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This journal article delves into the evolution and implications of human capital (HC) beyond traditional economic perspectives, expanding its relevance to management and human resource management. The study identifies limitations in the prevailing economic-centric viewpoint, focusing on skills, abilities, measurement, and economic growth. Introducing a novel framework that integrates insights from psychology and management studies, it emphasizes organizational capital as a distinctive element. The methodology employs theoretical research, scientific abstraction, and comparative analysis, consulting various databases. Tracing HC's historical roots from Adam Smith to the 1960s economists, the article explores its transition to human resource management in the 1990s, emphasizing intellectual, social, and organizational capital. It extends HC theory to the hospitality industry, highlighting its impact on service quality and organizational performance. The paper concludes by advocating for more integrated frameworks in comprehending and managing HC in contemporary organizations, recognizing its multifaceted nature and significance for organizational success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to determine whether there is a relationship between intellectual capital and social capital and internal control weaknesses and assess the relationship between the variables of intellectual capital and social capital and internal control weaknesses. Design/methodology/approach: The statistical population consists of 1,309 firm-year observations from 2014 to 2020. The research hypothesis is tested using statistical methods, including multivariate, least-squares and fixed-effects regression. Findings: The results demonstrate a negative and significant relationship between intellectual capital, social capital and internal control weaknesses. The study also finds that increased intellectual and social capital quality improves human resource utilization, control mechanism, creativity and firm performance. The results also show that intellectual capital and social capital enhancement will reduce internal control weaknesses in the upcoming years. Originality/value: This paper is the pioneer study on the relationship between intellectual capital and social capital and internal control weaknesses in Iran, carried out separately and in exploratory factor analysis. This paper considers intellectual capital components for theoretical factor analysis, including human capital, structural capital and customer capital. Internal control weakness is assessed based on financial, non-financial and information technology (IT) weaknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women entrepreneurs are promoted to adopt digital technology as a means of enhancing business performance. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the impact of human, social, financial, physical, and intellectual capital on digital technology adoption among women entrepreneurs. A quantitative method is used with an associative type across various business sectors in East Java Province, Indonesia. Furthermore, the sample is selected by purposive sampling with a total of 268 individuals. Data collection is carried out through a questionnaire, while the analysis is performed using PLS-SEM. The results show that human, financial, physical, and intellectual capital have a positive and significant influence on the adoption of digital technology among women entrepreneurs. However, only social capital reports an insignificant influence. Among the examined variables, intellectual capital plays the most crucial role in adopting digital technology. This research provides theoretical and practical implications for women entrepreneurs and the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between the three dimensions of intellectual capital (IC), i.e. human, social and organizational, and supply chain resilience (SCR) through testing a primary (mediation) and competing (moderation) model. Design/methodology/approach: Structural equation modelling and regression analysis were used to test the mediation and moderation models using survey data from Chinese manufacturers. Findings: Dual processes in which human, social and organizational capitals build SCR are revealed: all three IC components act as knowledge stocks for informing each other, and both organizational and social capitals act as intervention mechanisms that draw knowledge resided within individuals and collectively deploy/enrich such knowledge for responding to supply chain disruptions. Practical implications: The empirical results provide useful and timely guidance to managers on how to leverage knowledge resources to develop resilience, which is particularly valuable in the current volatile environment. Originality/value: By empirically testing both the mediation and moderation models, this study provides crucial evidence for advancing the understanding of how the three IC components may be managed to achieve SCR, which is of critical importance for addressing the many unprecedented disruptions facing global supply chains and economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign-born scholars can accumulate and/or utilise their intellectual capital (IC) through intellectual migration. IC is a combination of transferrable human, cultural, and social capital. While IC has been conceptualised, no known studies have measured it. As foreign-born scholars often develop academic networks that transcend geographical and ethnic boundaries, their IC should not be simplified as a single scale. Adopting the ego-centric network analysis method, this study proposes an approach to quantify foreign-born scholars' IC based on their co-author network. This approach includes a group of measures to capture IC within and between different geographic and ethnic contexts. Based on the co-authorship data collected among China-born scholars at a public research university in the U.S., this study examines how their IC levels evolve over time, differ between younger- and older-generation scholars, and whether they are influenced by where one receives a PhD degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Drawing upon social capital theory, this research aims to explore the influence of three dimensions of green intellectual capital (GIC) (i.e. green human capital [GHC], green structural capital and green relational capital) on green supply chain integration (GSCI) (i.e. green supplier, internal and customer integration), and the mediating effect of supply chain transformational leadership (SCTL). Design/methodology/approach: To verify the hypothesized relationships, the authors conduct hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrapping method with two-waved survey data collected from 317 Chinese manufacturing firms. Findings: The findings suggest that both green structural and relational capital positively influence three dimensions of GSCI, while GHC only positively affects green internal and customer