancer screening participation programs. Further research may be needed to fully understand the barriers and facilitators of cancer screening programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Unconventional natural gas development (UNGD) is expanding globally, with Australia expanding development in the form of coal seam gas (CSG). Residents and other interest groups have voiced concerns about the potential environmental and health impacts related to CSG. This paper compares objective health outcomes from three study areas in Queensland, Australia to examine potential environmentally-related health impacts.Methods: Three study areas were selected in an ecologic study design: a CSG area, a coal mining area, and a rural/agricultural area. Admitted patient data, as well as population data and additional factors, were obtained for each calendar year from 1995 through 2011 to calculate all-age hospitalization rates and age-standardized rates in each of these areas. The three areas were compared using negative binomial regression analyses (unadjusted and adjusted models) to examine increases over time of hospitalization rates grouped by primary diagnosis (19 ICD chapters), with rate ratios serving to compare the within-area regression slopes between the areas.Results: The CSG area did not have significant increases in all-cause hospitalization rates over time for all-ages compared to the coal and rural study areas in adjusted models (RR: 1.02, 95 % CI: 1.00-1.04 as compared to the coal mining area; RR: 1.01, 95 % CI: 0.99-1.04 as compared to the rural area). While the CSG area did not show significant increases in specific hospitalization rates compared to both the coal mining and rural areas for any ICD chapters in the adjusted models, the CSG area showed increases in hospitalization rates compared only to the rural area for neoplasms (RR: 1.09, 95 % CI: 1.02-1.16) and blood/immune diseases (RR: 1.14, 95 % CI: 1.02-1.27).Conclusions: This exploratory study of all-age hospitalization rates for three study areas in Queensland suggests that certain hospital admissions rates increased more quickly in the CSG study area than in other study areas, particularly the rural area, after adjusting for key sociodemographic factors. These findings are an important first step in identifying potential health impacts of CSG in the Australian context and serve to generate hypotheses for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance based planning (PBP) is purported to be a viable alternative to traditional zoning. The implementation of PBP ranges between pure approaches that rely on predetermined quantifiable performance standards to determine land use suitability, and hybrid approaches that rely on a mix of activity based zones in addition to prescriptive and subjective standards. Jurisdictions in the USA, Australia and New Zealand have attempted this type of land use regulation with varying degrees of success. Despite the adoption of PBP legislation in these jurisdictions, this paper argues that a lack of extensive evaluation means that PBP is not well understood and the purported advantages of this type of planning are rarely achieved in practice. Few empirical studies have attempted to examine how PBP has been implemented in practice. In Queensland, Australia, the Integrated Planning Act 1997 (IPA) operated as Queensland's principal planning legislation between March 1998 and December 2009. While the IPA did not explicitly use the term performance based planning, the Queensland's planning system is widely considered to be performance based in practice. Significantly, the IPA prevented Local Government from prohibiting development or use and the term zone was absent from the legislation. How plan-making would be advanced under the new planning regime was not clear, and as a consequence local governments produced a variety of different plan-making approaches to comply with the new legislative regime. In order to analyse this variation the research has developed a performance adoption spectrum to classify plans ranging between pure and hybrid perspectives of PBP. The spectrum compares how land use was regulated in seventeen IPA plans 1 1 Called planning schemes in Queensland. across Queensland. The research found that hybrid plans predominated, and that over time a greater reliance on risk adverse drafting approaches created a quasi-prohibition plan, the exact opposite of what was intended by the IPA. This paper concludes that the drafting of the IPA and absence of plan-making guidance contributed to lack of shared understanding about the intended direction of the new planning system and resulted in many administrative interpretations of the legislation. It was a planning direction that tried too hard to be different, and as a result created a perception of land use risk and uncertainty that caused a return to more prescriptive and inflexible plan-making methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Education reform aimed at achieving improved student learning is a demanding challenge for leaders and managers at all levels of education across the globe. In 2010, the position of Assistant Regional Directors, School Performance (ARD-SP), was established to positively impact upon student learning across public schools in Queensland, Australia. The purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions of the role and leadership understandings of ARDs in Queensland in order to understand more fully the tensions and opportunities they face within this reasonably newly created position. Design/methodology/approach - This qualitative study is based on interviews with 18 ARDs and two of their supervisors to gauge a better understanding of the nature of the role as it relates to leadership and management in the Queensland context. Findings - Interview data revealed three key themes pertaining to the nature of the role and these were performance, supervision, and professional challenges. A key finding was that the notion of supervision was experienced as problematic for ARDs-SP. Research limitations/implications - This study has limitations and these include a sample that focused on ARDs within one State of Australia and one schooling system (i.e. public education); and interviews were the primary data collection source. Originality/value - Although there have been studies of supervisors of principals (referred to as superintendents, directors) in other countries and other systems, this study is a first to explore the tensions and opportunities faced by executive leaders in Queensland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraction of