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The growing consumer interest in plant-based alternatives to animal-derived foods is leading to their more frequent placement in the food market. This is accompanied by the obligation for all operators of food establishments to properly label these products. In legal and food practice, various questions related to the labelling of these products are increasingly arising. The article thoroughly examines the legal regulations of the European Union and the Slovak and Czech practices in this area. Milk and dairy products are, according to legal regulations, products of animal origin. However, can plant-based 'alternatives' to milk and dairy products still be labelled with terms such as 'milk' or terms used for labelling dairy products? The authors of the contribution seek answers to these and other related questions, relying not only on European standardization but also on the case law of the Court of Justice of The European Union. The contribution emphasizes the necessity of precise (legal) and consumer-understandable labelling in the growing segment of plant-based 'alternatives' to milk and dairy products. Emerging questions regarding the labelling of these products may form the basis for a discussion about potential changes in legal regulations to adapt to the evolving food market and consumer preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food labels serve as a critical tool for conveying essential information to consumers, particularly those with food allergies. The European Union has implemented stringent regulations mandating the clear identification of 14 priority allergens on food packaging, a crucial step in safeguarding consumer health. This paper reviews the latest regulations in Europe regarding allergen labelling, exploring the effectiveness of these regulations and their impact on consumer safety. While the regulations have led to improvements in the clarity of allergen information, challenges remain, particularly regarding the consistency and standardization of labelling practices across different brands and products. Additionally, the voluntary nature of Precautionary Allergen Labelling (PAL) has led to consumer mistrust and confusion, highlighting the need for more standardized and transparent labelling practices. The paper concludes by recommending further harmonization of allergen labelling regulations and the development of clearer guidelines to enhance consumer confidence and protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Royal Decree-Law 5/2023 of 28 June repeals Law 3/2009 of 3 April and introduces new regulation in the field of structural modifications such as the transposition of Directive (EU) 2019/2121 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 as regards cross-border transformations, mergers and spin-offs. This article gives an overview of the main changes brought about by this new regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the interplay between the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act and General Data Protection Regulation compliance, exploring when and how organizations need to adhere to both regulations. Topics include the ethical governance of AI in the legal sector, emphasizing holistic policy approaches, and the legal constraints involved in AI-powered judicial decision-making.

The literature on cross-border cooperation in Europe is predominated by the analysis of the European Union (EU) INTERREG Programmes' results, while other support funds are often neglected. To fill this research gap, the authors undertook the research on cross-border cooperation of the area-based partnerships (Local Action Groups – LAGs) from Poland and the Czech Republic, financed by the Rural Development Programmes (RDPs) 2014–2020. The main purpose of our paper is to identify the rationales for cooperation, strategies to find partners, the scope of activities and obstacles in implementing the joint projects. The qualitative research involved a content analysis of LAG documents and interviews with LAG managers. The actions in twelve identified cooperation projects were mainly related to local traditions, inventory and the promotion of local products and services, the development of tourism and environmental issues. The respondents have emphasised that these actions required separate financing by national RDPs following different administrative rules, even though when constituting the components of a single project. The bureaucratic restrictions resulted in a clear asymmetry of LAGs activities, manifested in a lower involvement of the Czech LAGs. As a result, many projects can be considered as highly unilateral, solely national rather than genuinely international, which has not been the intention of the LAG managers, however. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Administrative Tribunal of Luxembourg, 15 July 2022, case no 44377 and Court of Appeal of Luxembourg, 31 March 2023, case no 47873C On 15 July 2022, the Administrative Tribunal of Luxembourg annulled the decisions by which the Luxembourg Minister for Agriculture, Viticulture, and Consumer Protection had banned all glyphosate-based products. On 31 March 2023, the Court of Appeal upheld the ruling of the Administrative Tribunal. The ground of annulment was the breach by the Luxembourg State of the adversarial principle enshrined in Article 9 of the Grand-Ducal Regulation of 8 June 1979. Yet, for the sake of completeness, the Administrative Tribunal and the Court of Appeal verified the compliance of the decisions banning glyphosate-based products with Articles 36, 41 and 44 of Regulation no 1107/2009. Against this backdrop, this case note provides a critical assessment of the rulings of the Administrative Tribunal and the Court of Appeal from the perspective of European Union law. This analysis might prove to be useful as it enables us to shed light on the conditions allowing Member States to withdraw the authorisation of plant protection products under Regulation no 1107/2009 as well as to identify the hurdles that Member States might need to overcome when banning glyphosate-based products from their territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the challenge of depopulation in certain regions and the efforts by public authorities to address it through policy interventions, particularly focusing on the role of financial and tax law. It examines the potential of tax measures in combating depopulation, including differentiated taxation and incentives for rural settlement. It delves into the legal framework, European Union regulations, and the use of digital tools like Digital Integral Assistance Administrations.