integration. In addition, SCTL mediates the impacts of green structural and relational capital on three dimensions of GSCI and mediates the impacts of GHC on green supplier and internal integration. Originality/value: This research contributes to the GSCI literature and practice by deeming GIC as an intangible resource that can enhance GSCI and revealing the mediating role of SCTL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inter-organisational knowledge sharing (IOKS) between airport security organisations has become increasingly vital to maintain the highest standards of security and public safety. Failure to share knowledge between agencies can lead to the loss of critical knowledge to combat crime and terror and impede broad access to critical knowledge. Social media has become a source of significant disruptive impact on traditional knowledge management systems. The purpose of this research is to investigate IOKS in social media between key organisations in policing and airport security. Data from social network and qualitative interviews contribute insights into IOKS in social media and the impact on intellectual capital. The findings reveal the structural characteristics of knowledge sharing in social media. Knowledge sharing was frequent, informational and unidirectional focused around communities of interest. Preliminary results suggest that social media can realise significant benefits but is constrained by perceived risks and cultural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effect of high-performance work systems on developing incremental and radical innovation capabilities. Drawing on resource-based and knowledge-based theories, the mediating effects of human capital, social capital, and organizational capital were tested. Data were collected from 233 middle-to-senior level managers working in the banking sector of Pakistan, and hypotheses were tested through partial least squares structural equation modeling using Smart PLS 4.0. The findings showed that all components of intellectual capital mediated the relationship to develop both types of innovation capabilities. In terms of the strength of the relationship, social capital was found to be a more effective mediator, and next to this were human capital and organizational capital, respectively. Our findings contribute to the existing literature by explaining the relationship between HPWS and innovation capabilities, which is also referred to as the black box through the mediation of intellectual capital. Decision makers should recognize the importance of this relationship because it develops innovation capabilities that enhance organizational performance by giving them a competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the effect of intellectual capital on the performance of UMKM tempe craftsmen in Sukabumi City. The intellectual capital measurement uses four sub-variables, namely social capital, customer capital, human capital, and technology capital, while the performance of MSMEs is measured using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The population in this study was all Tempe craftsmen SMEs who are members of the Tempe Producers Association in Sukabumi City. We used a sampling technique called saturated sampling. The data analysis technique used in this study was multiple linear regression using SPSS as a data processing tool. The findings of this study indicate that social capital and technological capital have no significant effect on the performance of SMEs. Customer capital and human capital have a significant positive effect on MSME performance. While social capital, customer capital, human capital, and technology capital all impact the performance of UMKM tempe craftsmen in Sukabumi City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article puts forward a position according to which the achievement of effective innovation management is ensured by the balanced development of human, social, reputational and digital capital, leading to the formation of innovative capital. The relevance of the study is due to the global challenge of our time, which consists in the fact that an effective strategy for managing innovation and developing innovative capital is the basis for the formation of competitive advantages of national economies and firms. The aim of the research is to develop an integrated model of intellectual capital, which forms an up-to-date idea of its structure and clarifies the relationship between its components. The developed integrated model of intellectual capital substantiates the need to implement the integrated management of social, reputational, digital and innovative capital for the purpose of innovative development in modern conditions. The article reveals the mutual influence of human, social, reputational and innovative capital, as well as the formation of network human capital on this basis. As the main methodological principles and methods for studying innovative capital and other types of intangible capital as endogenous factors in managing innovative development, it is proposed to use the concepts of intellectual, social and reputational capital, the concepts of digital transformation and the principles of creating a creative environment. The integration of the methods of scientific knowledge used in these theories makes it possible to develop the concept of innovative capital. The subject of the study is the organizational and economic relations that arise in the process of interaction of social, reputational and digital human capital as components of network human capital, leading to the development of innovative capital. The novelty of the research lies in the developed model of connections between intellectual, human, social, reputational, digital capital and innovation capital. The authors substantiate the position according to which the traditional structure of intellectual capital hides the direct impact of human capital on other components of intellectual capital. As a basic element of intellectual capital, human capital not only plays an important role in the development and creation of new ideas and knowledge; it also promotes the development of social capital and the exchange of knowledge and ideas. The main conclusions of the work include: organizations with more developed human capital, participating in social networks and led by innovative leaders, adapt faster to the challenges of the innovative environment; invest in the formation of new skills and competencies of employees, which generates opportunities for the creation and implementation of large-scale innovations, the accelerated promotion of which is facilitated by the use of new network and digital technologies for the innovative development of the economy. The developed integrated model of intellectual capital is aimed at forming an actual representation of its structure and clarifies the relationship between its components. The results obtained are of great importance for practical management in the context of managing the innovative development of an organization.