coal seam gas (CSG) produces large volumes of potentially contaminated water. It has raised concerns about the environmental health impacts of the co-produced CSG water. In this paper, we review CSG water contaminants and their potential health effects in the context of exposure pathways in Queensland’s CSG basins. The hazardous substances associated with CSG water in Queensland include fluoride, boron, lead and benzene. The exposure pathways for CSG water are (1) water used for municipal purposes; (2) recreational water activities in rivers; (3) occupational exposures; (4) water extracted from contaminated aquifers; and (5) indirect exposure through the food chain. We recommend mapping of exposure pathways into communities in CSG regions to determine the potentially exposed populations in Queensland. Future efforts to monitor chemicals of concern and consolidate them into a central database will build the necessary capability to undertake a much needed environmental health impact assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents a close reading of Australian local newspapersThe Queenslander, The Week, andThe Logan Witness. It argues that by representing triumph over local challenges these newspapers also constituted a late-nineteenth-century civilizing process. They played a vital role in generating community cohesion. Stability and civilization were represented to the target audience of families and entrepreneurs as ‘natural’ and appropriately embodied by colonizers. Embedding a sense of belonging established a ‘civilising (sic) goodness’ through disavowal of the displacement of indigenous peoples as familiar community practices were enacted. In this highly literate population newspapers, rather than books, provided local Australian content. A case study of the Lahey family, who arrived as South East Queensland became available for serious settlement in the early 1870s, personalizes the settlement ideology produced by local newspapers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper reviews the numbers of tropical cyclones in the Coral Sea and the landfalling cyclones that have impacted the east coast of Queensland since 1969, with particular emphasis on those of Category 4 strength and above since 2011. It suggests that an apparent trend of increasing strength may be emerging that is consistent with climate modelling based on numerical weather models, and with other more recent studies. Some proposed revisions to the Australian Standard for Wind Actions, AS/NZS 1170.2, resulting from this are also discussed; this includes for the first time in the Standard, a 'climate change multiplier'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes some features of public cyclone shelter design for tropical North Queensland Australia. These buildings are required to resist very high wind and windborne-debris speeds, in the context of apparently increasing numbers of very severe tropical cyclones affecting the Queensland coastline. An interesting aspect of the standard shelter design is the corner shaping and venting of the roof and walls, which are shown to significantly reduce the local wind pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on scope of public participation and stakeholder engagement in the coastal planning process in Queensland, Australia. The aim is to understand how conflicts among different resource users and associated political issues influence decisions surrounding coastal zone planning. Effectiveness of participation is assessed against relevant Integrated Coastal Zone Management governance criteria, using document analysis and semi-structured interviews of key stakeholders. Queensland's coastal planning framework has used participation approaches just to meet the legal requirement or circumvent stakeholders' dissent, rather than to foster a legitimate, transparent and active participation process for bringing the stakeholders into an authentic dialogue over complex coastal issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Queensland has been Australia's fastest growing state over the past 20 years. The rate and scale of development has intensified public debate around planning and sustainability in key areas such as transport infrastructure, housing affordability and economic growth and development. The Queensland Government is not coy about staking out an ambitious and competitive economic reform agenda at the state metro-regional or statutory levels. The most recent reform initiatives promote economic development through ‘planning for prosperity’ and the building of ‘a superior planning framework’ as a way of consolidating and promoting state interests. This paper focuses on the last two decades of planning reform initiatives in Queensland with particular reference to recent changes to theSustainable Planning Act 1999 (SPA)such as theState Assessment and Referral Agency (SARA) and the singleState Planning Policy (SPP). This procedural emphasis on red and green tape reduction, streamlining planning processes and the development of a one-stop shop sits alongside a collaborative ambition at the metro-regional scale through initiatives such as theSouth East Queensland Regional Plan (SEQRP)as a means of better facilitating sustainable planning reform – not rhetoric – in Queensland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In Australia where the economic benefits of minerals resources development accrue at the national and regional levels, it is farming communities that are at the forefront of the challenges resulting from competing land use. This paper maps the mental health impacts on a farming community in the Clarence-Moreton coal basin, QLD, after a minerals development proposal was announced. Methods: An exploratory study was conducted using an interpretive approach based on semi-structured interviews within a case study design. Results: A thematic account of existing and anticipated mental health impacts of minerals development on this community has two primary themes: Psychological stress experienced by the farmers; and tensions within the community. Conclusions: In addition to the long-term and increasing pressures on Australian farmers and a developing knowledge of the mental health risks they face, this study reveals a comparatively new source of psychological stress - the impacts from the announcement of a mining development proposal. The pre-development impacts that occurred in the Felton Valley resemble those known to occur with the announcement of large scale developments. There is opportunity therefore for such impacts to be anticipated, prepared for and resources set aside, with which