Considered as being the main component element of the advisory procedure, an endorsement is an opinion that an administrative body requests from certain authorities and administrative structures, according to the subject matter of the regulation, to adopt/issue an administrative deed. In this article, using logical interpretation as well as comparative analysis, we set out to highlight the significance of endorsements in Romania, outline their legal nature, and establish the relationships between the types of endorsements, so that the conclusions may represent a starting point for a future theory of this type of documents. We considered the French specialty literature to give a comparative law note to our approach. At the same time, we considered certain types of endorsements in some European states, based on the analysis of a Codex regarding a series of Constitutions of some European states in order to emphasize the importance they give to these endorsements. We gave an overview of the theory of endorsements through the lens of the existing legislation over time in Romania or rather, its lack thereof. In our study, we also referred to the draft ReNEUAL Code of Administrative Procedure of the European Union, which aims at "transposing the European values into the regulation of administrative procedure related to the non-legislative implementation of European Union law and policy". We set out on this analysis, considering the lack of legal regulation of endorsements, their legal nature, and their effects, with reference not only to doctrine but also to some cases that we considered for analysis from court practice. In the framework of the new effort to develop the Code (still in the draft form) in Romania, it seems that endorsements will receive their well-deserved place, distinct from simple administrative operations. Our main approach concerns Romanian legislation, doctrine, and jurisprudence, but it also includes a brief analysis of the jurisdiction of the Court of the European Union, with reference to the endorsements issued at the level of the institutions of the European Union. As a general conclusion, we believe that endorsements should be separately regulated, by clearly distinguishing between administrative documents and administrative operations, in the future Code of Administrative Procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal für Medizin- und Gesundheitsrecht (JMG) is the property of Verlag Oesterreich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of FinanzRundschau is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The legitimate predictability of the work of public authorities is one of the pillars of the principle of legal security. In the administrative area, the legitimate expectation is that the Administration will not surprise individuals in contravention of their legitimate expectations, based on objective grounds derived from their past and familiar behaviors, destroying their stable legal positions and wasting their existing reassurance and legitimate and reasonable future aspirations. It is the administrative judge who assesses the legitimacy and reasonableness of expectations. this modest research paper is intended to identify that judge's role in protecting legitimate expectations as a pillar of legal security. The study came in two requirements, the first of which was devoted to what is the legitimate expectation as a pillar of the principle of legal security, while the second was devoted to the legitimate expectation in the jurisprudence of the administrative judge. The research concluded that the idea of legitimate individual expectations, from modern general ideas is unwritten, in contemporary legal systems, especially in the European Union group countries, where it has become part of the legal system, is adopted by the judiciary and its violation entails the responsibility of the administration. However, it is still a poorly defined idea, and its introduction is not explicit in the rulings of administrative courts in Arab countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Article 28 (2) and 29 of Regulation (EU) 2018/848 lay down requirements for operators and competent authorities on how to handle the presence of unauthorised products and substances in organic products. Such presence is an important indicator that an organic product may not comply with the rules of Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (EU Organic Regulation). Since 1st of January 2022, suspect cases based on findings of unauthorised products and substances shall lead to blocking sale of organic products concerned by operators and official investigations by control authorities and control bodies. Although such measures lead to a better protection of consumer interests, they are also increasing the level of uncertainty in the value chain for operators and the organic control system. In this article, the authors analyse the legal requirements in view of defining a practical approach towards such suspect cases in line with the legal requirements and without violating the integrity of organic products and organic production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EU Free Trade Agreements joint organs – Comprehensive powers beyond executive implementation – Democratic legitimacy concerns – Establishment of treaty bodies in CETA as a conferral of public powers – Limits to delegation prescribed by EU constitutional law – Mechanisms to strengthen the control of the European Parliament over the treaty bodies' decision-making [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses consideration of unhealthy nutrition decree. It mentions that in 2017, Denisa Assefová reported on the entry into force of a Decree prohibiting sale of unhealthy foodstuffs in school facilities. It mentions that over salted foodstuffs was prohibited inside educational centers with objective to prevent childhood obesity in accordance with EU Action Plan on Childhood Obesity 2014-2020.