There is a shortage of research investigating the link between employee development practices and intellectual capital as mediated by knowledge management. The aim of the current research was to consider the influence of employee development practices on intellectual capital through knowledge management. Data were collected through an instrument distributed to a sample of 464 employees working at information and communications technology companies. The results indicate that employee development practices had significant effects on human capital, knowledge management, and social capital. The results reveal that knowledge management had a significant effect on human capital but not on social capital. Finally, the results show that knowledge management significantly mediated the impact of employee development practices on human capital. Additionally, implications for intellectual capital development, organizational strategy, and academic research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate whether intellectual capital (IC) impacts the performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs). This study also attempted to uncover the effect of microfinance institution specification (banks or non-banks) as a moderating variable in the association between intellectual capital and MFIs performance. There were 300 respondents, however, only 156 managers answered the structured questionnaires that were sent out using the purposive sample technique. The partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the research model in this study. The findings show that human capital and structural capital have a favorable impact on MFI performance. This influence, however, does not extend to the MFIs' customer capital and social capital. Furthermore, the research model can explain 59.9 percent of the significant variance in MFI performance. This study contributes to the theoretical expansion of the resource-based view (RBV) in forecasting the MFIs success. The framework suggested in this study can be used as a reference to assist MFIs management in selecting relevant intellectual capital aspects to improve Malaysian MFIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The term "social innovation" refers to interorganizational activity ostensibly designed to address environmental issues. Green intellectual capital (IC) has been considered to be a vitally important mechanism for companies to move towards green production. By adopting the Intellectual capital-based view (ICV) as the underpinning theory, this study aims to investigate the green intellectual capital and social innovation tie-up. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative research approach was adopted in this study. The mail survey was used to collect data from managers of 509 manufacturing units operating in J&K, India. The study model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings: Based on the SEM results, the key factors that significantly influence social innovation were green human capital and green structural capital. The results also posited that green relational capital was not significantly related to social innovation. Originality/value: As revealed by the existing literature, no similar work has been done yet. Therefore, this study's originality lies in its exploration of green intellectual capital (IC) and social innovation interplay in an environmentally sensitive sector, manufacturing. Besides, this study offers insights to academics and practitioners in the manufacturing sector, especially in emerging economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Global Journal of Economics & Business is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

European regions are facing many important challenges, as the need to recover from the pandemic coincides with the need to carry out the green and digital transitions foreseen in the European Green Deal, making the task harder, especially for less-developed regions. The paper considers making use of regional intellectual capital in the context of smart specialisation strategies (S3) as the most effective way to address these challenges and achieve smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. This is viewed through a closer look at two specific cases of Greek regions that are behind the EU mean in terms of development and innovation: Central Macedonia and Western Macedonia. Development trends, available intellectual capital and current smart specialisation strategies in these regions are examined. These result in concrete, evidence-based suggestions on how they can make maximum use of intellectual capital for the next generation of smart specialisation strategies to achieve growth via a focus on more innovative and sustainable activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to investigate intellectual capital as a driver of technological innovation considering the industrial revolution in Russia's transportation sector. The study was driven by the recent technological advancements in Russia's transportation industry and the huge economic importance of the sector to the economy, showing the need to understand the progress achieved in the sector. The study was carried out using primary data collected from respondents in managerial positions in firms operating in the transportation sector. A total of 455 respondents were used, and data were collected using a structured closed-ended questionnaire. The fields of intellectual capital considered were structural, social, human, and relational capital. The model was evaluated using CFA, reliability, and validity tests, while the study hypotheses were tested using SEM. The results reveal that structural capital, social capital, human capital, and relational capital have a significant and positive influence on technological innovation in Russia's transportation sector. Human and social capital was found to have the largest effect. The study recommends that, for firms to implement technological innovation, they should consider human capital, such as specialized knowledge, skills, expertise, experiences, and abilities embedded within organizations personnel, and social capital, such as effective communication, the laid down mechanisms of coordination and communications within the organization, human ties, trust, and relationships. They should also improve their absorptive technology capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the role of intellectual capital in innovative economic growth within the knowledge economy. To this end, the essence of social capital phenomena, one of the modern concepts of human capital and institutional economy, which are the main components of intellectual capital, is explained, as well as the impact of research and development activities on economic growth, one of the main indicators of scientific development