to assist communities and individuals whose lives are adversely affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an historical archaeological examination of the socioeconomic relations of the Chinese and European communities of Cooktown in north Queensland during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It looks at the social landscape and production, exchange and consumption of material culture to show that the Chinese were not a disengaged group, as depicted in conventional understandings of colonial life, but integral to the town's socioeconomic fabric. This close relationship arose out of a process of negotiation between Chinese and Europeans which responded to the strengths, weaknesses and resources of their individual business networks, and the particular conditions of Cooktown's frontier environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mount Shamrock township was one of the earliest gold mining towns in the Upper Burnett district of Queensland, Australia. A study of the township and associated industrial area demonstrates the integration of town and mine in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This paper examines the relative permanence of the mining settlement and reveals a multifaceted landscape influenced not only by miners but by the women, children and other non-mining residents operating within distinct social and administrative frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant level of convective storm activity occurred in southeast Queensland during the period 16 to 20 November 2008. The various storm systems caused widespread damage to housing in many parts of Brisbane, although the peak gust wind speeds were estimated to be less than the current design wind speed for the city. Surveys of damage indicated that housing built post-1980 performed better than older housing, when building regulations were less stringent. Detailed inspections of damage showed that failures could be attributed to inadequate construction details, either built poorly or, for contemporary housing, not built in accordance with current requirements. The paper summarises some anomalies, and recommends improvement in design standards, codes and procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined the methods and frequency of professional supervision in Queensland's work rehabilitation sector. Professional supervision is regarded as an important aspect of professional development and hence, critical to the improvement of services delivered by practitioners. However, there is little documented on the extent of supervision of practitioners in this setting and even less on the impact and effectiveness of supervision. Participants: Eighty-two (82) work rehabilitation professionals participated in the study. Methods: The majority of participants (76) responded to a web-based survey that had been sent to them by a web-link, and 6 completed a paper based survey version of the survey, which evaluated the extent, practice methods, and barriers to the delivery and receipt of supervision. A follow-up focus group was held with key opinion holders to examine possible barriers to supervision in the industry. Results: 59% of the participants had not received any form of supervision in the past two years. Those who received or delivered supervision reported it to be a valuable practice. The follow-up focus group identified barriers to supervision as being pressures of commercial targets, lack of exposure to work rehabilitation in university curricula, high staff turn-over, relative inexperience of case managers and purchasers dictating product outcomes. Conclusions: The development of industry standards for supervision practice is recommended to overcome the barriers to supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper does two things. Firstly, it examines the literature that coalesces around theoretical models of teacher professional development (PD) within a professional learning community (PLC). Secondly, these models are used to analyse support provided to two year 3 teachers, while implementing the draft Queensland mathematics syllabus. The findings from this study suggest that the development of this small PLC extended the teachers' Zone of Enactment which in turn led to teacher action and reflection. This was demonstrated by the teachers leading their own learning as well as that of their students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, exists as remnant natural populations in two rivers of south-east Queensland, Australia, and several translocated populations. Lungfish habitats have been impacted by agriculture and forestry, alien plants and fish and by river impoundment and regulation of flows. The species has been listed as vulnerable under Australian Commonwealth legislation. A proposal to construct Traveston Crossing Dam on the free-flowing main channel of the upper Mary River could seriously threaten the lungfish. The dam can be stopped by Commonwealth legislation if important populations of lungfish in the Mary River are likely to be significantly impacted by the new dam. This paper assembles evidence that impoundment of the Mary River and regulation of river flows are likely to decrease and fragment important lungfish populations, disrupt the breeding cycle, reduce juvenile recruitment, and isolate and decrease habitat availability/quality to such an extent that the species is likely to decline. Proposed mitigation strategies include fish transfer facilities, provision of flow releases from the dam (environmental flows) to sustain lungfish habitat and breeding downstream, and translocation of hatchery-reared juvenile lungfish into suitable natural habitats. These mitigation efforts may not be sufficient to secure the genetic diversity and long-term viability of lungfish populations in the Mary River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women from the Philippines constitute one of the largest groups of female immigrants from Asia to Australia. Most women migrate to marry Australian men or to join Australian husbands. Research has tended to view Filipinas' health in Australia as intrinsically linked to their marriages rather than to the characteristics of the society in which they now live. Focus on cross-cultural marriages has tended to deny the impact of structural factors, such as non-recognition of educational qualifications, on the adaptation of women to life in Australia. This paper explores the impact of immigration experience, employment, social support, relationship issues and use of health services on the health and well-being of 482 Philippines-born women in