Copyright of Revista de Administración Pública is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Internacional y Comparada de Relaciones Laborales y Derecho del Empleo is the property of ADAPT University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using both a multivariate technique and a classic convergence analysis, we set out to test in an original way if the European Union (EU) regulation on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced by urban road transport has generated a policy transfer process. By doing so, this paper attempts to fill the gap in research on ex-post analysis to assess whether the decisions taken at the EU level are actually transposed and implemented locally. The results obtained allow to document whether the EU regulation has stimulated the adoption of sustainable mobility policies for a selected group of Italian cities. The findings show that the processes of policy transfer may produce different effects if heterogeneity exists between cities or regions, even if they belong to the same country. Italian evidence demonstrates that northern cities are more actively drawing policy lessons. The study also reveals that large cities choose to look abroad more often than small municipalities. These results indicate that there may be institutional and economic variables that influence the transfer process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo ofrece información legislativa y jurisprudencial sobre trabajo y seguridad social en la Unión Europea (UE), España y Portugal. Incluye el Real Decreto 299/2016 en España sobre la protección de la salud y seguridad de los trabajadores. También se discute es el juicio de la corte de Apelaciones de Lisboa, Portugal, en un caso que si, dentro de una transacción, hubo una transferencia de contrato de trabajo.

Copyright of Actualidad Jurídica (1578-956X) is the property of Dykinson SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Starting from the fact that this topic is in the development phase, the author points to the significance of innovation in the EU, as a relatively new concept. Innovation plays an increasing role in our economy. It provides gives for citizens as both consumers and workers. The work essentially determines the innovation in the EU, and then reviews recent developments in legal project management. The aim of the paper, respecting article size limit, is to present specific features of the innovation in the EU, both: economic and legal aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents Italian circular on the interpretation of recent national legislation establishing sanctions for the violation of the provisions of Regulation European Union (EU) No. 1169/2011. It mentions rules on penalties for violations relating to the labelling of food products provided for by Regulation. It also reveals that Decree provides for penalties for breaches of information obligations by food business operators.

Rare diseases as the name suggests are the diseases which occur in a very small population due to which the development of medicinal products for these diseases is sidelined as it is anticipated that the cost of development will never be recovered from the sales. It has been estimated by National Institute of Health (NIH) that globally around 7000 rare diseases are there, many of which are of genetic origin. This paper aims to analyze the basic similarities and differences between the rules and regulations put forth by regulatory agencies of US and EU for development of medicinal products for rare diseases, also called orphan medicinal products. The basic purpose was to carve out the loopholes as well as positive aspects of each of these acts and regulations so as to have a clear understanding on the subject. It was to understand that how these legal instruments have stimulated the growth of the drug products for rare diseases and what other things can be done in order to achieve a better impact. This article also provides an overview of the various incentives offered as well as challenges and hurdles faced by each of these regulatory agencies while implementing these regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actualidad Jurídica (1578-956X) is the property of Dykinson SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualidad Jurídica (1578-956X) is the property of Dykinson SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualidad Jurídica (1578-956X) is the property of Dykinson SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Beykoz Akademi Dergisi is the property of Beykoz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