Recent studies have increasingly suggested leadership as a major antecedent to corporate social responsibility (CSR), empirical studies, which investigated the influence of various leadership aspects such as style and ethics on CSR and unraveled the mechanism through which leadership exerts its impact on CSR were restricted. Thus, the purpose of this research was to study the relationship between CEO ethical leadership and CSR by focusing on the mediating role of ethical culture and the intellectual capital facets (human capital and social capital) of the organization. Data for current research were collected through personally administered questionnaire through survey. Based on a sample of 250 respondents, the current study instituted that CEO ethical leadership positively affected CSR. Intellectual capital facets (human and social) and organizational ethical culture were observed to have a mediating effect on CEO ethical leadership and CSR relationship. Practical implications of the results are also given in the current study. Moreover, study limitations and directions for future study have also been presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, there have been an increasing number of studies which converge on the idea that investments in human capital (HC) contribute positively to a company’s bottom line. This has given rise to HC Management as a key strategic focus of organisations seeking to achieve and maintain competitive advantage. Arguably, HC Metrics are now considered just as important as financial returns; with the value of the human capital increasing as the organisation builds up its stock and flow of knowledge. There are a host of theorists who identify the concept and context of HC with varying degrees of relatedness and overlap regarding its key components. Undeniably, there is some amount of dissensus around the relationship between human capital and intellectual capital, as well as contending issues about whether social capital is a part of, competing with or complementing HC. Therefore, this study seeks to distil the essence from this debate to determine the most critical dimensional elements of HC, that drive and improve organisational value [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the application of the basic conceptual provisions and theories in the process of formation and reproduction of intellectual capital in the modern practice of ensuring the competitiveness of domestic machine-building enterprises. The economic content, purpose and forms of the process of development of intellectual capital in relation to human capital are revealed. The scientific approaches to the theory of intellectual capital are analyzed, on the basis of which the basic mechanisms of processes of formation and reproduction of intellectual capital of modern machine-building enterprises are theoretically substantiated. Theories of human and intellectual capital are considered, their systematization is given. Essential characteristics of retention and transformation of intellectual capital are summarized and critically analyzed in order to identify potential growth opportunities for further economic development in line with the innovation paradigm. The influence of human and knowledge on the transformation of intellectual capital is revealed. The current state is investigated and features of formation and reproduction of intellectual capital at the enterprises of machine-building complex of Ukraine are revealed. The content of the concept of “intellectual capital of the enterprise” is clarified, the author's interpretation of the main components of the intellectual capital of the enterprise, which directly contribute to the increase of competitiveness, is given. The issue of management of intellectual capital of domestic machine-building enterprises is discussed. A number of problems that directly affect the formation and reproduction of intellectual capital in machine building of Ukraine are identified. The development of intellectual capital at the enterprise level significantly increases their competitiveness, allowing to find new opportunities to gain market. Strengthening the role of intellectual resources in the development of competitiveness of the enterprise in the knowledge economy has led to a change in conditions and ways of creating value added: knowledge, skills of human resources (human capital), organizational and managerial abilities of the enterprise, its competences (structural capital) have become the main factors creating new value and actually synthesizing the emergence of intellectual capital, which can be seen as a key element of enterprise competitiveness, more precisely an element, which shapes the potential competitiveness of the enterprise. The potential of development of competitiveness of the enterprise lies in the field of formation of its intellectual capital. The higher the intellectual capital, the higher the potential competitiveness of the enterprise. Hence, more and more often, valuation of intangible assets (components of intellectual capital), such as technological assets, business strategy, corporate culture, client capital (relationship capital), reputational capital, brand equity, etc., comes to the fore when assessing the market value of the enterprise.

