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Abstract Emissive screens are generally believed to be the main reason for eye fatigue when reading text on displays. This study examines the impact on eye fatigue of the reading style and medium: reflective or emissive. We test three media: paper, LCD (liquid crystal display with backlight), and electronic paper (book reader using electrophoretic reflective display). Eye fatigue levels in a reading task are evaluated under two reading styles (free condition and fixed condition) for the three media by measuring the increment in near point distances after each reading task. Subjects were requested to read a novel for 180 min using the three media. The fixed reading condition yielded a statistically significant increase of the near point distance on the three media, while the free condition showed no such increment, regardless of the medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents recent modifications of the Leak Before Break procedure of the A16 appendix from French RCC-MR nuclear code and the improvements that will be proposed. The first part of the study deals with the prediction of the crack size at penetration. In the case of small initial defect the validity of the Master Curve used in the A16 appendix is confirmed for pipes. For large initial defects, a correction to the A16 procedure is proposed to take into account the effect of large initial crack length on its size at penetration. The second part of this paper focuses on the crack shape evolution after penetration, which is characterized by two stages: first straightening of the crack shape and then crack growth at both inner and outer surfaces. This typical behaviour is confirmed by numerical and experimental works for which particular loading conditions have been investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Concern about fatigue is one of the factors limiting use of glass/epoxy jointing systems for timber in construction. In this paper, a series of high-cycle fatigue tests are reported which indicate that the performance is as good, if not superior to, conventional jointing systems. The performance of the joints was found to produce a straight line on a logarithmic S–N plot and thus be readily predictable for design purposes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Many industrial units apply wanted or unwanted impact loads to particles. Such units include comminution units as ball-mill, pin-mill or jet-mill, as well as conveying systems such as pneumatic conveying pipelines and chutes. Regardless of whether the impact load is wanted or unwanted, it causes damage to the particles. The number of collisions also has a major effect on the damage caused to the particles. Since systems commonly used in industry are similar in many ways (differing only by the range of impact velocities and number of impacts) their effect on the damage caused to the particles could be commonly evaluated based on the impact velocity and the number of collisions.In this paper, the fatigue behavior of the same material tested in four impact comminution and attrition units is compared for the first time. Fatigue curves common to the four impact units are presented. The ability to plot a single fatigue curve for various impact systems enables to predict the expected size reduction in any new impact system based on past experience with other impact systems, as will be demonstrated in the paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]