European Parliament resolution of 9 June 2016 and ReNEUAL Model Rules on EU Administrative Procedure constitute two attempts to answer to the lack of transparency and protection of citizens' rights in decision-making process before administrative bodies. Despite that, EU still has not adopted a legally binding act regulating administrative proceedings before its all authorities. The key for understanding this situation is a constitutional shape of EU institutional system with Commission as the biggest administrative power which blocks legal initiative at that field. It brightly contrasts with a long tradition of codification of administrative procedure in the vast majority of member states. Furthermore, nowadays we have to deal with a new wave of codifications. That arrives not only to countries with well-established achievements but extends on those usually reluctant to that kind of provisions. The analysis of factors which led to current state of affairs requires therefore the extensive use of comparative and historical method. However, the results of research can have a crucial importance for understanding of EU administration and may be used in future for amelioration of procedural law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A characteristic feature of transnational administrative acts is that their effects extend beyond the borders of the issuing State, i.e., they have also effects in the territory of other States. It is one of the institutes that is also used within the European Union to harmonise the activities of the Member States at the application level, too. It represents the so-called horizontal form of harmonisation. The aim of this paper is to analyse possible ways of defence of the Member State concerned against the effects of a transnational administrative act issued by another Member State. In addition, the paper also includes a debate about the new concept of such defence in European Union legislation. In preparing this paper, the basic methods of scientific research were used, consisting in the analysis of the current legal regulation of transnational administrative acts in European Union law, the synthesis of common features and groups of possible means of defence, and subsequently the description of possible proposals de lege ferenda for better legislation. The author concludes that in the current legislation there are several different ways of defence of a Member State against the effects of transnational administrative acts and also formulates his proposals for the unification of possible procedural defence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the logistics of the food supply chain (based in principle, but not exclusively, on that of fresh products) makes possible a pragmatic analysis of the circular economy and includes some interesting suggestions for the application of the European Union legislation recently adopted and for the development of future regulations. In this area, logistics (and especially the so-called "last mile") has not received the attention it ought to have. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2018, the European Union (EU) adopted a recast of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II), which introduces a new target of 32 percent renewable energy to be reached at the EU level by 2030. This target represents a discontinuity with the one enshrined in the previous Directive (RED I), as it is binding only for the EU as a whole but not for individual Member States. Such a policy shift paves the way to new legal challenges for the deployment of renewable energy. Yet, the contextual approval of the Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union also provides the European Commission with an enforcement toolkit to respond to Member States' ambition and delivery gaps in their National Energy and Climate Plans. Providing an appraisal of the RED II and the Governance Regulation, this article argues that, despite the lack of binding renewable energy targets at Member State level, the Commission is equipped with the necessary instruments to ensure the enforcement of the collective 2030 renewable energy target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nagoya Protocol developed the legal regime for the access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization that were already enshrined in the Convention on Biological Diversity, and introduced binding rules on compliance. With its Regulation 511/2014 adopted in 2014, the European Union (EU) – the second most important geographical area in the global biotechnology market – has developed and sought to harmonize the compliance and monitoring measures for users from the Nagoya Protocol in the EU territory. This article presents and assesses the progress made in this recent EU legal field, including the challenges in the form of several uncertainties that still lie ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collected Papers of the Faculty of Law in Split / Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Splitu is the property of Split Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article offers information on the development of several European Union (EU) regulations. Topics discussed include a capital requirements regulation (CRR) on the implementing technical standards (ITSs) for uniform disclosure formats of global systematically important institutions (GSIIs), a delegated regulation on the regulatory technical standards (RTSs) of mortgage indemnity insurance, and a regulation on the RTSs on geographical location identification of relevant credit exposure.

The article lists the delegated regulations from the European Union (EU) Commission including the calculation of credit risk adjustments, the mortgage credit directive, and the communication on crowdfunding in the European Union (EU).

This article focuses on a new type of rules that the European Union may adopt: delegated legislation. Although this instrument may be new, it follows from a longstanding controversy over the means by which the European Parliament can hold the European Commission to account when it adopts executive rules. On the basis of interviews and documentary evidence, this article aims to test to what degree the new system delivers on its promise of stronger accountability. Although the new system is still in its infancy, the article concludes that formal rules, internal norms and practices are already indicative of stronger legislative control. However, capacity issues within the European Parliament, as well as a lack of public transparency, may well prove to be detrimental when the number of delegated acts increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the issues of sustainability reporting and particular the regulations in the European Union in this field are presented. In connection with the annual increasing number of published sustainability reports the question raises of whether the practice should be voluntary or mandatory - regulated by law? The first part of the article discusses the existing regulations in the European Union in this area. The second part presents an example of the solutions adopted in one of the Member States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focus on explaining the Regulation's concept as the legal status quo in the European Union. It mentions European Union (EU) regulations are directly enforceable and do not need to be transposed into the national law of the Member States; and the Open Internet Access Regulation's general goals are to "guarantee the continued functioning of the internet ecosystem as an engine of innovation.