Purpose: While prior research suggests that human resource management (HRM) practices are crucial drivers of a firms' intellectual capital, few studies have tried to deconstruct this relationship and investigate how HRM practices specifically affect intellectual capital resources. Furthermore, prior research treated this relationship as universal and rarely tried to introduce important contingent factors that may alter the mechanisms involved in how HRM practices influence firms' intellectual capital. In this study, the authors examine the relationships between the ability-, motivation- and opportunity-enhancing dimensions of HRM systems and human, social and structural capital and investigate how companies' codification and personalization knowledge management (KM) strategies may alter these relationships. Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected using a telephone survey of 215 knowledge-intensive companies operating in Russia. The paper utilizes partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS–SEM) to evaluate the measurement model and test hypothesized relationships. Findings: The findings indicate positive relationships between ability-enhancing practices and firms' human capital between motivation-enhancing practices and firms' human and social capital and between opportunity-enhancing practices and firms' social and structural capital. The authors' results reveal the limited moderating role of KM strategies in the relationships between HRM and intellectual capital. While a personalization strategy had no impact on any of the proposed relationships, a codification strategy positively moderated the relationship between opportunity-enhancing HRM practices and firms' structural capital. Originality/value: The study expands the debates in strategic HRM literature by looking "inside" the HRM–intellectual capital relationship. Additionally, the authors' findings reveal the complexity of the contingent effect that KM strategies of codification and personalization have on the relationship between HRM practices and intellectual capital. Although some of the relationships were not moderated by the KM strategy of the firm, the HRM–intellectual capital relationship cannot be considered fully universal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Recent research studies have increasingly suggested leadership as a major antecedent to encourage innovative work behavior among business employees. Empirical studies which investigated the influence of various leadership aspects such as style and ethics on employees' innovative performance and unraveled the mechanism through which leadership exerts its impact on employees' innovative work behavior were restricted. Thus, the purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between ethical leadership and employees' innovative performance by focusing on the mediating role of two forms of the intellectual capital (IC), i.e. human capital and social capital. Design/methodology/approach: Data for present research were collected through in person administered questionnaire-based survey from the managerial level employees of the targeted sample of the manufacturing firms. Furthermore, due consideration was given while selecting the individuals from R&D departments of these organizations, who were typically involved in knowledge-intensive jobs and where application of intellectual assets was needed. Findings: Ethical leadership was observed as to positively influencing employees' innovative performance. Two forms of IC, i.e. human capital and social capital were observed as playing mediating role in the ethical leadership – employees' innovative performance relationship. Originality/value: The contemporary research study adds value in the literature of the ethical leadership. The most imperative theoretical contribution of the present research study underlines the psychological process, i.e. IC by which ethical leaders encourage innovative behavior among employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of strategic potential for development strategy aimed at the effective use of synthesized capital is fundamental to solving the urgent problems of increasing the well-being of the population and promoting economic growth. Given the analysis of existing approaches on the principles of consistency and complicity, a system of indicators was developed to assess the components of the region’s strategic potential: investment capital, innovation capital, infrastructural capital, entrepreneurial capital, ecological capital has been developed. The author proposed groups of indicators of human capital, intellectual capital and social capital of the synthesized capital that directly affect the identification of territorial capabilities and allow to create an effective development strategy. Using these indicators, it is possible to carry out component-wise and overall assessment of strategic potential in the effective use of synthesized capital of the region. The author’s methodology of strategic potential analysis is proposed, which can be used to assess the strategic potential of the region and to determine the effectiveness of using the resource support of socio-economic system. Region’s strategic component objective assessment presupposes evaluation in dynamics and under the conditions of capacity buildup. Region’s strategic potential development is based on the dynamic evaluation of strategic potential. For the justification of forecast data for groups of indicators of strategic potential for future periods it is possible to use modern software products that allow using methods of econometric analysis to process statistics and predict them based on given sample

