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Aim: To determine the prevalence of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in infants presenting to hospital in Australia and New Zealand with bronchiolitis over four bronchiolitis seasons. Secondary aims were to determine temporal trends in HFNC use, and associations between HFNC, hospital length of stay (LOS) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Methods: A planned sub‐study of a multi‐centre international cluster randomised controlled trial investigating knowledge translation strategies for a bi‐national bronchiolitis guideline. Demographics, management and outcomes data were collected retrospectively for infants presenting with bronchiolitis to 26 hospitals between 1 May 2014 and 30 November 2017. Prevalence data are presented as absolute frequencies (95% confidence interval (CI)) with differences between groups for continuous and categorical variables analysed using linear and logistic regression, respectively. Results: 11 715 infants were included with 3392 (29.0%, 95% CI (28.1–29.8%)) receiving oxygen therapy; of whom 1817 (53.6%, 95% CI (51.9–55.3%)) received HFNC. Use of oxygen therapy did not change over the four bronchiolitis seasons (P = 0.12), while the proportion receiving HFNC increased (2014, 336/2587 (43.2%); 2017, 609/3720 (57.8%); P ≤ 0.001). Infants who received HFNC therapy were not substantially different to infants who received oxygen therapy without HFNC. HFNC use was associated with increases in both hospital LOS (P < 0.001) and ICU admissions (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Use of HFNC therapy for infants with bronchiolitis increased over 4 years. Of those who received oxygen therapy, the majority received HFNC therapy without improvement in hospital LOS or ICU admissions. Strategies to guide appropriate HFNC use in infants with bronchiolitis are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the impact of locally adapted targeted implementation interventions on bronchiolitis management through reduction in ineffective investigation and therapies within emergency departments. Methods: A multi‐centred, quality improvement study in four different grades of hospitals in Western Australia that provide paediatric emergency and inpatient care. All hospitals incorporated an adapted implementation intervention package for infants under 1 year with bronchiolitis. The proportion whose care complied with guideline recommendations to not receive investigations and therapies of minimal benefit were compared to pre‐intervention care in a previous bronchiolitis season. Results: A total of 457 infants in 2019 (pre‐intervention) and 443 in 2021 (post‐intervention) were included, with mean age of 5.6 months (SD 3.2, 2019; SD 3.0, 2021). In 2019, compliance was 78.1% versus 85.6% in 2021, RD 7.4 (95% CI −0.6; 15.5). The strongest evidence was reduced salbutamol use (compliance improvement: 88.6% to 95.7%, RD 7.1 95% CI (1.7; 12.4)). Hospitals initially at <80% compliance demonstrated greatest improvements (Hospital 2: 95 (78.5%) to 108 (90.8%) RD 12.2 95% CI (3.3; 21.2); Hospital 3: 67 (62.6%) to 63 (76.8%) RD 14.2 95% CI (1.3; 27.2)). Conclusion: Targeted site‐adapted implementation interventions resulted in improvement in compliance with guideline recommendations, particularly for those hospitals with initial low compliance. Maximising benefits through guidance on how to adapt and effectively use interventions will enhance sustainable practice change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]