Copyright of Actualidad Jurídica (1578-956X) is the property of Dykinson SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualidad Jurídica (1578-956X) is the property of Dykinson SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The result of expanding jurisdiction of the European Union (hereinafter: EU) is not only the increase in number of sectors in which special administrative procedures are enforced, but also the increase in number of corresponding bodies and agencies. The current state is characterised by lack of coordination and uniformity and absence of codified procedural rules which makes it difficult for the EU citizens to easily and completely understand their administrative rights and contributes to deterioration of their legal protection. This is not in accordance with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (hereinafter: Charter), which guarantees its citizens the right to good administration (Article 41). The authors deem that the standardization of the sectoral administrative rules would lead to simplification and rationalisation of the administrative procedures. European Administrative Law is developed through the practice of the Court of Justice of the EU (hereinafter: CJEU) that has formulated a series of general administrative principles to be followed in order for administrative procedures to maintain their legitimacy. Nevertheless, the legislator is considered to be the one who determines clear procedural rules, thus contributing to legal safety and predictability. Discussing the need for codification of the Law on Administrative Procedure of the European Union (hereinafter: EU APA) has thus become even more relevant. However, the question that constantly arises is whether the regulation on common administrative procedure is necessary in the EU legislation and if so to what extent. The necessity to regulate the minimum of common procedural standards and principles of good administration along with the procedures of EU institutions when resolving individual cases of physical and legal persons is emphasised by the European Parliament Resolution of 15th January 2013 with recommendations to the Commission on the Law of Administrative Procedure of the European Union (2012/2024(INL)). The legal basis contained in the Article 298 (1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (hereinafter: TFEU) is also emphasized. This paper will conclude with a brief review of the results of public consultation on the European Union's administrative law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the feasibility of EU legal action in the field of electronic identity (elD) within the new distribution of legal competences and the provision of novel legal basis engendered by the Treaty of Lisbon. The article attempts to find a 'legal anchor' to the idea of a pan-European electronic identity within EU law, looking at the issues of competences and legal basis. After examining various different areas of competence and the most feasible (and probable) candidates for a legal basis supporting an EU legal framework for elD, the paper argues that the latter should be found in the combination of Article 16 TFEU (concerning the right to the protection of personal data) with Article 3 TUE, and Articles 26 and 114 TFEU (concerning the establishment and functioning of the Internal Market), which also constitute the area of competence where an elD legal initiative can be pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aspects of adaptation of Ukrainian legislation in the field of provision of administrative services to the requirements and standards of the European Community are considered. The article analyzes the concept of “administrative service”, describes the standardization in the system of providing administrative services, administrative and legal regulation in this area, outlines the main directions of improvement of legislation aimed at improving the quality. It is emphasized that the adaptation of the Ukrainian legislation to the EU legislation is to bring national legislation closer to the modern European system of law. Adaptation is an integral part of integration processes, a prerequisite for the harmonization of national legislation with the legislation of international organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article identifies and analyses the important judgements of courts around the world that shape the interpretation and application of chemical law and regulation. It examines how applicants should compile REACH Applications for Authorisation, and how European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and the Commission should review those applications.

The article offers information related to the harmonization of European Union acquis by introducing Turkish REACH like regulations. It mentions about Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation is responsible from the implementation and enforcement of as Kimyasalların Kaydı, Değerlendirilmesi, İzni ve Kısıtlanmasına Hakkında Yönetmelik (KKDIK); and general misconception that companies have a window of three years for pre-registering substances, followed by registration preparations in 2021.

El artículo ofrece información sobre las leyes legislativas y jurisprudencial en la Unión Europea, España y Portugal. Los temas discutidos incluyen decretos leyes sobre entidades interurbanas, mobiliario urbano en espacios públicos, leyes sobre servicios públicos de transporte de pasajeros, unificación de doctrinas, servicios Lexnet y normas de datos.

The article discusses the regulation of the synthetic chemical Bisphenol A (BPA) in the production of baby and children's products in the European Union. It analyzes the regulatory process of BPA in the EU to understand how uncertain risks are being regulated. The current development of the regulatory process hopes to address the ongoing struggle in regulating endocrine disruptors like BPA in baby commercial products.

Postal regulation has changed dramatically within the European Union over the past decade. This article theorizes and empirically investigates domestic conditions which have shaped the institutional realization of regulatory reform. It seeks to explore how the commitment-control problem, inherent to any delegated setting, has been resolved in different countries. In which ways have national governments delegated regulatory powers to independent agencies and how do these operate in practice? Combining delegation theory and the variety of capitalism approach, expectations for three distinct varieties of delegation are formulated which are then exposed to empirical scrutiny studying the UK, Germany and France. The typology accounts for cross-country variance in de facto agency independence and regulatory practice, but contradicts patterns of formal delegation. In view of a striking discrepancy between formal arrangements and actual practice, the author makes a strong argument in favour of studying the dynamic and longitudinal effects of interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As of April 2007, the European Union has new regulations concerning driver working hours. These rules force the placement of breaks and rests into vehicle routes when consecutive driving or working time exceeds certain limits. This paper proposes a large neighborhood search method for the vehicle routing problem with time windows and driver regulations. In this method, neighborhoods are explored using a column generation heuristic that relies on a tabu search algorithm for generating new columns (routes). Checking route feasibility after inserting a customer into a route in the tabu search algorithm is not an easy task. To do so, we model all feasibility rules as resource constraints, develop a label-setting algorithm to perform this check, and show how it can be used efficiently to validate multiple customer insertions into a given existing route. We test the overall solution method on modified Solomon instances and report computational results that clearly show the efficiency of our method compared to two other existing heuristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]