The purpose of this research is to investigate intellectual capital as a driver of technological innovation considering the industrial revolution in Russia’s transportation sector. The study was driven by the recent technological advancements in Russia’s transportation industry and the huge economic importance of the sector to the economy, showing the need to understand the progress achieved in the sector. The study was carried out using primary data collected from respondents in managerial positions in firms operating in the transportation sector. A total of 455 respondents were used, and data were collected using a structured closed-ended questionnaire. The fields of intellectual capital considered were structural, social, human, and relational capital. The model was evaluated using CFA, reliability, and validity tests, while the study hypotheses were tested using SEM. The results reveal that structural capital, social capital, human capital, and relational capital have a significant and positive influence on technological innovation in Russia’s transportation sector. Human and social capital was found to have the largest effect. The study recommends that, for firms to implement technological innovation, they should consider human capital, such as specialized knowledge, skills, expertise, experiences, and abilities embedded within organizations personnel, and social capital, such as effective communication, the laid down mechanisms of coordination and communications within the organization, human ties, trust, and relationships. They should also improve their absorptive technology capacity.

Purpose: This study examines whether inclusion values predict organizational outcomes through mediating effects of inclusive HR practices and investigates whether intellectual (human and social) capital serves as a contingency variable in moderating the relationship between practices and outcomes. Design/methodology/approach: Organizational-level data were collected from 79 senior-level executives. Hypotheses were examined via regression analyses and the product-of-coefficients approach was used to test for indirect and conditional indirect effects. Findings: This study found a positive relationship between inclusion values and inclusive HR practices and between inclusive HR practices and organization-level outcomes. Inclusive HR practices mediated the relationship between values and outcomes and intellectual capital moderated the relationship between practices and outcomes, such that inclusive HR practices played a greater role in augmenting outcomes for organizations with lower intellectual capital. Practical implications: Alignment of inclusion values and inclusive HR practices is important for organizational effectiveness, and inclusive HR practices are likely to play a particularly important role when an organization is relatively weak in intellectual capital. Originality/value: This paper broadens the inclusion literature by using a macro-level lens to understand how organizational inclusion values and practices may relate to organizational outcomes. It also shows the importance of intellectual capital as a contextual variable in the inclusion practice to outcome relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this study, the authors employ an intellectual-capital based view of the firm to examine the relationship between three bundles of human resource development (HRD) practices (i.e. developmental, constructive and collaborative HRD practices), three dimensions of intellectual capital (i.e. human capital, organizational capital and social capital), and organizational performance improvements. Specifically, the authors investigate the mediating role of intellectual capital in the relationship between HRD practices and changes in organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach: The authors randomly distributed questionnaires to 1,000 HR executives of Taiwanese firms to assess the firms' HRD practices and intellectual capital. Firm performance data in terms of return on assets (ROA) were obtained from the Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ). To test the model, the authors used the longitudinal data over three years from 213 firms in Taiwan. Findings: The results show that human capital and social capital mediate the relationship between HRD practices (i.e. developmental and collaborative HRD practices) and organizational performance improvements in terms of return-on-assets growth. Originality/value: This study adds to the empirical evidence regarding whether or not investment in HRD practices can lead to positive changes in financial performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of intellectual capital on firm performance is one of the key aspects of strategic management. This is particularly crucial for firms in the high-tech or service sectors. Intellectual capital dimensions, including human, organisational and social capital, are key to developing outstanding performance. From a strategic management perspective, there are still debates on the interrelationships between these dimensions, and on the moderating role of environmental uncertainty on their impacts on performance. In the context of an unstable environment like Vietnam, this study involved a survey of 350 information communication technology (ICT) firm’s directors and managers, which was used to analyse the impacts of intellectual capital dimensions on firm performance, the indirect effects of organisational capital on performance via human and social capital, and the moderating role of environmental uncertainty. Findings indicate that all dimensions of intellectual capital had direct impacts on firm performance. In addition, we found that the human and social capital mediated significantly the relationship between firm performance and organisational capital, and the environmental uncertainty moderated significantly the relationship between intellectual capital dimensions and firm performance.