the state of Queensland. Socio-economic issues emerged as major determinants of women's well-being and satisfaction with life in Australia. Reducing inequities in employment and overcoming logistical barriers to service access may be the most effective ways of improving the health and well-being of Filipinas in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undifferentiated febrile diseases (e.g., Mossman fever) from northern Queensland were eventually partially attributed to mite‐transmitted rickettsial infections known as scrub typhus or tsutsugamushi fever. Scrub typhus became a major medical threat to military operations in Papua New Guinea during the Second World War and killed more Australian soldiers than malaria in the pre‐antibiotic era. Further investigations showed scrub typhus to be an occupational disease of rural workers in north Queensland especially around Cairns and Innisfail. Occasional small epidemics of scrub typhus still occur during military exercises in Queensland, but as scrub typhus is not a reportable disease, its presence in the civilian community is largely unknown. Increased use of serological testing in patients with fever and rash illnesses after exposure in northern Queensland is likely to show that scrub typhus is a modern infection that remains treatable with antibiotics once it is identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizens' attitudes towards and their perceptions of climate change are widely believed to influence citizens' actions related to climate change. Knowledge of these attitudes and willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental improvement can be useful in designing an environmental policy. Although citizens' attitudes and perceptions are likely to affect their WTP, they are rarely included in the non-market valuation. Furthermore, over time, attitudes and perceptions of environmental issues are likely to change. An understanding of temporal stability of attitudes towards climate change could shed the light on changes in citizens' WTP for environmental quality over time. This study examined changes in perceptions, attitudes, and actions towards climate change using two surveys in Queensland, Australia. The surveys were administered 10 years apart (2009 and 2018). The effect of attitudes over time on WTP was analysed using a contingent valuation (CV) method. The results confirmed that attitudes and perceptions of climate change were important factors affecting actions of respondents. Furthermore, over time, some attitudes and perceptions changed significantly. However, only some attitudes and perceptions were significant predictors of consumers' WTP for a change in environmental quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are dangerous and destructive natural hazards that impact population, infrastructure, and the environment. TCs are multi-hazardous severe weather phenomena; they produce damaging winds, storm surges, and torrential rain that can lead to flooding. Identifying regions most at risk to TC impacts assists with improving preparedness and resilience of communities. This study presents results of TC multi-hazard risk assessment and mapping for Queensland (QLD), Australia. Datasets from Global Assessment Report (GAR) Atlas were used to evaluate TC hazards. Data for exposure and vulnerability of population, infrastructure and the environment were sourced from agencies such as the Australian Bureau of Statistics. TC hazards of storm surges, floods, and winds were analysed individually. Combining risk indices for TC hazards, exposure and vulnerability, overall TC risk index was derived. TC multi-hazard risk maps were produced at the Local Government Area level using ArcGIS, and regions with higher risk of being impacted by TCs were identified. The developed TC multi-hazard risk maps provide disaster risk management offices with comprehensive comparative TC risk profile of QLD that can be used to proactively manage TC risk at the subnational scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Survival following a traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) remains poor despite research focused on specific management and guideline adaptation. Previous research has identified factors including age, arresting rhythm, injury severity and distance from hospital to be associated with prehospital TCA outcomes. The present study aimed to review the local incidence of TCA to inform local practice within a mature trauma system. Methods: A retrospective trauma database review from 2008 to 2021 was conducted at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital. Patients were categorised by prehospital and in‐hospital arrest, prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and year in relation to TCA management protocol changes. Descriptive comparative analysis was performed with the primary outcome of interest being survival to hospital discharge. Results: Survival to hospital discharge was similar in patients in whom TCA occurred in the prehospital environment and hospital (24 vs 29%). Mechanism of injury, response to intervention and location of cardiac arrest were important outcome associations. Patients with a positive focused assessment with sonography in trauma scan were less likely to achieve ROSC but more likely to survive to discharge. The frequency of prehospital interventions remained similar after the guideline changes; with more patients arriving to the hospital with improved haemodynamic parameters and increased survival. Conclusions: These results support the identification and immediate management of TCA. No patients survived if they did not achieve ROSC by hospital arrival, questioning the role for aggressive management beyond the ED in this cohort. Future research will focus on the identification of patients with potentially positive survival outcomes and further define futile intervention factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Police officers are amongst the strongest believers in the lunar hypothesis—the belief that the full moon affects human behaviour, yet most research fails to support this proposition. This paper examined eight years of calls for service data from a large metropolitan policing district in Brisbane, Australia. Between 2004 and 2011 data from more than 908,000 service calls were examined to determine if police received more requests for service during the full moon. The study found no support for the lunar hypothesis. It concluded that there was no statistically significant relationship between calls for service and the full moon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]