The role of intellectual capital as a developmental factor has been constantly growing in both private and public sectors. World literature presents a variety of models for intellectual capital (IC) measurement, but so far IC in local government units such as counties (2nd tier local government unit in Poland) has been non-recognized. The purpose of this paper is to fill in this gap. The authors propose an original IC measurement concept developed on the basis of already existing models. The model was created following an analysis of the results of studies performed in local government units (counties) in Poland. The authors are of the opinion that the model can be used for developing IC measurement models for local government units in other countries

The publication is aimed at researching the role of the social form of wealth and its constituents in the development potential of modern macroeconomic systems. The essence of social wealth has been disclosed and the concept of «social form of wealth» has been defined. The ability of social capital to promote materialization of the potential reserves of development of society is characterized, that is caused by its productive value when it develops itself and develops possibilities of increase of other forms of wealth in certain combinations. The ability of social capital to be integrated into a reproduced process at almost any stage of the latter has been determined. Presence of a controversy between the traditional capitalist way of production of wealth (with a focus on the growth of private wealth corporations) and post-industrial (which in practice is manifested in the asymmetry of information) has been proved. It has been determined that the social capital is considered as an individual property of everyone, which, however, can become a public (collective) resource in whole or in part. The importance of the carried out research is an improvement of theoretical approaches to understanding how the volume of social wealth, accumulated by macroeconomic systems, impacts economic-social development. Prospects for further research are an in-depth study of the relationship between the social wealth of macroeconomic systems and the volume of their wealth.

Intellectual capital has been grabbed the attention of researchers due to its momentous role in sustainable competitive advantage and organizational success. There is a growing catalog of related assessments, publications and reviews that display the direct and indirect role of intellectual capital in business success and profitability. Despite the bourgeoning literature, studies have not yet unleashed the influence of each dimension of intellectual capital; human capital, structural capital and customer capital on SMEs' efficiency with financial resources as a moderator. The present study fills the gap and assesses if financial resources strengthen the paths between the dimensions of intellectual capital and SMEs' efficiency. A survey method was used and collected evidence from 264 Chinese SMEs. The findings exhibit that human capital directly enhances SMEs' efficiency but the presence of financial resources as a moderator weakens the influence. However, social capital and customer capital do not directly improve SMEs' efficiency but financial resources reinforce the paths social and customer capital and SMEs efficiency. This research recommends that owners and managers of SMEs need to use their financial resources complementary with structural and customer capital while human capital should be used exclusively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The aim of the present research paper is to enrich the achievements of science through a description of a theoretical-methodological approach to measuring the national intellectual capital (NIC) along with its application in the evaluation of the European Union countries (2015). Research method - The synthetic indicator, describing the intellectual capital of the EU countries was quantified by using the TOPSIS method. The year 2015 is the study period. Results - The estimation results confirm the diversity of the intellectual capital level in the 28 countries of the EU. The highest index value applies to Sweden. Romania takes the last - 28th place and belongs to the fourth typological group with a very low potential of intellectual capital. Originality/value / implications/recommendations - The new perspective on defining and taxonomy of intellectual capital (including ecological capital) is a kind of novum in this area. As a result, the elaborated ranking of the EU countries provides a new, wider perspective on the intellectual capital issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hebron University Research Journal (Humanities) is the property of Hebron University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the contemporary era, the scandals of business leaders have shaken the trust and belief of stakeholders in corporate as well as in public sector organizations. The practitioners and scholars are progressively concerned about moral concerns associated with businesses, however, empirical and theoretical developments are still lacking. The prime purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between ethical leadership and corporate social responsibility (CSR) by concentrating on the mediating role of the intellectual capital and ethical culture of the organization. Data for this study was collected through personally administered questionnaire survey from manufacturing sector of Pakistan and utilized 357 questionnaires for analysis. After the collection of data from respondents, statistical tools including correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were employed in the present study. This study concludes that ethical leadership positively affects CSR. This study finds the presence of ethical culture, social capital and human capital as mediator in relationship between ethical leadership and CSR. This study is the first attempt in Pakistan towards the perspective i.e. ethical leadership, ethical culture, and intellectual capital in relation to CSR.

This paper examines the performance effects associated with different alliance portfolio configurations in terms of geographical location and partner type. Based on these distinctions, the authors hypothesize that more diverse alliance portfolios enable firms to gain and exploit innovation opportunities. Additionally, the mediating effects of R&D human and social capital on the R&D alliance portfolio diversity–innovation performance relationship are explored. The authors reason that the absorptive capacity of R&D intellectual capital determines a firm's potential gains from highly diverse alliance portfolios. From panel data of manufacturing firms in Spain for the period 2008–2013, the results confirm the inverted U‐shaped relationship between alliance portfolio diversity and firm innovation performance, implying that both insufficient and excessive alliance portfolio diversity may be detrimental to firm innovativeness. Additionally, R&D human and social capital partially mediates the R&D alliance diversity–innovation performance relationship, emphasizing the importance of internal capabilities to leverage the benefits of highly diverse alliance portfolios. These findings add a dynamic dimension to the conceptualization of alliance portfolios and how firms create value by balancing explorative and exploitative alliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined how aspects of intellectual capital influenced various innovative capabilities in organizations. In a longitudinal, multiple-informant study of 93 organizations, we found that human, organizational, and social capital and their interrelationships selectively influenced incremental and radical innovative capabilities. As anticipated, organizational capital positively influenced incremental innovative capability, while human capital interacted with social capital to positively influence radical innovative capability. Counter to our expectations, however, human capital by itself was negatively associated with radical innovative capability. Interestingly, social capital played a significant role in both types of innovation, as it positively influenced incremental and radical innovative capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under conditions of transformational processes, the role of intellectual capital, which determines the development processes at construction enterprises, increases. At domestic enterprises there observed a low level of intellectual capital, which negatively affects their functioning. Moreover, the presented processes are exacerbated at construction enterprises, which are among the companies that determine the development of the state. The aim of the article is to systematize the theoretical and methodological approaches to identifying elements of intellectual capital of construction enterprises. As a result of the research, the structural elements of intellectual capital of construction enterprises are identified: human capital; intellectual property; organizational and branded equity; market assets; investment and innovation, and social capital; stakeholder relationships; information support.

Background: After carrying out an extensive literature review, it is clear that Total Quality Management (TQM) has a significant influence on many areas of companies. The development of quality management practices can lead to the generation of intellectual capital and thus become a key competitive factor. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to explore whether TQM practices have a positive influence on a company’s intellectual capital. Method: We formulate three hypotheses considering the components of intellectual capital: human capital, social capital and organisational capital. This article develops an empirical analysis through the use of structural equation modelling using the partial least squares technique. Results: The results show that TQM has a strong positive causal effect on intellectual capital. Conclusion: This research, therefore, identifies a key determinant of one of the most important strategic variables for companies at present: intellectual capital.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the links between the enterprise social networks (ESN) use and the exploitative and exploratory innovations and deepen the analysis by examining the mediating role of the sub-dimensions of intellectual capital (IC) in these relationships. Design/methodology/approach: The authors use a quantitative method based on the questionnaire administrated to a sample of 248 middle managers working in Tunisian ICT firms. Regarding the data analysis, the authors use a partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. Findings: Results highlight that whereas exploratory innovation is positively linked to human capital (HC) and social capital (SC), exploitative innovation is positively associated with HC. Findings show that the ESN use is linked positively to exploitative innovation and this link is mediated by HC. The data analysis also revealed that HC and SC mediate the link between ESN use and exploratory innovation. Originality/value: Although limited studies have investigated the effect of the ESN use on firms, this research pioneers the examination of the effect of the ESN use on exploitative and exploratory innovations within ICT firms and the mediating roles of HC, SC and organizational capital that have never been explored. Findings are highlighted along with interesting insights for managers and outline the key aspects related to the ESN use that may improve the sub-dimensions of IC and boost exploitative and exploratory innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]